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| Content expansion (from Rainbow Neurologist)-Lacunar cerebral infarction

Lacunar cerebral infarction is one of many types of cerebral infarction (if it is caused by microthrombosis, it belongs to the concept of cerebral embolism), and it is a non-cortical small infarction caused by the occlusion of a single small perforating branch of the cerebral artery (the diameter of the infarction focus is generally 0.2- 15 mm). This concept first came from19th century, when doctors found such lesions in autopsy. However, with the continuous improvement of people's understanding of this kind of disease, the diagnostic term lacunar cerebral infarction has become increasingly controversial and its clinical application has become less and less. It is more replaced by the diagnosis of "cerebrovascular disease".

Regarding the etiology of lacunar cerebral infarction, the current views are mainly as follows:

1. Arteriosclerosis (mainly lipovitreous degeneration) passing through branch arteries is a common cause, especially small infarction (3-7 mm in length).

2. Micro-atherosclerotic plaques originating from some large vessels, such as the trunk of middle cerebral artery, basilar artery ring, perforating artery at the distal end of basilar artery or vertebral artery. In other words, the openings of these small perforating arteries are completely or partially covered by plaques, leading to ischemia.

3. In some cases, although it has not been confirmed by pathology, many scientists still suspect that tiny emboli are the cause of these small infarcts.

Lacunar cerebral infarction accounts for 15%-26% of all ischemic stroke (including cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism).

Two of the three causes of lacunar cerebral infarction are related to chronic vascular diseases related to hypertension. Other factors, such as smoking and diabetes, are also considered to be related to this.