Can China produce fighter planes?

Why not? Look at this information! Estimation of performance parameters of China's third generation fighter j 10 J 10 J 10.

operating characteristic

Captain14.57m.

Wingspan 8.78 meters

Thrust 122 kn

The maximum speed is Mach 2.0.

The maximum upper limit is18000m.

The operational radius is 1 100 km.

The maximum range is 2500 kilometers.

The takeoff weight is 19277kg.

The bomb load is 7000 kilograms.

0 1 prototype from scratch.

This J-10 was ambitious from the beginning of research and development, so it attracted much attention-for example, the most popular "duck" pneumatic layout was locked at the beginning. As a domestic third-generation fighter, its task is to catch up with the world's advanced level.

1965-1In the early 1980s, the aviation industry re-formulated the development policy of "new generation, developed generation and pre-developed generation", that is, some old fighters were replaced by more advanced 歼 7 and 歼 8; Develop the follow-up improvement of 歼 7 and 歼 8; With MIG -29 and Su -27 as the main operational targets, advanced fighters that can meet the operational needs before and after 2000 will be pre-researched.

Xu De, former deputy general manager of Chengdu Aircraft Industry (Group) Company directly under China First Airlines, introduced that 1982, Deng Xiaoping, then chairman of the Central Military Commission, after listening to Zou Jiahua's report, proposed to invest 500 million yuan to build a new aircraft with independent intellectual property rights.

The development task was handed over to Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (also known as 6 1 1 Institute).

1986 65438+1October, the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly issued a document to approve the J-10 project, code-named 10 project-"It was located in F 16 at that time, which was very different." Xu De said.

In the view of some domestic experts at that time, catching up with F 16 was "in the foreseeable future". At that time, China's most advanced J-8 fighter was only the second generation fighter, while advanced third generation fighters, such as American F 15, F 16 and Soviet MIG-29, had already been equipped and applied in actual combat.

Song was the chief designer of J-10 at the age of 56. He designed the J -7C before, nominally made in China, but the technology is still an imitation of the Soviet MIG -2 1 fighter.

After repeated screening by the whole air force, 24 people entered the test pilot assessment.

In the first class, all the pilots were dumbfounded. "This kind of plane has never been seen before!" J-10 is all controlled by computer, which is a brand-new field for pilots who are used to the first and second generation of aircraft tie rods and rudders.

In the design of J-10, China adopted the modern aircraft design concept for the first time, and put people and systems together to study and achieve the integration of man and machine. "In the past, pilots used to adapt to airplanes. Now the design concept has changed, and the design is more humanized. Once the pilot enters the cockpit, there is no discomfort. " Test pilot Lei Qiang said.

1993, Lei Qiang and other five people stood out and were identified as members of the "Chief Test Pilot Group"-this is also in line with international standards. The quality simulation test-bed was completed this year. The operating logic, lighting and all the equipment in the cockpit of the simulator are exactly the same as the real machine. Test pilots can also practice flight conditions under different meteorological conditions and special conditions.

From the second generation mechanical transmission fighter to the third generation digital telex aircraft, the leap is very great. From pneumatic layout to digital fly-by-wire flight control system, from integrated avionics system to computer-aided design, J-10 has been completely transformed, and the yield of new products alone is as high as 60%.

Everything starts from scratch.

Test pilots have become an important participant in aircraft development. They put forward nearly a thousand suggestions to improve the cockpit and landing gear of new fighters. Not only that, they also directly participated in the design, and the handle and throttle lever of the plane were pinched out bit by bit with plasticine.

Designers don't have a sense of aerial photography, so they can only rely on the feedback from pilots, make repeated revisions and constantly improve.

1997165438+10 month, J-100 1 prototype finally stopped at the starting line. Lei Qiang was identified as the first batch of pilot projects.

"This is the real fighter!"

1On March 23rd, 998, J-100 1 prototype made its first flight.

Wenjiang Airport in Chengdu Military Region is crowded. On the tarmac, a new fighter plane with yellow paint and duck structure layout stands quietly-it is J-10.

The first and second generation fighters belong to static and stable aircraft, and the third generation fighters belong to static and stable aircraft.

"In layman's terms, static stability is like putting a steel ball in a bowl. No matter how you roll, you can finally find a stable support point; Static instability is like putting a steel ball on another steel ball. In theory, there should be a point that can be put down, but in fact it will always fall. " Miao Wenzhong, deputy chief engineer of Cheng Fei Company, explained.

The third-generation aircraft flying for the first time abroad generally adopts the method of adding counterweight to make it a traditional static and stable aircraft, and then change it back after the test pilot is fully skilled. At first, designers also want to adopt international practices, but in this way, the cycle will be extended for at least half a year.

The chief designer asked Lei Qiang for advice, and Lei Qiang said, "We can't follow others and can't afford to wait." He practices on the flight simulator every day, not only daring.

Lei Qiang, wearing a special orange flight suit, walked to the fighter plane. He seems to have drunk too much and his face is flushed. The political commissar of the accompanying brigade grabbed his hand and took the pulse. 150! Lei Qiang climbed the ladder silently and stepped into the engine room. Looking back, he found that the face of the director of the flight test bureau was covered with tears.

Ignition, sliding out, accelerating, pulling the lever, the plane jumped out of the horizon and stabbed into the blue sky.

After the fighter plane flew three times around the airport, Lei Qiang found that there was still fuel left, so he asked for instructions to fly again. Twenty minutes later, the new fighter plane crossed an arc in the air and landed smoothly on the runway, and the whole airport was boiling. "This is the real fighter!" Lei Qiang was very excited when she got off the plane.

The first flight is only the first step to success. The test pilot's next job is to repeatedly check the fighter, expose the design defects one by one, make modifications, prepare for the finalization of the fighter, and provide a basis for the pilot's future operation.

1999, the second batch of four test pilots, including He Binbin, entered the model adjustment test flight, which was a stronger test flight-only by flying out of the limit value can the performance of the new fighter be expanded and the combat effectiveness be improved; Because it is a limit case, in the development process of the third generation aircraft, there have been plane crashes abroad without exception.

He Binbin was attacked by yellow sand on his way back, and the ground wind speed reached14 m/s. "The plane is like a drunk", swaying and leaning to one side. At this time, he increased the speed to 280 kilometers and judged the attitude of the plane by grouping method and heading method. At the moment of grounding, "the legs of the people present are soft." He Binbin wrote "The Flying Method of Strong Crosswind", "J-10 Crosswind Resistance Multiplies".

The "low altitude and large surface speed" flight test verifies the reliability and flutter characteristics of aircraft structural strength. The low-altitude atmosphere is dense, the faster the aircraft speed, the greater the pressure, and once it crosses the critical point, it will lead to the disintegration of the aircraft. "Low altitude and large area speed" is the maximum approximation of the speed of flying out of the plane without disintegration.

According to statistics, no fewer than 50 planes crashed during the test flight abroad. Russia's first Su -27 test flight, there was a tragedy of crash death.

Every time Li Zhonghua flies into space, researchers will silently help him arrange his flight equipment and watch him board the plane with a tragic face. In order to explore the limit, he increased the speed bit by bit. In this process, there are some problems, such as the deformation of the front landing gear guard plate and the rivet at the leading edge of the wing being sucked out due to excessive load. "If you fly again? No one has a bottom. "

On June 5438+February 2003 1, Li Zhonghua challenged the limit value of "low altitude and large area speed". He dived at a 25-degree angle from a height of 10,000 meters, with full afterburner and supersonic speed. With the acceleration of the plane, he felt the blood surge and the pressure on his body was getting bigger and bigger. When the speed reaches 120 m/s, "it's like falling into a bottomless abyss and being left in an endless dark and silent world."

In the ground monitoring room, when the monitor showed that the speed and pressure of the plane had exceeded 9,000 kg, Sha Changan, then president of China Flight Test Institute, described himself as creepy.

Oil poured into the engine, and the harsh noise generated by the intense friction between the atmosphere and the fuselage drowned out the roar of the engine. Li Zhonghua gritted his teeth, and when he was less than a kilometer from the ground, he glanced at the display screen: the speed completely reached and exceeded the design value of the plane. He pulled up the joystick, and the nose of the plane instantly lifted and re-entered the sky.

This flight set a record for the fastest flight speed of domestic aircraft in the atmosphere-exceeding the speed of the rocket carrying Shenzhou VI 1300km/h in the atmosphere.

In addition, the 歼-10 also realized air start and air docking refueling.

Launch an air-to-air missile

An expert in Germany uses operational indicators to judge aircraft: the relationship between operational performance and basic performance of aircraft is linear, quadratic, cubic with avionics and quartic with equipped weapon system.

The live ammunition shooting test in the air is extremely risky, just like the test pilot sitting on a powder keg. If the missile is not successfully launched after ignition, it will pose a serious threat to the test pilot and the aircraft. Liang Wanjun, deputy commander of an air force flight brigade, carried out the first missile launch test mission of J-10 aircraft.

He made an amazing attempt to land at an altitude of 10,000 meters, and became one of the top ten news figures in CCTV's "Touching China" in 2004. People know that he is a test pilot of Xiaolong fighter, but they don't know that he also flies J-10.

The new fighter plane flew over the shooting range. A flare suddenly fired and turned into a fireball in the air. Using advanced airborne radar search, Liang Wanjun quickly intercepted and locked the target, and pressed the launch button after judging the opportunity. The missile went straight at the target with a white smoke, and the dazzling fireball suddenly exploded in the air and scattered into pieces.

A year later, China's new air-to-air missile was successfully developed, and Xu Yongling, the test pilot, was responsible for driving the new fighter plane to conduct the target test.

Before the launch, test pilot Xu Yongling was full of confidence. He sent a text message to the flight test chief: "The target test was successful, and the error was within 5 meters." However, things didn't go smoothly from the beginning: the missile had problems of guide head and signal attenuation one after another, and the missile parts were burned when it was powered on for inspection. I experienced some twists and turns before deciding to launch. The first shot succeeded, but the second shot missed the target.

On June 23rd, 2003, Xu Yongling launched two missiles, and the missiles were successfully launched. On the 25 th, the last missile left was aimed at the supersonic drone developed by China. When the launch button is pressed, the missile emits a long flame, which directly drills into the tail nozzle of the drone and explodes in the air.

The final test flight of the domestic third-generation fighter came to an end.

Miao Wenzhong, deputy chief engineer of Cheng Fei Company, introduced that the comprehensive cost of a test flight of J-10 was 270,000 yuan. J-10 aircraft made more than 3000 landings before it was finalized. Li Zhonghua flight test "high angle of attack characteristic test" was originally scheduled to carry out 30 flight test missions. After optimization, the task was completed with only 17 sorties, saving the country more than 3 million yuan.

"18 years old, joined the army"

Soon after the finalization, China's third-generation new fighter was formally equipped with troops, and the J-10 twin-plane, the improved J-10 and the naval type were fully promoted.

Academician Song, a 74-year-old designer, said emotionally: "From the first sketch in 1986 to the drawing of the August 1st military emblem today, our J-1kloc-0/8 years old, we grew up, joined the army and handed it over to the army ..."

One day in June 2004, 1 1, deep in the northwest desert, J-10, a "recruit", confronted an advanced fighter plane imported from China: rolled over, climbed, hovered and dived ... After finding the target, the pilot quickly locked and fired the missile, and the "enemy plane" instantly "vanished". Then, the second and third rounds of confrontation drills ended, and J-10 won with an absolute advantage of 10: 1

On February 29th, 2006, 10, that is, J-10 "appeared", the State Council Press Office published the white paper "National Defense of China in 2006". The white paper pointed out that China Air Force made great efforts to build an information-based air combat force with both offensive and defensive capabilities, reduce the total number of combat aircraft, focus on developing new fighters, air defense and anti-missile weapons, and strengthen the construction of command and control systems.

The successful development of J-10 is obviously of great significance. At the beginning of its development, it was listed as key national defense equipment as "a strategic weapon for our air force to seize air superiority and carry out campaign assault in future wars."

According to military sources, J-10 has become the most advanced main fighter in China, and it is the "killer" to defeat the enemy. China Air Force's weapons and equipment have made a leap from quantity-scale type to quality-benefit type, creating conditions for seizing air superiority and winning local wars under high-tech conditions in the future.

"after the J-10 was finalized, the air force chief said that the J-10 aircraft was superior to foreign fighters of the same generation in principle. The pilot reported that it used to be a jeep, but now it is a Mercedes-Benz. " Xu De said.

According to the principle of "opening a batch and developing the next batch", it is predicted that a new generation of more advanced fighters of China Air Force will come out. Is it okay? J 10 fighter is developed in China!