The loan market in 2020

Has the 20 15 mortgage interest rate been lowered?

20 15 mortgage interest rate is lowered. Today's news has exploded the Internet. The interest rate for loans over five years was lowered to 6. 15%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous 6.55%. The account manager of a bank calculated an account: taking the loan of 500,000 yuan paid off in 20 years as an example, according to the original benchmark interest rate of 6.55%, the total repayment amount was 898,200 yuan, with an average monthly repayment of 3,742.6 yuan; Under the new interest rate, the total repayment amount is 870,654,38+0,000 yuan, the monthly repayment amount is 3,625.56 yuan, and the monthly repayment amount is about 65,438+0,654,38+0.7 yuan.

Download the latest mortgage calculator 20 15 "

But to enjoy the new interest rate, the public will have to wait. People in the personal loan department of the bank reminded that, for example, for loans applied in June 2065438+2003, the interest rate for loans over five years is 6.55%, and the repayment on June 20 1 1 day is normal, and the new interest rate will not be enjoyed until June 20 15. The bank has lent money, but it has not yet reached the repayment date and the down payment, so it will not be able to enjoy the new interest rate concessions until New Year's Day next year.

At the same time, the central bank lowered the benchmark interest rate of individual housing provident fund loans for more than five years from the previous 4.5% to 4.25%, so that citizens can pay less interest on provident fund loans in the future.

After two years and four months, the central bank started asymmetric interest rate cuts again.

The benchmark interest rate for one-year loans was lowered by 0.4 percentage points to 5.6%.

The benchmark interest rate for one-year deposits was lowered by 0.25 percentage point to 2.75%.

The upper limit of the floating range of deposit interest rate is adjusted from 1. 1 times of the benchmark deposit interest rate to 1.2 times.

The benchmark interest rates of loans and deposits of other grades are adjusted accordingly.

Appropriately reduce the term grade of the benchmark interest rate.

Last night, the central bank announced that the benchmark interest rate for RMB loans and deposits of financial institutions would be lowered by 2065438+2004 165438+22 from October 22nd.

According to the analysis, this is the implementation of "accelerating the reform of interest rate marketization" held by the the State Council executive meeting a few days ago, and it is also the second time to adjust the upper limit of the floating range of deposit interest rates after June 8, 20 12. The central bank started asymmetric interest rate cuts again after two years and four months, aiming at alleviating "financing difficulties" and "expensive financing" and real economic growth. The interest rate cut cycle has started, and many institutions and experts expect that the interest rate cut window will be ushered in the future.

The interest rate cut announced by the central bank is the embodiment of implementing the "further effective measures to alleviate the high financing cost of enterprises" at the the State Council executive meeting on June165438+1October 9. According to the analysis, this is also a proactive attack to cope with the downward pressure on the economy and implement "guarantee growth".

The loan interest rate dropped by 0.4 percentage points at a time, breaking the regular rate cut rhythm of 0.25 percentage points. Yang Chi, director of the Strategy Office of the Development Research Department of Huaxia Bank, said that the speed and intensity of the interest rate cut were significantly higher than the social expectation. This also shows that the high financing cost of enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, has become a bottleneck restricting economic development.

Due to asymmetric interest rate reduction, the loan interest rate is 0. 15 percentage points lower than the deposit interest rate. The main consideration is that deposits need to maintain a reasonable rate of return to prevent deposits from continuing to flow out of the banking system in large quantities, thus affecting the bank's lending ability.

Regarding this interest rate cut, the relevant person in charge of the central bank stressed that it is a neutral operation and does not mean that the monetary policy orientation has changed. Generally speaking, China's macro-economy is still growing at a medium and high speed, so there is no need to take strong measures for the economy, and the prudent monetary policy orientation will not change. However, according to the operation of economic fundamentals, the central bank needs to flexibly use interest rate instruments to make fine adjustments, which is the proper meaning of adhering to and improving the normal interest rate adjustment mechanism.

The influence of 20 15 mortgage interest rate reduction;

Personal: One million mortgage deposits 234 yuan per month.

For commercial mortgage customers, the adjusted benchmark interest rate for loans over five years is 6. 15%, which is 0.4 percentage point lower than the previous interest rate, which is equivalent to a 9.4% discount on the previous interest rate. However, according to the mortgage repricing terms of most banks, the adjustment of mortgage interest rate reduction will wait until June 5438+ 10 next year.

For housing provident fund customers, the central bank lowered the benchmark interest rate of individual housing provident fund loans for more than five years from the previous 4.5% to 4.25%, a decrease of 0.25 percentage points, which was less than that of commercial loans.

Take the 20-year mortgage of 6,543,800 yuan as an example. If the benchmark interest rate is implemented, repayment will be made according to the repayment method of equal principal and interest. Before this interest rate cut, the loan interest rate was 6.55% and the monthly payment was 7,482.2 yuan. In 20 years, * * * will pay back 654.38+0.7964 million yuan.

After the interest rate cut, the benchmark loan interest rate dropped to 6. 15%, the monthly loan repayment dropped to 725 1. 12 yuan, and the 20-year principal and interest needed to be repaid 1.740267 yuan, a decrease of 56,200 yuan compared with that before the interest cut, and the monthly burden decreased by 2,340,800 yuan.

Enterprise: Save 5,200 yuan per million loans.

This interest rate cut is of great significance to reducing the financing cost of SMEs. Because in the current market, most banks' loans to SMEs are floating interest rates, among which 30% ~ 40% floating interest rates are very common, so this interest rate cut can effectively reduce the loan interest paid by SMEs.

Suppose an enterprise borrows from a bank 1 annual loan 1 ten thousand yuan, and the interest rate rises by 30%. Before the interest rate cut, the capital cost that enterprises need to pay is 7.8%. After the interest rate cut, the cost of capital that enterprises need to pay fell to 7.28%, a full decrease of 0.52 percentage points, with loans of 65,438.

It's good for people to buy a house.

The interest rate cut, the industry interpretation that the most favorable is the previous downturn in the capital market and real estate market.

The analysis shows that China stock market has been suppressed by high interest rates before, but with the end of high interest rates, China stock market is expected to enter a broad bull market in one fell swoop. "The rise of the stock market will increase the wealth of China people, which will promote the consumption of residents and increase the direct investment of enterprises, thus further promoting the economic development of China." Teng Tai, an economist and chairman of Wanbo Brothers Asset Management Company, said.

Xu Gaodian, chief economist of Everbright Securities, believes that real estate investment will obviously benefit from this interest rate cut, and the spread between real estate and infrastructure industries and banks will narrow.

Interest rate cuts are also good for ordinary people to buy houses. According to the analysis, after the interest rate cut, the mortgage interest rate will be reduced accordingly, which will bring benefits to people who have the need to buy houses and help support the demand for self-occupied and improved housing.

Most banks "recognize loans but not houses"

Among the 25 Shenzhen banks surveyed by Rong 360, the detailed rules of the Postal Savings Bank also landed last week, except for several banks that have already realized "accepting loans but not recognizing houses". "The Postal Savings Bank said that buyers have Shenzhen hukou, the first home loan has been paid off, and the second home loan can be implemented according to the first home loan policy. The down payment is only 30%, which can provide a minimum preferential interest rate of 9.5%. " It is understood that the detailed rules of ICBC's "recognizing loans and not recognizing houses" also have the same provisions. "Buyers must be registered in Shenzhen, and the second home loan can only be implemented after the first home loan is settled."

According to the monitoring data of Rong360, banks such as Minsheng Bank, China Bank, China Everbright Bank, Bank of Communications, China Construction Bank and Industrial Bank paid off the first home loan without considering the household registration problem, and the second home loan was implemented according to the first home loan.

Small Cash Loan Market and Product Analysis

In recent years, with the rapid development of internet finance, various industries have been pushed to the forefront in the past year or two. First, because of its development, it has filled the gap in the financial industry and practiced inclusive finance's philosophy; Secondly, high interest rates and industry irregularities have caused various questions. It is the small cash loan industry.

Yu 'ebao was born on 20 13, which promoted the rapid development of Internet finance industry. The essence of finance is capital connection, and Internet finance is no exception, with one end connected to borrowers and the other end connected to investors. Yu 'ebao makes "national financial management" possible; The cash loan industry can be said to make it possible for the whole people to borrow.

Without delay, let's solve the mystery of the cash loan industry and analyze the excellent cash loan products on the market.

Cash loan is the abbreviation of cash loan business, which is an unsecured, unsecured and scene-free credit loan granted to natural persons. The loan method and repayment method are flexible and convenient, and the approval is timely and fast. Generally speaking, cash loan refers to short-term cash loan business, that is, personal credit with a loan term of 6 months or less and a loan amount of 6,543,800 yuan or less.

According to the types of cash loans on the market at present, it can be divided into four categories: borrowing and repayment, ultra-short-term loans (similar to foreign payday loans), short-term loans and medium-term loans.

According to Baidu search index, the cash loan industry began to flourish in 20 15 and reached its peak in 20 16. 20 17 with the tightening of supervision, the industry is facing big waves.

It is inevitable that the cash loan industry will allow those long-tail users who cannot be served by banks to enjoy financial services. Before the emergence of internet finance, "private lending" was the embryonic form of cash loans. Cash loan solves the urgent need of users' funds and is deeply loved by users in market segments. At the same time, cash loans have been questioned recently, all kinds of negative news have emerged one after another, and the supervision has struck hard, and a reshuffle is coming. It is not necessarily a good thing for excellent cash loan enterprises. All that remains is gold.

At present, the cash loan industry is mixed, and there are 2345 loan king, cash bus, mobile phone loan, pat loan and pleasant loan in the market. This paper focuses on the analysis of ultra-short-term small cash loan industry. Strictly speaking, pleasant loans do not belong to the category of ultra-short-term loans. Although the borrower of auction loan belongs to the category, it can not be regarded as a small cash loan industry because of its many comprehensive businesses, which is beyond the scope of this paper.

Before the analysis, we have a preliminary understanding of these three enterprises.

Mobile phone loan is an intelligent micro-credit product under Qianlong Finance, which is based on the intelligent risk control system of big data, cloud computing and machine learning. 20 13, 10 was established in June, with nearly 20 million registered users, which is a promising company for Sequoia Capital.

2345 Loan King is a small cash loan product under the A-share listed company 2345. In the first half of 20 17, the net profit of Lender 2,345 was more than 400 million yuan, accounting for half of the revenue of 2,345. Is a well-deserved king of gold.

Cash Bus is a full-line online loan APP based on the mobile Internet, which mainly solves the micro-loan needs of users in their daily lives. The "Cash Bus" service team uses big data and machine learning to create a fully automated process, aiming to provide users with a simple, convenient, flexible and fast new loan model.

Next, let's briefly analyze these three products from the user experience elements. The elements of user experience from abstract to concrete are: strategy layer, scope layer, structure layer, framework layer and presentation layer, as shown in the following figure:

The function point of cash loan app is very simple, and its basic functions include borrowing, authentication, binding card, progress inquiry, repayment and so on. Expand the function point, mobile phone loans are the most abundant, and mobile phone loans can be used for lightning loans and cash installment loans. Insufficient platform funds can be drained to other cooperation platforms, which is relatively large at present. The mobile phone loan lacks the function of user-initiated cash withdrawal, and cash withdrawal can only be initiated by the system. The simplest function range is cash bus, which is similar to the lightning loan function of mobile phone loan. Only loans of 500/ 1000 yuan and 7/ 14 days are provided, and the loan amount and term are limited.

Small cash loan products have simple functional structure, and the following performance layers are: mobile phone loan, 2345 loan king, cash bus.

Both mobile phone loan and 2345 loan king are top scrolling advertising spaces, which are basically routines on APP, but the advertising copy design price of mobile phone loan is ugly. Why did the designer of mobile phone loan go?

Functionally, mobile phone loans are both cash installments and single installments. At present, mobile phone loans mainly promote cash installment, and the amount and frequency of installment are also increasing. Compared with a single installment product, the installment product has lower risk, higher handling fee and higher user stickiness. The interface of 2345 Lender is relatively simple, and you can freely choose the loan amount by sliding, but the loan term is limited to 1 month. The function of cash bus products is very simple, with two amounts and two terms, and it belongs to the products that make the ultra-short-term borrowing experience the ultimate. The shorter the term of ultra-short-term products, the higher the overdue amount, but the corresponding platform income will be high (earning overdue penalty interest, etc.). )

The general path of the development of Internet finance, first, Yu 'ebao set off a wave of national financial management, then P2P companies mushroomed, and then the small cash loan industry broke out. There are hundreds of millions of cardless (credit card) users in China, and their financial needs are just needed. In my opinion, companies that can do the following can survive in the tide.

1) Understand the essential needs of users. For example, users of small cash loans first seek to borrow money, and then they can borrow money quickly. In order to be quick, there is no insight into the core needs of users.

2) Multidimensional risk control system. Intelligent risk control system based on big data, depicting loans overdue probability from more dimensions. Risk control and user experience are seesaws and need to be balanced. One of the future development directions of big data risk control is how to establish a risk control system based on high user experience.

3) Keep up with the pace of supervision. The biggest risk of internet finance is regulatory risk. Small cash loan companies need to keep up with the pace of supervision, thoroughly understand the regulatory policies, and cooperate with the transformation in time. Lucky enterprises often can't go far.

To sum up, it is six words: user, risk control and supervision.

What is the current situation and prospect of farmers' microfinance in China?

The Present Situation of Rural Microfinance in China;

From 65438 to 0994, GB model of micro-credit was introduced into rural areas of China. At first, it was only an attempt by international aid agencies and domestic NGO② to solve the problems existing in the rural poverty alleviation discount loan project started in China from 65438 to 0986. Because of its remarkable achievements, 1996 has been taken seriously by the government and entered the stage of poverty alleviation and development. ⑤ Since 2000, formal financial institutions with rural credit cooperatives as the main body began to try out and popularize microfinance, and microfinance in China began to enter the development stage of formal financial institutions. ⑥ At present, foreign aid agencies have basically formed microfinance projects with limited time; Micro-credit projects implemented by the government and providing discount loans for poverty alleviation; Microfinance projects of professional non-governmental organizations; Microfinance required by the government to be implemented by rural formal financial institutions; Five models, such as charitable or non-profit experimental microfinance projects.

Its main features and problems can be summarized as follows:

1. Almost all microfinance directly imitates the GB model of Bangladesh. In the face of poor farmers in poor areas, some projects emphasize the implementation of women, but they are not effectively combined with local reality. Some joint guarantee and loan group systems are still a mere formality, and generally speaking, Bangladeshi microfinance is not systematic. In addition, almost all micro-credit schemes are based on projects with a time limit. The design of relying on financial or domestic and foreign aid to discount interest has not established the purpose of sustainable development. Once it leaves the support of financial or international aid projects, it will be difficult to maintain and lack the ability of sustainable development. Although the sustainable development of microfinance projects has been concerned in recent years, none of them can achieve financial sustainability.

2. China's rural microfinance has always been regarded as a way to help the poor, not a special financial form, and there is no financial policy and legal system specifically for rural microfinance institutions. In practice, international aid agencies and domestic non-governmental organizations are pioneers, GB model is dominant, government is dominant, and microfinance directly implemented by rural formal financial institutions is the main body. Although the formal financial microfinance led by the government and directly implemented by rural credit cooperatives and agricultural banks started late, it has developed rapidly due to the advantages of formal system guarantee and reasonable legal and policy environment, and has now become the main body of rural microfinance in China. However, NGOs or other microfinance are still in the pilot exploration stage, accumulating experience and establishing an experimental platform for systems and methods. Not only the coverage is quite narrow, but also the institutions are generally approved by the relevant government departments rather than the central bank, which has legitimacy problems, lacks unified norms and effective supervision, and most of them wander outside the financial supervision.

3. Different from the international practice of excluding non-microfinance borrowers by appropriately raising interest rates, the China government generally stipulates that its interest rate shall not be higher than the statutory interest rate. In fact, the real interest rate varies greatly. Most of the rural micro-loans led by the government are subsidized or interest-free, and the default rate of 90 days overdue is as high as 50% ~ 70%. The interest rates of small loans such as NGOs are higher than those stipulated by the central bank, but lower than those in rural areas, and the repayment rate has remained above 90%. Therefore, the rural micro-credit led by our government is not a micro-credit with financial attributes in the strict sense in theory. In addition, the return on assets of rural microfinance loans in China is low, and the best domestic microfinance projects can only get a return on assets of 7% ~ 9%, which is far below international standards, while the return on assets of government-led microfinance is only 2%.

4. The formal financial microfinance managed by the government and the Agricultural Bank of China * * * has institutional contradictions in policy attributes and commercial operation, and the relationship between responsibility and rights is vague, with high operating costs and low loan recovery rate. Rural Credit Cooperatives and Agricultural Bank of China, with their own deposits and central bank refinancing as funding sources, carry out micro-credit with the support of local governments. ④ Although the repayment rate is good, the management and operation level and asset quality are not high, and it is very common that microfinance is misappropriated by non-microfinance borrowers in various names.

5. The service scale of microfinance institutions is small. First, the loan balance is very small. Although theoretically, each household can apply for a maximum of 3,000 yuan, in fact, it is only 500 ~ 800 yuan. Second, the coverage is small. Except for the government-led coverage of all poor towns and villages, other micro-credit loans generally serve at most 10 towns and villages, with about 5,000 regular users.

The Future Prospect of Rural Microfinance in China;

1. It must be recognized that microfinance is not only an effective way to help the poor, but also a special financial form. We should learn from international experience, standardize and adjust the criteria and methods for identifying microfinance institutions. On the basis of improving the sustainability of project-based microfinance, we will gradually transform it into institutional microfinance, ensure its financial legitimacy and standardization in legal form, and give clear policy support to build a microfinance system based on GB model.

2. Adhere to the market-based, reduce government intervention, distinguish the functions of government poverty alleviation and microfinance, liberate microfinance from single poverty alleviation, gradually increase the proportion of non-governmental organizations' microfinance, allow microfinance institutions to freely determine interest rates under legal supervision, cancel the government's discount policy on microfinance, establish a microfinance guarantee fund, create conditions for them to obtain funds from the financial market, give play to the inductive function of poverty alleviation policies, and guide all kinds of microfinance institutions to carry out commercial operation to realize government poverty alleviation and microfinance operation.

3. Combine loan support with technical services to achieve the coordination of poverty alleviation, high repayment rate and sustainable development of institutions. Provide institutional guarantee and technical support for the establishment and operation of microfinance institutions, strengthen exchanges and cooperation and personnel training, and constantly improve.

What is the interest rate of 20 15 bank loan?

The proportion of bank loans in 20 15 is as follows:

The People's Bank of China has decided to reduce the benchmark interest rate of financial institutions' one-year loans by 0.25 percentage point to 5.35% from March 20 15/day.

The benchmark interest rate for one-year deposits was lowered by 0.25 percentage point to 2.5%. At the same time, the upper limit of the floating range of deposit interest rate of financial institutions is adjusted from 1.2 times of the benchmark deposit interest rate to 1.3 times.

1, 4.35% for loans within 6 months (including 6 months)

2. 4.35% for half a year to one year (including 1 year)

3, one to three years (including three years) loan 4.75%

4, three to five years (including five years) loan 4.75%

5. Loans with a term of more than five years are 4.90%.

Precautions:

1. When applying for a loan, the borrower makes a correct judgment on his repayment ability. Design a repayment plan according to your income level, leaving room appropriately, without affecting your normal life.

2. Choose the appropriate repayment method. There are two repayment methods: equal repayment method and equal principal repayment method. Once the repayment method is agreed in the contract, it shall not be changed during the whole loan period.

3. Repay on time every month to avoid penalty interest. From the month after the loan is initiated, it is generally the repayment date of the next month. Don't cause liquidated damages because of your negligence, so that banks can't apply for loans again.

4. Take good care of your contracts and IOUs, read the terms of the contracts carefully, and know your rights and obligations.

Extended data:

The loan interest rate is the interest rate charged by banks and other financial institutions to borrowers when they issue loans. There are roughly three categories: the loan interest rate of the central bank to commercial banks; The loan interest rate of commercial banks to customers; Interbank lending rate

The "three principles" of loans refer to safety, liquidity and efficiency, and are the fundamental principles of commercial banks' loan operation. Article 4 of People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law stipulates: "Commercial banks should operate independently, bear their own risks, be responsible for their own profits and losses, and be self-disciplined, and take safety, liquidity and efficiency as their operating principles."

1, loan security is the primary problem faced by commercial banks;

2. Liquidity refers to the ability to recover the loan within a predetermined period or realize it quickly without loss of land, so as to meet the needs of customers to withdraw deposits at any time;

3. Efficiency is the basis of sustainable operation of banks.

For example, if a long-term loan is issued, the interest rate will be higher than that of a short-term loan, and the benefit will be good. However, if the loan term is long, the risk will increase, the security will decrease and the liquidity will weaken. Therefore, the "three natures" should be harmonious, so that there can be no problem with the loan.

The decisive factors of bank loan interest are:

① Bank cost. Any economic activity needs cost-benefit comparison. There are two types of bank costs: borrowing costs-prepaid interest on borrowed funds; Additional cost-the cost of normal business.

② Average profit rate. Interest is the subdivision of profit, which must be less than the profit rate, and the average profit rate is the highest limit of interest.

(3) the supply and demand of borrowing money and funds. If the supply exceeds the demand, the loan interest rate will inevitably fall, and vice versa.

In addition, the loan interest rate must also consider price changes, securities returns, political factors and so on. However, some scholars believe that the upper limit of interest rate should be the marginal rate of return of funds. The factor that restricts the interest rate is regarded as the comparison between the profit growth rate of enterprises after borrowing bank loans and the loan interest rate. As long as the former is not lower than the latter, it is possible for enterprises to borrow money from banks.