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1. What is zero inventory 1. What is zero inventory?

"Zero inventory" is a special inventory concept and an important classification concept of industrial enterprises and commercial enterprises. "Zero inventory" is a special concept of inventory, which is an important concept for the classification of industrial enterprises and commercial enterprises. Zero inventory is a concept, that is, the storage quantity of one or some items in the form of warehouse storage is very low, even "zero", that is, inventory is not maintained. The meaning of zero inventory is a storage form or a concept of storing a certain kind of goods in low quantity, even "zero", that is, not keeping inventory. A series of problems in warehouse inventory can be avoided if they do not exist in the form of inventory, such as warehouse construction and management costs, inventory maintenance, storage, loading and unloading, handling and other costs, inventory occupying liquidity and inventory aging, loss and deterioration. There are no inventory range problems that can be eliminated from the warehouse in the form of inventory, such as warehouse construction, management expenses, inventory maintenance, storage, loading and unloading, transportation and other expenses, working capital and inventory occupation, inventory aging, loss, deterioration and so on.

Zero inventory can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan implemented jit:just in time) production, adopted Kanban management in management means, and implemented pull manufacturing with unit production and other technologies, so that there was basically no backlog of raw materials and semi-finished products in the production process. Zero inventory can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan implemented jit: just in time) production, and used billboards to manage the technical pull Manufacturing of production units in order to realize that there was no backlog of basic raw materials and semi-finished products in the production process. This manufacturing process in which the former produces according to the demand of the latter not only greatly reduces the backlog of inventory and funds in the production process, but also correspondingly improves the management efficiency equivalent to production activities in the jit process. This demand for the latter to produce the former not only greatly reduces the backlog of inventory and capital in the production process, but also improves the management efficiency of production activities in this process. And the operational significance of producing zero inventory. It means that materials (including raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products) do not exist in the form of warehousing in one or several business links such as procurement, production and sales, but are in a turnover state. The significance of inventory and production level in operation means that materials (including raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products) do not exist in the form of warehousing in one or several links of procurement, production and sales, that is, they are in working condition. In other words, the key to zero inventory is not whether it is appropriate or not, and it has nothing to do with whether there is inventory, but whether the product is stored or turned over. Zero means that the key is not whether it is suitable or not, but whether it has no inventory, so the problem lies in the storage or turnover state of the product.

So the benefits of zero inventory are obvious. It seems that the benefits of zero inventory exist objectively. If enterprises can achieve zero inventory in different links, such as the reduction of inventory funds; Optimize accounts receivable and accounts payable; Accelerate capital turnover; Reduce the cost of inventory management; And avoid the risk of price reduction and unsalable sales caused by market changes and product upgrades. If enterprises can achieve zero inventory in different market segments, such as reducing the stock capital of inventory; Optimize accounts receivable and accounts payable; Accelerate cash flow; Inventory management cost; And avoid the risks of poor sales caused by market changes and product replacement prices.

2. Form of zero inventory 2. Form of inventory

Zero inventory is a special form aimed at specific enterprises, stores and workshops under the premise of sufficient social reserves. The inventory of specific enterprises, specific shops and shops is a special form to protect the society on the premise of sufficient reserves.

1. Method of entrusted custody 1.

2. Cooperative subcontracting 2. Two-way cooperation

3. Mode of action

4. On-time supply system. On-time supply system

5. Kanban method

6. "faucet mode" 6. "Click mode"

7. No stock reserve. There is no stock reserve

8. Distribution method

One of the forms of zero inventory: entrusted custody. Inventory form: entrusted custody.

Entrusted storage method: the trustee accepts the entrustment of the user, and the trustee holds the materials that belong to the user. The user can no longer keep the inventory, or even reserve the inventory, so as to realize zero inventory. Entrustment mode: Accept the entrustment of the user, and the trustee will take care of the ownership of the goods belonging to the user, so that the user does not have to keep the inventory, and even the insurance can no longer keep the inventory reserve, so as to realize zero inventory. The entrusting party charges a certain custody fee. Love requires a certain amount of escrowfee. The advantage of this form of zero inventory is that the trustee can use its own professional advantages to achieve higher-level and lower-cost inventory management, users no longer need to set up warehouses, and at the same time, they can reduce a large number of transactions between warehouses and inventory management and concentrate on production and operation. Advantages of this inventory form: through entrustment, using its professional advantages, you can achieve a higher level of inventory management and lower costs, users will no longer set up warehouses, and at the same time, there will be fewer storage and inventory management issues, focusing on production and management. However, this method of zero inventory is mainly realized through inventory transfer, which can not reduce the total inventory. However, this kind of inventory is mainly realized by transferring inventory, and it will not reduce the total inventory.

The second form of zero inventory: collaborative subcontracting inventory form 2: sub-mode collaboration

Cooperative subcontracting methods: the "subcontracting contract" method in the United States and the "downward bidding" method in Japan. Sub-cooperation methods: namely, the "separate health" method in the United States and the "lower invitation" method in Japan. It is mainly a form of industrial structure of manufacturing enterprises, and several enterprises can supply goods on time flexibly, so that the supply inventory of the main enterprise is zero; At the same time, the centralized sales inventory of the main enterprise makes the sales inventory of some subcontracting services and sales enterprises zero. Manufacturing enterprises are mainly a form of industrial structure, which may take the form of timely supply and flexible production by multiple enterprises, so that the main supplier enterprises have zero inventory; At the same time, the concentration of main business makes some sales inventory and sales service business retail sales.

In many developed countries, the manufacturing enterprise is a pyramid structure composed of a large main enterprise and hundreds of small subcontractors. In many developed countries, manufacturers are based on large enterprises and small subsidiaries with solutions, forming a pyramid structure. The main enterprise is mainly responsible for guiding the assembly and product development market, and the subcontracting enterprise subcontracts labor services, subcontracted parts manufacturing, subcontracted supply and subcontracted sales. The main business is mainly responsible for product assembly and market development guidance, divided into service enterprises, parts manufacturers, suppliers and sales. For example, enterprises that subcontract parts manufacturing can adopt various production forms and inventory adjustment forms, and ensure that the goods are delivered to the main enterprise within the specified time according to the productivity of the main enterprise, so that the main enterprise will no longer have the first-class inventory to realize the sales of salesmen or stores, and the sales of each subcontractor can be met by the centralized product inventory of the main enterprise through quotas and on-demand response, so that subcontractors can realize it. Manufacturers of subcomponents, such as enterprises, can adopt various forms of production and inventory adjustment to ensure that the production is delivered by the main enterprise to the main enterprise according to the specified time. This means that the main enterprise no longer realizes the sales quota based on inventory or through store sales. As for the form, the main enterprise concentrates the product inventory to meet the sales requirements of each subsidiary enterprise, so that the subsidiary enterprise can realize zero inventory.

The third form of zero inventory: three forms of rotating inventory: dynamic rotation.

Rotation mode: Rotation mode, also known as synchronous mode, is a form of zero inventory and zero reserve. Under the premise of careful system design, the speed of each link is completely coordinated, thus completely canceling even the temporary stagnation between stations. Dynamic turn mode: dynamic turn mode, also known as synchronous dynamic mode, is a form that makes the speed of a link fully coordinated under the premise of detailed system design, thus even canceling the temporary stagnation between zero inventory and zero reserve at the fundamental position. This method is based on conveyor belt production, extending in a wider range, synchronizing production and material supply, and realizing zero inventory through conveying system. This mode is formed on the basis of conveyor production mode, and the larger production mode is a form of material supply at the same time and supply through conveyor system to realize zero inventory.

The fourth form of zero inventory: four forms of zero inventory: time and supply system

It is not only a very difficult system engineering, but also requires a lot of investment. At the same time, some industries are not suitable for rotation. It is not only a very different system engineering, but also requires great investment to do all-round actions in the production department or between supply and production. At the same time, some industries are not suitable for wheeled mode. Therefore, the punctual mode, which is more flexible and easier to realize than the rotating mode, is widely adopted. Therefore, the widely used dynamic mode is more flexible and easy to reach the time than the circular mode. Just-in-time mode does not use a rotating system similar to a conveyor belt, but relies on effective connection and planning to realize the coordination between stations and between supply and production, thus realizing zero inventory. The way of time is not similar to the circular movement of conveyor belt system, but depends on effective planning to realize the connection and coordination between stations and between supply and production, so as to realize zero inventory. If the rotation mode mainly depends on "hardware", then the JIT supply system depends largely on "software". If the way of a round of action mainly depends on "hardware", then the time of supply system depends on "software" to a great extent.

The fifth form of zero inventory: Kanban method Five forms of inventory: Kanban method

Kanban is a simple and effective way of punctuality, also known as "calling card system" or "card system", which was first adopted by Toyota in Japan. Kanban is a simple and effective way of time mode, also known as "card summons" or "card system", which was first used by Toyota in Japan. In every process of an enterprise, or between enterprises, or between manufacturers and suppliers, a card with a fixed format is used as a voucher, and the next link specifies the supply of the previous link at its own pace and against the direction of the production process, so as to coordinate the relationship and achieve timely synchronization. In various processes between an enterprise or between enterprises, or between manufacturers and suppliers, a certificate card with a fixed format is used to reverse the direction of the production process from the next link at its own pace, and design the supply in an area, so as to coordinate the time relationship and realize synchronization. Using kanban method, it is possible to make the supply inventory zero. By means of billboards, it is possible to realize zero inventory supply inventory.

The sixth form of zero inventory: "faucet mode" Six forms of zero inventory: "waterway"

The faucet mode is a zero-inventory mode, just like the faucet that unscrews the water pipe, you can take the water surface without your own inventory. The way of faucet is like a screw to open the water pipe, which can be taken without water to keep its own inventory in the form of stock. This was first adopted by Sony Corporation of Japan. This was first used by Sony. After a certain period of evolution, this method has developed into an instant supply system. Users can put forward the purchase demand at any time and adopt the way of on-demand purchase. Suppliers assume the responsibility of immediate supply with their own inventory and effective supply system, so that users can realize zero inventory. In this way, after a certain period of evolution, the supply system has developed into real-time, users can make purchase requests at any time, and take the way of purchasing as much as possible. Suppliers manage their own supply systems and immediately assume effective supply responsibilities, which can enable users to achieve zero inventory. Materials suitable for this supply form realize zero inventory. This form is suitable for material supply with zero inventory. Mainly tools and standard parts. Mainly tools and standard parts.

The seventh form of zero inventory: the seven forms of zero: no inventory reserve

The materials of national strategic reserves are often important materials, and strategic reserves can play a huge role at critical moments, so almost all countries have strategic reserves in various names. National strategic material reserves are often important materials, and strategic reserves can play a huge role at critical moments, so almost every country carries out strategic reserves in various names. Due to the importance of combat readiness reserves, such reserves are generally kept in warehouses with good conditions to prevent their losses and prolong their storage life. Because of the importance of combat readiness reserve, people usually store it in a warehouse in good condition to prevent its loss and prolong its preservation time. Therefore, it is almost unthinkable to achieve zero inventory. Therefore, it is almost unthinkable to achieve zero inventory. Inventory-free reserve is to keep reserves, not to take the form of inventory, so as to achieve zero inventory. Non-stock reserve is to keep reserves, but not in the form of inventory, in order to achieve zero inventory. In some countries, aluminum, which is not easy to lose, is kept as a sound barrier and a roadblock. Just in case, there is no more stock in the warehouse. Some countries will lose hard-to-hit materials such as aluminum sound barriers, roadblocks and other reserves, and in some cases, the inventory kept in warehouses is no longer an example.

Eight forms of zero inventory: eight forms of inventory: distribution method

This is a comprehensive use of the above methods, using the distribution system to ensure supply, so that users can achieve zero inventory. This is to comprehensively use the above methods to ensure that the supply and distribution system can enable users to achieve zero inventory.

3. How to achieve zero inventory and some corporate strategies 3? How to do inventory, as well as part of corporate strategy.

From the concept of inventory, zero inventory is always the pursuit of various manufacturers and agents, because strictly speaking, zero inventory can not be truly realized. From the concept of inventory, inventory is always pursued by different manufacturers and agents, because in a strict sense, it is impossible to achieve zero inventory in operation. Due to the constraints of supply uncertainty, demand uncertainty and production continuity, the enterprise's inventory cannot be zero, so many merchants have determined that the safety inventory based on cost and income optimization is the lower limit of enterprise inventory. Because of the uncertainty of supply and demand, the continuity of production and many other factors, it is impossible for enterprises to have zero inventory, so many enterprises determine the cost and income, and the optimal inventory is the lower limit of safe inventory. However, through effective management, enterprises can approach zero inventory to the maximum extent. Anyway, through effective management, enterprises can maximize close to zero inventory. What we are discussing now is the real zero-inventory operation scheme in theory and the implementation degree of many merchants at present. What we are talking about is the theory and the current implementation level of public business to discuss the practical operation of the inventory scheme.

Now let's determine a premise. Now let's establish a premise. After exhausting the factors of logistics operation, the zero inventory scheme should first consider the exchange of information. From the perspective of pre-project factors, the first thing to consider in inventory logistics operation is information exchange. Because only information can be communicated in a timely, reasonable and normal way can the accurate demand and supply and demand time of materials be correctly predicted. Because only when information is communicated in a timely, fair and reasonable way can the demand for materials and the time of supply and demand be predicted correctly and accurately.

Midea, a home appliance company, has the idea that it would rather sell less than do more inventory. Home appliance companies have such a beautiful idea: they would rather sell less, not more or less inventory. This sentence reflects Midea's attitude and determination to control inventory. This reflects the attitude and determination of the United States to control inventory. Different production modes correspond to different enterprise inventory control methods, which has made several successful enterprises with classic inventory control methods in the world. Corresponding to different production methods are different inventory control methods of enterprises, which is a classic for many enterprises to achieve success in inventory control methods on a global scale. For enterprises like Dell, it is more important to control the inventory of raw materials and spare parts. For enterprises that adopt a single mode of production like Dell, the inventory control of raw materials and spare parts is the most important. Generally speaking, the inventory of any Dell factory does not exceed 5-6 hours of delivery, including the work at hand. Under normal circulation, including ongoing business, including on hand, any inventory in Dell factory will not be shipped for more than 5 ~ 6 hours. This mode is JIT mode, that is, the most punctual and economical means of production, procurement and distribution to meet manufacturing needs. This mode is JIT mode, that is, purchasing and distributing in the most punctual and economical production mode to meet the needs of manufacturers.

In order to make an accurate forecast, the information from the market can not be ignored. For the authenticity of the forecast, the information from the market can not be ignored. However, the information fed back step by step by sales channels is easy to produce "whip effect", so shortening sales channels or using information systems to enjoy information is an effective method. However, on the information level, the feedback from sales channels is easy to produce "whip effect", so shortening sales channels or using information systems can be an effective way of information sharing. Although the current sales of Midea are still along the channels from primary dealers and secondary dealers to retailers, its

Four. Conclusion four. Summary phrase

Since the birth of enterprises, it is difficult to get rid of the inventory problem. How to reduce inventory cost and improve inventory turnover efficiency has always been a difficult problem that business owners are particularly concerned about, but it is not easy to achieve. Since the birth of an enterprise, it is difficult to get rid of the inventory problem. How to reduce the inventory cost and improve the inventory turnover efficiency is always a concern of enterprise executives, and it is not easy to achieve. It is precisely because of this that the temptation of "zero inventory" is so great. Because of this, the temptation of precious "zero" is so great. At the same time, it should be noted that products can only be produced, processed and sold by the operation of the whole supply chain, and the value or price of products is determined by the cost of the whole supply chain, not just a certain link. At the same time, it should be noted that because products are produced, processed and sold based on the whole supply chain, the value or price of the whole supply chain is determined by the cost, not just a link. Therefore, the so-called "zero inventory" should be based on the whole supply chain, rather than simply transferring the inventory pressure to suppliers or branches. Therefore, the so-called "zero inventory" should be considered for the whole supply chain, rather than simply transferring the inventory pressure to suppliers or affiliated companies.

Therefore, in order to truly realize "zero inventory", the following necessary conditions are needed: first, the upstream and downstream cooperation of the whole supply chain can never be done by one enterprise alone; Second, the informatization level of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain is high enough, because zero inventory is accompanied by JIT lean production, so that "zero inventory" between supply chain partners can naturally be realized; Third, it must be supported by a strong logistics system. Therefore, in order to truly realize "zero inventory", the following necessary conditions are needed: first, it is absolutely impossible for only one enterprise to coordinate the entire upstream and downstream supply chain; Secondly, the information technology level of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain is high enough, because inventory is the accompaniment of lean production and JIT, so supply chain partners naturally realize "zero inventory"; The third is to have a strong logistics support system. Therefore, "zero inventory" is not wishful thinking for an enterprise. It depends not only on the informatization level of upstream and downstream enterprises in the whole supply chain, but also on the appropriate industrial environment, social environment and even national conditions. Therefore, "zero inventory" is not an enterprise's wishful thinking. It depends not only on the informationization level of the upstream and downstream enterprises in the whole supply chain, but also on the corresponding industry environment, social environment and even the country. Blind pursuit of formal "zero inventory" will only make strong links bully weak links and eventually destroy the balance of the whole supply chain. Blindly pursuing the form of "zero inventory" will only strengthen the weak links of cattle and eventually destroy the balance of the whole supply chain. From the perspective of actual demand and long-term development, it is the only way to realize the information linkage of the whole supply chain. From the perspective of reality and long-term development needs, realizing the linkage of the entire information technology supply chain is the only way to "zero inventory".