Our teacher previewed the text "An Unforgettable Lesson" in Grade Five, and asked for information about Taiwan Province. You can provide me with information about this article.

Taiwan Province is located on the continental shelf off the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, between 119 18 ′ 3 ″ and 124 34 ′ 3 ″ east longitude and 2 45 ′ north latitude, on the Baodao Taiwan Province

25 ″ and 25 56 ′ 3 ″. It covers an area of 36, square kilometers, including Taiwan Province Island (with an area of 35,8 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Lanyu, Pengjiayu and chiwei yu. In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province originally * * * administered five provincial cities of Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi and Tainan, and 16 counties of Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien and Penghu. Later, in 1967, the Taiwan Province authorities designated Taipei as a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan. Later, in 1979, Kaohsiung was made a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan. In addition, there is a so-called "Fujian Provincial Government", which governs Jinmen and Lianjiang (Mazu) counties.

the origin of the name

according to the well-documented historical data, the name "Taiwan Province" has only appeared for more than 3 years. However, historical records prove that people on both sides of the strait have long called Taiwan Province Treasure Island, and there are nearly ten names for Taiwan Province in history. However, different names reflect the Chinese nation's concern and expectation for Taiwan Province Treasure Island. When the state machine appeared in ancient China, China was divided into Kyushu management, and one of the earliest history books in China, Shang Shu Yu Gong Pian, recorded this historical fact. Yangzhou in Kyushu has jurisdiction over the Huaihe River in the north and the sea in the east. In the book, "Yi Yi Hui Fu" refers to Taiwan Province. In the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi (1642), Gao Gonggan majored in Taiwan Province Fu Zhi, which indicated that Yangzhou in Xia and Shang Dynasties included Taiwan Province. Japanese scholar Hideki Ozaki also thinks that "Shima Yi" is the earliest name of Taiwan Province. "Island Yi" is the first name of Taiwan Province. People's knowledge of the sea gradually increased, and people who came out of the water began to use the sea for people. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the offshore traffic developed, so many legends about the sea appeared, among which the legend of alchemist Xu Fu seeking immortality medicine for Qin Shihuang has been passed down to this day. There are three sacred mountains on the sea mentioned in Xu Fu's book, which is recorded in History of Qin Shihuang: Penglai, abbot and Yingzhou. Later generations thought that Yingzhou was Taiwan Province. Chui fook didn't come back, but there were more and more cross-strait exchanges in the years to come. As a special historical geography book, Taiwan Province was recorded in the Book of Pre-Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, records about Taiwan Province began to increase. There is such a record in the geography of the pre-Han Dynasty that there are "Dongpu people" overseas in Huiji, which are divided into more than 2 countries and "come to see them at the age of 2". Later, many scholars thought that "Dongpu" should refer to Taiwan Province. In the Biography of the Later Han Dynasty, Taiwan Province is divided into three parts, namely, East Taiwan Province, Yizhou, Central Taiwan Province and Yizhou, South Taiwan Province. In the map of Taiwan drawn by Linschoten, a Dutchman three hundred years ago, Taiwan Province was also divided into three islands. Dividing Taiwan Province into three parts shows that we have a deeper understanding of Taiwan Province. The situation in Taiwan Province was directly described during the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Soochow was located in the south of the Yangtze River, and its jurisdiction included Huiji and the southeast coastal areas. Soochow has a close relationship with overseas countries. In The History of the Three Kingdoms, it is mentioned that in the 2nd year (23 years) of Sun Quan Huanglong, he sent troops to sea for an expedition to Yizhou. Many scholars believe that Yizhou is Taiwan Province. Kuloko Shen, the prefect of Linhai County in Soochow of the Three Kingdoms, can be called the earliest Taiwan Province scholar. In his Records of Coastal Water and Soil, there is a special record of Taiwan Province, which was called Yizhou at that time, but this book has been lost, and its main contents are recorded in Taiping YuLan. Judging from the recorded contents, this is the most complete written information about Taiwan Province at that time. Of course, some people say that Yizhou at this time is a place in Guangdong or Hainan, but from the aspects of orientation, climate, topography, historical sites, products and customs, it should refer to Taiwan Province. Through the "Coastal Soil and Water Records", many mainlanders who are far away from the Taiwan Province Strait know the specific situation of Taiwan Province, which is limited but extremely rare. Emperor Yangdi, who was ambitious, did not have much record to boast about in his administration, but he had a special preference for foreign and domestic wars. Of course, he also fought against Taiwan Province, who had long been concerned by previous generations. According to the biography of Sui Shu Dongyi, Emperor Yangdi launched an expedition to Ryukyu and Qiuqiu in the 6th year of Daye (61). Where is "Ryukyu"? It has always been controversial. However, most scholars believe that Ryukyu is Taiwan Province, not Ryukyu. In any case, the Sui Dynasty knew a lot about Taiwan Province. In Biographies of Foreign Countries in the History of Song Dynasty, it is clearly recorded that Ryukyu Kingdom is in the east of Quanzhou, and there is an island called "Penghu", facing each other with fireworks. There are similar records in Zhao Rushi's Zhufanzhi, but the contents are not detailed. Many people have studied the name of Taiwan Province. Lien Chan, a famous political figure in Taiwan Province, was born in a local family, and his grandfather was the famous historian Lian Heng. Lian Heng said in his masterpiece "A General History of Taiwan Province", "Taiwan Province was originally named" Burying Injustice "and was named by Zhangquan people." Because the Minnan people in the Ming Dynasty went through all kinds of hardships and arrived in Taiwan Province, many people died of illness because of acclimatization, fatigue and hardship, and even their bones could not be transported back to their hometown after death. "Therefore, it was named' Burying Injustice'." Because "burying grievances" is unlucky, and "burying grievances" in Minnan dialect is homophonic with "Taiwan Province", it was renamed "Taiwan Province". This analysis makes sense, because immigrants do have unforgettable painful experiences. However, Mr. Lian Heng's conclusion is far-fetched, because there are many homonyms. Why use "Taiwan Province" instead of "burying wrongs"? "Burying wrongs" is unlucky, but where is "Taiwan Province" auspicious? This is not the origin of the name "Taiwan Province". Tainan is the earliest developed area in Taiwan Province, so the name of Taiwan Province originated from the name of Tainan. The Raya people who originally lived in Tainan were called "Tai Yan" or "Tai-an" when introducing Taiwan Province, while the Dutch spelled it "Tai An" and the immigrants from the mainland pronounced it "Tai-an". Therefore, due to different pronunciations, it is called "Taiwan official", "big official", "great circle", "big bay" and "great injustice" in Tainan area. Later, it was changed from "Taiwanese" in Minnan dialect to "Taiwan Province", and the referred area was also extended from Tainan to the whole Taiwan Province area. Since the Ming Dynasty, the name "Taiwan Province" has become popular. In the book Journey to the East, written by Zhou Ying, a Fujian native in the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan Province was called "Taiwan official". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), "Taiwan Province" appeared in the official documents of the imperial court. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Mei's book Ying Lian Bai Yong pointed out: Zhou Ying called Taiwan Province "a Taiwanese", "This is a mistake caused by Minnan dialect, and since then the name of Taiwan Province has entered China." The name "Taiwan Province" comes from this, which should be more objective. [1]

historical summary

After the feudal society flourished, there were many contacts between the dynasties in the Central Plains and Taiwan Province. The invention of papermaking by China people greatly promoted the spread of human culture, and of course recorded the hard work and sacrifice of Chinese sons and daughters in developing Taiwan Province, building Taiwan Province and defending Taiwan Province, as well as the historical facts of cross-strait exchanges. The first expedition to Taiwan Province took place in 23 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, the monarch of the State of Wu, sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to reach Taiwan Province, which they called "Yizhou". This was the first time that the China Dynasty had contact with Taiwan Province. Their trip to Taiwan Province lasted for one year, and in the end, due to the epidemic of diseases and acclimatization, officers and soldiers were killed or injured in nine cases out of ten, and finally they returned to the mainland with thousands of Taiwan Province residents. In fact, this kind of military expedition is not killing people and pillaging goods, but a common means for feudal dynasties to establish and consolidate the scope of rule. The Taiwan Province people brought back introduced a lot about Taiwan Province. Decades later, Kuloko Shen, the satrap of Linhai County of Wu State, wrote the book Land and Water Records of Linhai (see Volume 78 of Taiping Yu Lan) from 264 to 28 AD, based on the introduction of Wu officers and soldiers who returned from Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province residents. He called this piece of land on the sea "Yizhou is in the southeast of Linhai, and it goes to the county for two thousand miles. The land is free of snow and frost, and the vegetation is immortal. It is surrounded by mountains and all the mountains are inhabited. On the top of the mountain, there is a white stone shot by the king of Yue. The barbarians are kings, and the people of the land are divided, and they are different. " "The land is fertile, which produces both grains and fish." It also introduces the local products, people, customs, tools, historical sites, etc. Among them, "There is a white stone shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain", which proves that Taiwan Province was the territory of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The description in the book gives people an image of Taiwan Province at that time: Yizhou is 2, miles southeast of Linhai County, where the local climate is hot, there is no frost and snow, the vegetation is evergreen all the year round, the land is fertile, five grains are planted, fish is produced, fine fabrics are woven, and copper and iron are smelted. In order to preserve food in a hot climate, residents marinate fish in large pottery pots, which are not only used as delicacies for themselves, but also for entertaining guests. Marriage between men and women is decided by parents, and girls have to knock out their front teeth after marriage. Residents are divided into different tribes, each with its own land and leaders. When the leader called the people together, he struck the hollowed-out wood with a wooden stick. The sound could travel four or five miles, and the residents came after hearing it. During the war, the enemy's head was cut off and hung on the big wooden pestle in the courtyard, and it was not taken off for several years to show its meritorious service. This is the first time in the world that Taiwan Province's amorous feelings are recorded completely, and people in the Central Plains have a definite and clear understanding of Taiwan Province. In the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yangdi sent Yu Zhukuan, a feather rider, and He Man, a marine, to Taiwan Province, which was called "Liu Qiu" at that time. Because of the language barrier, he brought back a Taiwan Province native for the first time and some cloth armour for the second time. In the 6th year of the Great Cause (61), Emperor Yangdi sent Wu Benlang to send Chen Leng and Jang Jin, the doctor of the DPRK, with more than 1, soldiers, and set sail from Yi 'an (Chaozhou) in Guangdong for Taiwan Province. The local people thought it was a merchant ship of the Central Plains, which showed that mainland businessmen often went to do business at that time, and also showed that Taiwan Province people were already familiar with business and trade. It's just that Chen Ling's negotiations with the local chiefs were not smooth, with swords and spears at each other, and she brought thousands of local residents back to the mainland. In Changhua City, central Taiwan Province, there is a street named "Chen Leng Street", which is to commemorate this Sui Dynasty general. After a long period of evolution from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan Province also gradually increased. By the Song Dynasty, there had been more exchanges and economic activities. In order to facilitate management, management agencies were set up in the Taipeng area, and Penghu was included in the territory of Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, which was the first time in the development history of Taiwan Province. Taiwan and Pengzhou were formally incorporated into the territory of the Song Dynasty. Although dynasties changed and emperors changed in the next thousand years, the ownership of Taiwan Province never changed. It was the Yuan Dynasty that Chinese minorities first controlled the Central Plains. After the Yuan Dynasty controlled the Central Plains, it was customary to March into the territory that had never been reached. Therefore, in October of the 28th year of Zhiyuan (1291), Yang Xiang, the vice-president of seagoing vessels, was sent as the Xuanfu envoy, and together with Wu Zhidou, a foreign minister of the Ministry of Rites, and Ruanjian, a foreign minister of the Ministry of War, more than 6, people marched into Taiwan Province. Because of the language barrier and lack of navigation knowledge, I returned in vain. By 1335, the Yuan Dynasty formally established the "Inspection Department" in Penghu. Inspection department, the level is not high, belonging to the nine categories. "Professional patrol, special capture", catching criminals, and running salt courses, but this is the first administrative law enforcement agency sent by the central government to Taiwan and Pengzhou. Since then, the central dynasty began to send personnel to manage the Taipeng area. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a traveler named Wang Dayuan. He traveled to many places, took a merchant ship to Taiwan Province and Penghu during the Zhengzheng period, and then wrote "A Brief Introduction to the Island". Taiwan Province said in the book: "The terrain is dome-shaped, the trees are embracing, the soil is fertile and fertile, and it is suitable for farming. The climate is getting warmer, real estate in gold placer, millet, sulfur, yellow wax, deer and leopard ... overseas countries, the cover began here. " From people's travel to Taiwan Province and cross-strait business activities, we can see that there were many exchanges between Taiwan Province and the mainland at that time, which had become complementary economic activities and daily social exchanges. Zheng Chenggong

The maritime ban policy of the Ming Dynasty led to the prevalence of pirates in the southeast coast. In order to protect the coastal areas from pirates, the Ming court stationed troops in Keelung and Danshui Port to prevent pirates from using the Taipeng area as a base to harass the southeast coast. This is the first time that the central government has stationed troops on the island to defend coastal defense. There is a special product "Three Treasures of Ginger" in Fengshan, Kaohsiung, which was left by Zheng He when he arrived in Taiwan Province in the Ming Dynasty. This is the first large-scale caravan that the Central Plains arrived in Taiwan Province. In order to defend Taiwan Province, in the later years, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province and Emperor Kangxi unified Taiwan Province and other major military activities. In 1683, after the Qing government unified Taiwan Province, the Taiwanese government was formally established in Taiwan Province, with jurisdiction over Taiwan Province, Fengshan and Zhuluo counties. Taiwan government is under the jurisdiction of Fujian province, and later changed to 2 governments, 8 counties and 4 halls. The Qing government has established a complete ruling organization and system for effective management in Taiwan Province. Since the western colonialists invaded to the east, the United States, Japan, France and other powers have successively carried out military provocations in Taiwan Province, which has aggravated the territorial crisis in China's border areas. In this case, the attitude and manner of the upper level of the Qing government in how to govern Taiwan Province began to change, from "mainly defending against internal changes" to "mainly defending against foreign invasion". Shen Baozhen, Fujian Minister of Shipping who supervised the coastal defense affairs in Southeast Asia in the Qing Dynasty, and Ding Richang, the governor of Fujian, called Taiwan Province "the barrier of seven provinces", "the key to the North-South Ocean" and "the first gateway to China" and repeatedly emphasized the importance of Taiwan Province's position. They also recalled many times that they proposed to set up a province in Taiwan Province, so as to strengthen the official administration, effectively manage the Taiwan-Pengzhou area which is isolated overseas, and consolidate coastal defense. The proposal of setting up a province in Taiwan Province was possible under the border crisis at that time. This proposal was first put forward by Ding Richang in 1874. In November of the following year, Shen Baozhen proposed to set up a "Fujian Governor" under the name of the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, "in Taiwan Province in winter and spring, and in Fuzhou in summer and autumn". In the spring of 1876, Ding Richang, the new governor, was unable to stay in Taiwan Province as scheduled, and asked the imperial court to send another important official to stay in Taiwan Province and set up a "governor of Taiwan Province", so that the three-year "winter and spring stay in Taiwan" was changed to a single governor of Taiwan Province. Liu Mingchuan

It was not until June 1884 that the Qing Dynasty sent Liu Mingchuan, the prefect of Zhili, to take charge of Taiwan Province's government affairs and defense. No matter what film and television works describe him as, Liu Mingchuan is indeed a promising official. Shortly after Liu Mingchuan took office, the Sino-French war broke out. On the whole, China, which did not fail militarily, suffered another disastrous defeat politically. Facing the crisis, it is particularly necessary to strengthen Taiwan Province's defense. Yang Changjun, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Zuo Zongtang, the imperial minister, supervised Fujian military affairs. In July, they wrote again, demanding that "the governors should be stationed separately" and "the provinces should be divided and ruled" in Taiwan Province, Fujian. On October 12th, 11th year of Guangxu (1885), Empress Dowager Cixi, who listened to politics, decided to establish a navy at the same time. At the same time, it was decided that Zuo Zongtang should be invited to play, and Fujian's government affairs were in charge of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the governor of Fujian was changed to the governor of Taiwan Province, and the province was formally established in Taiwan Province. In 1888, the division of Fujian and Taiwan was officially realized, and Taiwan Province set up a separate province, from the original 2 prefectures, 8 counties and 4 halls to 3 prefectures, 11 counties, 4 halls and 1 Zhili prefecture, and then added Nanya Hall. The first governor of Fujian Taiwan Province was Liu Mingchuan. It was this governor who opened the door to Taiwan Province's modern economic development. History has followed the proper path to the present. After 55 years of stormy days when the Inspection Department was established, Taiwan Province became the 2th province of Qing Dynasty. The establishment of the organizational system in Taiwan Province Province is mainly to consolidate the southeast coastal defense, defend against the aggression of foreign powers and strengthen military defense; Internally, it began the process of modern industrialization, mining and postal services.