What are the customs during the Spring Festival?

As a native of Shanxi, let's introduce the Chinese New Year customs around Shanxi. Among the many festivals of the Chinese nation, the Spring Festival is the most grand and grand. Looking at the rural areas of Sanjin, the cultural heritage is profound, and the prosperous and colorful customs are still continuing. Let's taste the rich flavor and original customs from northern Shaanxi to southern Shaanxi, and experience the lingering Chinese New Year complex. The first important activity on the first day of the first month of the first year is to meet God at midnight. When receiving god, the male parents led several children and grandchildren to set a table of incense in advance and lit a prosperous fire in the yard. All men kowtow to accept the gods. Sacrifice to the gods and ancestors after dawn. Parents lead the whole family to light wax, worship incense, sacrifice and worship God in turn, and kneel for three times and nine times. The god of heaven and earth in the courtyard is called the god among gods. The shrine says "Three realms of heaven and earth, ten spirits are really slaughtered", and the offerings are the most abundant. In northwestern Shanxi, it is customary to put five plates of stir-fried, five plates of cold dishes, five plates of dried and fresh fruits, five plates of fried snacks and five plates of special steamed bread, indicating that Five Blessingg has come. After the ancestor worship, on the spot, according to the size of the generation, the younger generation paid New Year greetings to the elders in turn. Paying New Year greetings is an important custom in Spring Festival activities. New Year greetings can be divided into family worship, near worship, far worship and other forms. Family worship is that the younger generation kowtows to the elders. Now most places are bowing. The recent worship is to pay a New Year call to the elders in our village who haven't taken Wufu. You should worship your ancestors before kowtowing to your elders when you enter the hospital. Farewell is a mutual farewell between relatives and friends in our village. There are many taboos on the first day of the first month. When you say auspicious words, you should be especially careful not to break the plate. In case you accidentally break the plate, don't talk, quietly pick up the pieces and throw them into the well or cellar, which means that the money won't flow out. Now, no matter during the Spring Festival or at ordinary times, people who accidentally break dishes will lose no time to say "Peace through the years". Avoid carrying water during the Spring Festival in northern Shanxi. Some places in the south of Shanxi pay attention to picking a bucket of water from outside to go home during the Spring Festival or the second day of junior high school, which symbolizes making a fortune. The second day of the second day began to visit relatives. Northern Shanxi and Jinzhong are mostly in the second day, and southern Shanxi is mostly in the third day. Datong area has the custom of receiving son-in-law on the first day of the first month. In Xinjiang, south of Shanxi, the second day is the day when her parents go to visit their married daughter, carrying food baskets and boxes when they go. A basket of fried rice and a basket of steamed stuffed buns are very heavy gifts, especially in the first year, with all kinds of designs and quite ostentatious. In-laws take gifts lightly. If you don't have in-laws, you won't take the cake. If you do, you will. Oil cakes show respect for the elderly. The gift is usually a steamed bun. Wanrong rural regards the second day as a ghost festival, and the Annals of Wanrong County states: "On the second day, the new family lost their lives, and relatives came to burn paper. The family specially sent a string of bamboo sticks to hang the door, and all the neighbors used bamboo sticks to feed paper, which was called the' first day'." Some people stop paying New Year's greetings because they can't bear to disturb the feelings of their newly lost relatives. Today, people in Wanrong County still don't go out to worship at home on the second day of junior high school. Qixian county in Jinzhong also has the custom of marrying a daughter to worship her deceased parents on the second day of junior high school, so it is impossible to return to her mother's home to pay a New Year call on this day. On the third day, I went to my uncle's house. My niece and nephew went to visit my grandmother and uncle's parents. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as "breaking the fifth", is also called "sending the poor". In many villages in northwest Shanxi, it is called "sending the poor" to lift the kang mat, clean the kang soil and throw it away at sunrise. Southeast Shanxi is used to throwing rotten clothes and rags outside the courtyard wall. In ancient Zhuan Xu, a boy was born in Luzhong, and he cried when he put on his new clothes. He either tore his new clothes or rolled in the shit on purpose, and everyone called him "poor boy". Therefore, in some places in southern Shanxi, it is called "sending poor children" to dig out the toilets in the yard and send the feces outside the door on this day. After the fifth day, all taboos began to be lifted during the Spring Festival. After the fifth day, people began to work, and the atmosphere of the New Year became more and more sparse. The so-called "five-day holiday" refers to this. Taiyuan people are busy preparing for the New Year's Day, and the atmosphere is getting stronger every day. They have been busy until the afternoon of New Year's Eve, that is, they began to put on new clothes, put on new hats, wrapped jiaozi, and prepared incense, lamps and other items to welcome the gods. On New Year's Eve, every family stays up all night, commonly known as "old age". As soon as the rooster crows, they start burning incense, lighting lamps, offering offerings, setting off fireworks, offering sacrifices to their ancestors, and then the whole family pays New Year greetings to each other. Have breakfast before the sun comes out. After breakfast, I began to go out to pay New Year's greetings. The Spring Festival in Taiyuan dragged on for a long time, until after the 25th of the twelfth lunar month. The fifth day is commonly known as "breaking the fifth day", and there is a folk saying that "breaking the fifth day and not going out". It is convenient to travel on the sixth day, and residents will not visit their relatives until the opening of the sixth day business. The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is commonly known as People's Day. As the saying goes, sunny days are good for population reproduction. 13 to 16 is the Lantern Festival, which is brightly lit and lively at night, commonly known as the "Lantern Festival". Twenty is commonly known as "small jiacang" and twenty-five is "old jiacang". East and west rice markets set up the position of warehouse officials, and people went to sacrifice and sparked off sparks. After the Tianzang Festival, the excitement during the Spring Festival is over. Farmers in suburban counties have a unique way to celebrate the New Year. In Jinyang area, there will be a big fire on New Year's Eve, with a bunch of grass and cypress leaves on the door. Wanghuo built a tower with charcoal blocks, and the midnight bell rang, igniting Wanghuo and illuminating the whole village, symbolizing the "Wanghuo" life. On the first day of the new year, there is a custom of eating boiled pumpkins, which is called "eating boiled pumpkins". At the end of the year, it was cooked with millet and put into a bowl to worship the ancestors, commonly known as "fishing rice every other year". Sweeping the courtyard and cleaning up the garbage on the fifth day of the fifth day is commonly known as "sweeping the poor soil". In Gujiao mountain area, activities during the Spring Festival are the most abundant. On New Year's Eve, people hang up the gods of their ancestors, and every family in the family will give a gift. At that time, there was a chicken for boys and a pot of wine for girls. On the third morning, the whole family got together to worship their ancestors. In the afternoon, send the gods to the village entrance, face the ancestors, burn incense and kowtow, and set off firecrackers, commonly known as "send the gods". The custom of fishing every other year is different from Jinyang. Cook half a bowl of millet for daily use at the end of the year, and put a walnut in the bowl to compete for the throne of Zaojun. It was not until the second day of February that it was poured out to dry and mixed with manure. As the saying goes, it can prevent insect disasters. January in Qingxu area is different from other places. According to the orientation of the Western God recorded in the Constitution, the cypress leaves and the Carboniferous period were placed on a long pole and stood on the house. Meanwhile, put red paper on the new broom and put it on the house. In front of the house dedicated to the gods, red paper strips and crosses were put on the Carboniferous period, and hundreds of bundles of incense were put between the two Carboniferous periods, commonly known as "tender incense", to welcome all auspicious gods. The cultural activities of the Lantern Festival begin on the 14th day of the first month. The village walks on stilts, runs dry boats, pushes floats, dances dragon lanterns, and swims in nine songs. In some large villages and towns, there are back sticks, iron bars, table sticks and elevated pavilions, which play stories of various opera characters, beautifully made, beautifully decorated and beautifully danced. Datong is rich in coal resources, which is bound to have various connections with local people's food, clothing, housing and transportation. Therefore, the role of coal has penetrated into the customs as early as ancient times, and it is a local custom to make a fire. On New Year's Eve, every family should build a tower with large pieces of coal in front of the courtyard, called Wanghuo, to celebrate its prosperity all year round. Firewood was put in it, and a big red note was written on it, "Anger to heaven". At midnight, when firecrackers are ringing, light a strong fire. After being ignited, the flame spouted from countless small holes, just like a floating picture, which is both warm and spectacular. Adults and children gather in a circle, some play games, some set off firecrackers, and men, women and children will come to keep warm in order to "soar". Nowadays, the prosperous custom has developed again in Datong. Not only during the Chinese New Year, but also during weddings and funerals on weekdays or major festivals, and some are born in winter to keep warm; Some people are lucky in summer. If the flourishing fire is large in scale and exquisite in shape, then the flourishing fire in the New Year is the most important. It has four characteristics: first, excellent coal preparation. Pre-select high-quality raw coal before the Lantern Festival, dig it out mechanically or manually, and then carefully cut it into neat squares; Second, the shape is beautiful. Master Gao Ming must be hired to turn Wanghuo into a vase with a small bottom and a big belly, a top and an empty inside. Only in this way can it burn thoroughly and not collapse. Third, it is increasing year by year. In order to achieve a better metaphor year after year, it is required to make a fire every year higher than the previous year. The specific increase depends on the expectations of the owner. Fourth, the scale is huge. Fifty or sixty huge fires are built on the streets of the city every year, and the largest one is made of 80 tons of coal and is 30 feet high, which can be described as huge. Wenxi steamed buns during the Chinese New Year, it is essential for Wenxi people to steam steamed buns, which means good luck and good luck all their lives. The production of steamed buns is very particular. First, select first-class wheat, floating dust, stones, sundries, etc. Screen with an iron sieve slightly larger than the washbasin, then pour it into a container filled with clear water and wash it carefully for two or three times, then pour it into a bamboo basket that can drain water, and then water it. This process is called condensation. It is said that refining can improve the quality of flour and is a link that cannot be underestimated. Mix a proper amount of refined flour into the fermented flour, pour in warm water and stir well, then knead. After kneading the dough, use small scissors, a small comb and other tools to officially knead the dough. There are no teaching materials, and there is no design of kneading steamed bread. They are all taught by generations of artists, and their looks are all in their minds. I saw that they had answers. After some rubbing, twisting, rolling, cutting, pinching, pulling, pressing, picking and rolling, flowers, birds, insects and animals were vividly transformed from their hands. Once the shape is set, the next step is to wake up the bun, that is, to weaken it. Put the kneaded dough plastic products into a kang cage, cover them with a cotton mattress, keep a certain temperature, and steam them in a pot after being inflated. The steaming process is also very learned. Like China's martial arts, there is a set of methods, such as what water is opened on the cage, the cage is sealed, the fire is filled with gas, the steam is divided into large and small parts, and the gas is released from the cage. When you come out of the cage, you should color the food while it is hot, so that the color is bright and not easy to fade. When you are ready to dry, you should use a bamboo stick to combine the auxiliary part with the foil petals. In this way, after stippling, painting, combining and matching, the flour products just sketched out have red leaves and green flowers, Fengxiang fish swimming, snakes roaring and lifelike. Hongtong Temple Fair is the most lively. Most people in Hongdong began to set off all kinds of fireworks at the turn of New Year's Eve, which resounded through the earth. Guns in the county town keep rising and falling, and fireworks ring louder, symbolizing prosperity and good luck in the coming year. On New Year's Eve, there are also various activities-putting thousands (depending on the size of thousands, the number is 2579), setting the table of heaven and earth, resigning the old year, keeping the old year, welcoming the new year, and so on, one after another. It is said that the first day of the first month is the birthday of a broom, and people in Hongdong don't use a broom on this day, otherwise it will attract a "broom star" and bring bad luck. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. Don't throw water on the garbage on this day, for fear of breaking the money. Clean the yard before New Year's Eve and take out all the rubbish. Hongdong people also avoid knives and equipment during the New Year. On New Year's Eve, they prepared materials for three meals on the first day of the New Year's Eve. Every meal on the first day will be left with leftovers, which should be more than a year. During the Spring Festival, people are most keen on visiting temple fairs. There are more than 20 temples in Hongtong City, and the most lively places in the Spring Festival every year are: City God Temple, Laoye Temple, Fire Temple, Qianfo Temple, Lvzu Temple, Erlang Temple and Confucian Temple. The temple is decorated with lanterns and colorful incense. Children are attracted by windmills and kites made of colorful paper, tigers and rabbits made of mud, chickens and ducks made of mud, and girls' favorite "wrapping honey", boys' "glass banging" and "sugar blower" are also very popular. Guo Puyu, a folk artist in Subao, Hong Tong, is a descendant of "Sugar Blower", who uses firecrackers broken by hand, also called "smashing guns". Taigu society is in full swing, and the first thing that Taigu people celebrate the Spring Festival is to meet God. Originally, it was to welcome the gods of heaven and earth and have fun with the people, but today it has become the main symbol of welcoming the new and resigning the old. The first content is to light a fire, burn grass and set off firecrackers. Wanghuo is in the local hospital, and there is Niancao outside the door, which should be ordered by parents themselves. After getting up, you can't go out rashly. You must first light a firecracker and stick it out of the door before it explodes. This is called an open-circuit gun. Igniting a prosperous fire should be called making a prosperous fire, making a fortune and prospering. Long hair caught fire at home, so the children put on new clothes and set off firecrackers around the fire. Women tidy up the housework and arrange sacrifices for the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth. At this moment, firecrackers are ringing in every village, and the Wan Li sky is ringing. Happy New Year is the climax of Spring Festival activities. In the old customs, three kneels and nine knocks were emphasized, but now most places bow respectfully, and some only knock on one head. When the younger generation pays a New Year call to the elder, the elder smiles and accepts the gift gladly. After New Year's greetings, the elders should give the younger generation lucky money. The original intention is to protect future generations and bless health. If there is a newly-married daughter-in-law at home, the elders must give the new daughter-in-law lucky money, ranging from tens to hundreds of yuan, depending on their own economic situation. My mother-in-law also wants to give her new wife a piece of fine cloth, hoping that her daughter-in-law will inherit the needle and thread. During the Spring Festival, every family is used to eating jiaozi. Jiaozi homophonic groove is an ancient coin. Jiaozi is shaped like an ingot. Yuanbao is a large gold and silver ingot in ancient times. Eating jiaozi on New Year's Day means getting rich all the year round. People pay attention to the taboo of blowing cold air when cooking jiaozi, so they don't pull the bellows, but rely on firewood to burn. Burning firewood pays attention to burning sesame stalks. On the one hand, the sweet sound of sesame stalk burning is like a series of sounds of making a fortune, on the other hand, it takes the metaphor of sesame blossom rising day by day. Jiaozi's boiling is said to be earned, not broken. Before eating, you should fire a gun to show your knowledge. The first bowl of rice should be offered to ancestors and gods. After the whole family is seated, parents should be allowed to sit first. The first glass of wine should be made by parents. Don't leave the pot empty when you are filling rice, but leave rice for the pot, which means inexhaustible. Some people eat jiaozi with lotus seeds, which means that it has been more than a year; Jiaozi, who eats red dates, means good luck early; Jiaozi, who is eating a bag of money, said that money is booming. From the afternoon of the Spring Festival, the traditional village fire or yangko began to be formally performed. First of all, entertain in the village and pay New Year greetings from door to door. The host family will treat them with cigarettes and candy. People who suffered casualties and diseases in the last year should invite the social fire team to perform in the hospital. This is called rushing to play. People who have married their daughters-in-law and given birth to children in the last year should also invite the social fire team to perform in the hospital. This is called celebration. From Xixi and Congxi, the host's hospitality is particularly generous. Our village will go to the neighboring village for activities after the New Year's greetings until the Lantern Festival reaches its climax. People who do not participate in social fire activities engage in entertainment activities such as chess, cards and mahjong. The county will hold a Spring Festival long-distance running activity, with a large number of participants, from the elderly over 60 to the teenagers wearing red scarves, with an unprecedented degree of excitement.

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