Health guidance tips for the elderly (health tips for the elderly)

As the saying goes, an ancient family is like a treasure. The position of the elderly in our life is very important and irreplaceable. Therefore, it is important to ensure the health of the elderly. Let's summarize the little knowledge that the elderly have to know about health care.

Three highs:

Food should be rich in freshness, cellulose and protein.

Three disadvantages:

1, strenuous activities are not allowed after meals.

It is not advisable to take a bath after meals.

3, should not eat spicy food.

Three meals:

1, Breakfast: Eating enough lays the foundation for a day's calories, especially in the morning, people are full of energy and education, and need to have sufficient heat supply. Therefore, breakfast should not only be full, but also have quality. You can eat milk, eggs, soybean milk, bread, cakes, steamed bread and so on.

2, lunch is better, because it plays a connecting role, on the one hand, it supplements the calories consumed in the morning, on the other hand, it also provides heat energy for the afternoon. Therefore, we should be rich in staple food, meat dishes and vegetarian dishes.

3, three meals: should be less and not more, only the staple food can be rice porridge steamed bread, vegetables are appropriate. Because after dinner, it's usually on TV.

Some people who kill time in front of the machine have a rest after reading for a while. Due to lack of activity, blood circulation decreases after sleep. If you eat too much at night, a large amount of blood lipids will easily deposit on the blood vessel wall, causing vascular atherosclerosis. If you eat too much, the burden on your stomach will increase, and your stomach will feel uncomfortable, even if you have MUBI or can't sleep well.

Therefore, the diet of the elderly should be based on the above principles, eat less, eat well, eat less meat and more vegetables, and be light.

Four degrees:

1, hardness: intestinal peristalsis is weakened and digestive function is poor in the elderly. Rough and hard food is not easy to digest. If you eat hard food that is not cooked or easily broken, it will easily cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric ulcer and gastritis.

2, temperature: the elderly gastrointestinal mucosa is thin, glands and villi gradually shrink, very sensitive to food. If you eat food that is too hot or too cold, it will affect the digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract. If you often eat too hot food, the defense function of the esophagus will decline, which will easily increase the risk of esophageal cancer in the elderly.

3. Speed: When eating, the more fully the food is cut through the coordination of the masticatory muscles and teeth. In this way, the contact area between food and intestinal wall is enlarged, which is conducive to the decline of digestive function, if not sufficient. This enlarges the contact area between food and intestinal wall, which is beneficial to give full play to digestive juice. Old people have thin teeth and reduced digestive function. If they don't chew carefully enough, it will affect the digestion and absorption of food. Some old people only have a pair of false teeth. If they eat dates too fast, it is easy to swallow dentures into the feeding passage and stomach wall, causing upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

4, satiety: eat too much, food can not be fully digested, there will be many undigested food balls in the intestine for a long time. Bacteria produce more gas after fermentation, which makes people feel abdominal distension and discomfort. Elderly people who eat too much for a long time may suffer from gastroptosis.

2. Health knowledge of the elderly

Tips for life and health 1, often eat supper. You'll get stomach cancer. Because your stomach can't rest. You can only eat four eggs a week. Eating too much is bad for your health. 3. Chicken contains carcinogens. It's better not to eat. It is a wrong idea to eat fruit after meals. It should be eating fruit before meals. 5. Girls should not drink green tea during menstruation. No tea anyway. Eat more things that can replenish blood. 6. Drink soy milk without eggs and sugar. Don't drink too much. 7. Don't eat tomatoes on an empty stomach. It's best to eat after meals. 8.wake up in the morning. Drink a glass of water first. Prevent stones. 9. Don't eat three hours before going to bed. You will gain 10, and drink less milk tea. Because it is high in calories and oil, it has no nutritional value. If you drink it for a long time, you are prone to diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. 65,438+065,438, freshly baked bread is not suitable for immediate consumption. Stay away from the charging stand. The human body should be more than 30cm away from the bedside. Never put it on 13, 14. Drink eight glasses of water a day and ten glasses of water a day. Bladder cancer will not come 15, drink plenty of water during the day. 16 Drink less water at night and don't exceed two cups of coffee a day. Excessive drinking can easily lead to insomnia. Stomach pain 17, eat less greasy food. Because the blood in the brain needs 5~7 hours to digest and concentrate on the stomach, it is easy to fall asleep 18, after 5 pm. Eat less when eating a big meal, because your body doesn't need so much energy after five o'clock. 19, 10 Food that will make you happy: deep-sea fish. Chicken, cherry 20, lack of sleep will make you stupid. You need to sleep for eight hours every day. If you have the habit of taking a nap, you won't get old. The best sleep time is from 10 to 6: 22 in the morning. Don't drink more than one glass a day, because alcohol will inhibit B cells that make antibodies and increase the chance of bacterial infection. 23. Make capsules with cold water before going to bed (you can eat them first). People who are angry should eat more. 25. Hair loss factors: staying up late, stress, alcohol and tobacco, spicy chicken chops, spicy pots, greasy food, and over-seasoned dishes. 26. Help hair grow: eat more cabbage, eggs and beans; Eat less sweets (especially fructose). Drink a glass of lemon juice and orange juice every day. It can not only whiten skin, but also fade dark spots. Apples are always a good medicine for motorcyclists, addicts and housewives. One tablet a day can give you a clean lung. Smoking and eating vitamins (a vitamin B carotene -A) can cause cancer. Quitting smoking as soon as possible is the healthiest way. 30. Women should not drink tea in five periods: menstrual period, pregnant women, before delivery, after delivery, menopause 3 1, smoking, and the most important ones are lung cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and bladder cancer. 32. Drinking alcohol leads to cirrhosis. 33. eat areca can cause oral fibrosis and oral cancer. Containing a lot of fat, especially cholesterol, can cause gastric cancer. 35. The food is too rough and malnutrition leads to esophageal cancer. 36. Aflatoxin and nitrite in food are carcinogenic. 37. Don't smoke. Refuse to smoke secondhand smoke. 38. Drink in moderation and don't play for a long time. Don't get drunk. 39. Reduce salt consumption. Tobacco and barbecue foods 40, fresh fruits and vegetables 4 1 daily, grains and beans rich in high fiber 42, a balanced diet every day, not too much 43, keeping an ideal weight, but being fat 44, keeping a regular life and exercise 45, keeping a relaxed and happy mood 46, and correct eating habits: eating like an emperor in the morning, eating like a commoner at noon and eating like a beggar at night. Drinking a glass of water at night will keep you away from myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. According to statistics, most cerebral thrombosis is found when you get up in the morning. Medical experts pointed out that this may be caused by the lack of drinking water at night.

Lack of water in the body will increase the viscosity of blood, and the blood will be too thick and thick, which will easily lead to thrombosis and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Some elderly people will feel thirsty when they wake up after a night's sleep, which is also due to the fact that they can't replenish water in time at night and their blood is sticky.

It is reported that researchers from a university in Japan conducted a group study on male elderly people. One group got up in the middle of the night and drank 250 ml of boiled water, while the other group slept until dawn without drinking water at night, and then their blood concentrations were measured respectively. The results showed that the blood concentration of drinking water group was significantly reduced, and the risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction was also reduced accordingly.

Because the thirst center of the elderly is not sensitive to water shortage, the elderly should always drink water when they are not thirsty. Besides drinking water actively during the day, you should also drink a cup of boiled water at night to dilute blood, reduce blood viscosity and reduce the occurrence of stroke and myocardial infarction.

3. What are the guiding skills for the common health problems of the elderly?

Common mental health problems of the elderly in the community

(1) Transformation of social roles: Retirement has changed the social roles and life patterns of the elderly, and also affected their psychology.

The survey shows that people of different occupational groups have different psychological feelings about retirement. The psychological feelings of workers have not changed much before and after retirement. After retirement, they get rid of heavy physical labor, have more time to do housework, entertain themselves and make friends. After retirement, they have social security and medical insurance, so they are psychologically satisfied, emotionally stable and well adapted to society.

The psychological state of retired cadres is different. Before retirement, they had a high social status and extensive social contacts, and their life focus was on institutions and undertakings. After retirement, the focus of their lives has become family chores, and their extensive social contacts have suddenly decreased. In particular, some veteran cadres in leading positions feel very unaccustomed and uncomfortable, resulting in pessimism, depression, reluctance to meet people, impatience, anxiety, insomnia, dreaminess and other emotions, and some even affect their normal lives.

(2) Economic situation: Economy is the basis for ensuring the normal life and health of the elderly. The economic income of the elderly is generally lower than that of employees. Coupled with the rising medical expenses year by year, the life of the elderly lacks reliable protection. Especially those elderly people who have little or no income are more likely to have inferiority complex. They are afraid that once they get sick, they will have no money to pay medical bills, which will drag down their families, and they are afraid that they will be left out in the cold and will not get good treatment, thus affecting their physical and mental health.

(3) Family environment: After retirement, the elderly turn from society to family, and family becomes an important spiritual and material support. Therefore, family is of special significance to the elderly and has a great influence on their physical and mental health.

However, many elderly people live in an extremely unpleasant environment due to accidents such as widowed living alone, quarreling between husband and wife, death of relatives and friends, discord between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and sudden serious illness, resulting in many psychological problems, depression, loneliness, reticence and loss of confidence in life.

(4) Physical and mental aging: With the growth of age, physical aging and physiological function gradually decline, which is a natural law. However, for the elderly with values, ideological pursuits and optimism, they are eager to give full play to their residual heat in their lifetime, do more work for the society, exercise their mental, physical and communication skills at work, and delay aging psychologically and physically.

However, the physical and mental health of many elderly people is not ideal. They are aging or suffering from various diseases, and some of them have obviously decreased their psychological abilities such as perception, memory and thinking, which has caused some elderly people to fall into deep distress and anxiety.

Health guidance for the elderly in community

We regularly cooperate with neighborhood committees to provide health guidance to the elderly, so that they can fully realize that aging is a natural development process, face up to this life phenomenon psychologically, adjust their mentality through learning, improve their adaptability, and delay psychological aging through self-adjustment.

Encourage the elderly to participate in social activities: give full play to the waste heat, increase the opportunities to communicate with others, seek life motivation from social life, reduce loneliness, eliminate sense of loss, and satisfy the spirit and psychology of the elderly.

Guide the life rules of the elderly: go to bed early and get up early, eat regularly, ban smoking and drink less, and form good living habits.

Moderate exercise: encourage the elderly to participate in physical exercise, improve blood circulation, promote metabolism and delay aging. Such as Tai Ji Chuan, aerobics, yangko, walking, etc., each exercise lasts for 30~40 minutes.

Cultivate good hobbies: With good hobbies, the elderly can have spiritual sustenance, do what they like, live a full life every day, increase opportunities to communicate with others and reduce loneliness. Such as calligraphy, painting, chess, etc.

Cultivate a good attitude: a good attitude can make people calm down. The elderly are too happy or too sad to be influenced by the outside world. We should try our best to reduce all kinds of bad emotions and maintain an optimistic and peaceful attitude.

Pay attention to the health of the elderly: when the elderly are unwell, their families should take the initiative to care about greetings, actively seek treatment, do a good job of appeasing the elderly, and give financial help when necessary.

In short, with the aging of the social population, the physical and mental health problems of the elderly have become increasingly prominent, and the quality of life and mental health of the elderly also need to be improved. Therefore, community nurses play a very important role in the psychological care of the elderly. Community nurses must master relevant knowledge and skills, help the elderly to change their bad psychological behaviors and lifestyles, guide them to make self-adjustment and psychological adaptation, help them maintain their mental health and good quality of life, and enable the elderly to spend their old age in a state of physical and mental pleasure.

4. What are the common sense of life and health care for the elderly?

Reasonable diet

Everything in the world pays attention to balance and development, so does the human body. A balanced diet is an important way to keep healthy and ensure health care. Don't overeat, it's better to eat less and eat more, and avoid eating too much high-fat food, otherwise it will break the nutritional balance of the human body and cause adverse diseases such as health damage.

Moderate drinking

Why talk about "drinking" independently? First of all, social interaction in modern society seems to be inseparable from the wine table. The emphasis here is on the drinking of drinks. The negative effect of alcohol on human health is undeniable, and excessive drinking makes the burden on the body and kidneys increase. Whether it is vomiting or hangover, it is the best proof. Therefore, especially for middle-aged and elderly people, drinking more water and drinking less is the way to keep fit.

Drink less cold drinks, and the digestion and absorption ability of the spleen and stomach of the elderly has gradually declined, which will be attacked by summer damp heat and affect the digestion and absorption function of the spleen and stomach. If you eat cold food and drink cold drinks, it will damage your spleen and stomach. Although all kinds of cold drinks can relieve summer heat, they will have adverse effects on digestive tract mucosa, slow down the circulation of gastrointestinal fluids, weaken intestinal peristalsis and even cause convulsions. Therefore, the elderly should drink less cold drinks and eat less cold food. Old people with digestive tract diseases should pay special attention. Drink not too strong hot tea to relieve the heat and fatigue in summer.

Stay away from smoke

Smoke, one of the most taboo weapons in human health hazards, is also the most common way for people to vent their pressure. Nowadays, whenever people feel stressed, especially men, they will habitually smoke to vent. But this is very bad for health care. Especially for the elderly, smoking will greatly increase the probability of suffering from serious diseases such as heart disease and cancer, thus greatly shortening life expectancy.

Strengthen interpersonal communication and maintain a positive and healthy emotional state.

Emotion plays a decisive role in human health. It is generally reported that optimistic patients are more likely to recover than those who are always depressed. Similarly, maintaining a positive and optimistic emotional state is also of great significance to the health of the elderly. After retirement, the old people's circle of activities will become smaller and they don't need to work, which leads to self-worth being questioned and often unhappy. At this time, it is very important to strengthen interpersonal relationships, take appropriate social actions and maintain a good emotional state.

by oneself

Exercise is good for you. Not very strenuous exercise is good for your health, and it can also bring you into contact with other people. Swimming and adaptive exercise are especially recommended. Avoid strenuous exercise! Just fit!

keep early hours

Sleep is the first element of health. Sleeping time should be 265438+ 0: 00-3:00 in the morning. Because this time is a winter day, winter is the main hiding, winter is not hiding, spring and summer are not long, that is, the energy is not strong the next day. You can't run too early in the morning. Plants will not carry out photosynthesis until the sun comes out. There are harmful substances in the air!

Don't take medicine indiscriminately.

All drugs are palliative, because all diseases are wrong because they produce wrong results. If the cause of the error is not removed, the wrong result will not be eradicated. The root of health is in the heart, and all methods are born from the heart. If the heart is clean, so is the body. So if you are sick, don't go outside to beg, but rely on your own repair system to repair your own disease. In fact, people and animals are the same. Animals get sick by themselves, and so do people.

5. Common sense of nursing for the elderly

The health and longevity of the elderly have a great relationship with the quality of family basic care. It is not the primary disease that eventually leads to the death of some elderly people, but the complications caused by lack of nursing knowledge and improper nursing. It can be seen that basic nursing plays a very important role in the health of the elderly.

Rest environment for the elderly

The factors of family rest environment are:

Maintaining an appropriate indoor temperature not only makes the elderly feel comfortable and stable, but also helps the body to carry out metabolism and prevent diseases. The indoor temperature should be 18 ~ 20℃, and it can be relatively high (22 ~ 24℃) in summer to reduce the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. If the room temperature is too low, the elderly are prone to catch a cold; If the room temperature is too high, it is easy to make people tired and depressed. It should be pointed out that for the elderly with chronic respiratory diseases, too high room temperature is likely to make the elderly feel stuffy, have poor breathing and aggravate dyspnea. Cool room temperature and circulating air will make it easy for the elderly to exchange gases, increase blood oxygen concentration and improve breathing.

Humidity generally refers to the content of water in the air. The air humidity is high, and the evaporation of human body is weak, which inhibits sweating and makes people feel humid and sultry, and the elderly with cardiac insufficiency will feel suffocated. Because the evaporation of skin and breathing water decreases, the amount of urination increases, which increases the burden on the kidneys. When the air is too dry, the human body will evaporate a lot of water, causing discomfort such as dry skin, dry mouth and sore throat. In the elderly with respiratory diseases, dry air makes respiratory mucosa dry, and sputum is not easy to cough up, which increases the chance of lung infection and aggravates the condition. The optimum indoor humidity should be 50%~60%. Proper humidity will make people feel refreshed and relaxed. In recent years, it is a good way for air humidifiers to enter the home. It is also effective to increase humidity by soil methods, such as sprinkling water on the ground, putting a sink on the heater, or putting wet towels. I suggest you buy a thermometer, master the temperature and humidity scientifically, and let it serve your health.

Ventilation Patients with pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure must put their beds in the center of a ventilated room to feel that breathing is labor-saving. Similarly, fresh air is particularly important for elderly patients. Opening the window in the morning for ventilation can discharge indoor exhaust gas and make fresh air supplement. Generally, it takes 20~3 0 minutes to open the window to update the indoor air. For the frail old people, when they are ventilated, they can temporarily go to other rooms to avoid cold air. This can keep the indoor air fresh and not catch a cold.

Noise research shows that when the noise is 50~60 decibels, the average person will feel noisy. Most of the noise at home is caused by loud noise and excessive volume. Generally, old people like to be quiet. For the elderly with heart disease, quietness is a kind of treatment, and creating a quiet and elegant environment in the family is conducive to the elderly to recuperate.

Daylighting is the best room for the elderly, and indoor sunshine is particularly important for the elderly. When the sun shines, infrared rays are absorbed by the skin, which warms the deep tissues, dilates blood vessels, accelerates blood flow, improves the nutritional status of skin tissues and makes people feel comfortable. If you open the glass window and let the sun shine directly into the room, the ultraviolet rays in the sun also have disinfection and sterilization effects.

Old people should choose a hard bed, and it is best to sleep on a bed without a mattress. The height of the bed should be below the knee and the length of the calf. Too high or too low will bring inconvenience to the elderly and increase the chance of falling.

Family morning and evening care

Morning and evening care can make the elderly feel comfortable, happy and relaxed, which is conducive to the rehabilitation of diseases.

Exercise in bed: wake up in the morning, don't get up in a hurry, lie still in bed for more than ten minutes, and do necessary exercise in bed; Stretch one's limbs; Rub each other with your hands and move your knuckles; Then do "dry face washing" 20~30 times. These actions can make the elderly adapt to the physiological changes from sleep to awakening, so that the body has a relatively transitional stage, so that it will not fall down because of sudden dizziness, and it can also gradually change the frequency of breathing and heartbeat to avoid the recurrence of heart disease.

Toilet exercise: brushing teeth, gargling, washing face and combing hair are also very beneficial exercises for the elderly. When brushing your teeth, your upper limbs are active, so you should do it carefully. Cough exercise should be carried out after gargling to cough up phlegm in the respiratory tract. Cough without phlegm itself (even a few dry coughs) is beneficial to the expansion of alveoli and reduces the chance of lung infection. When washing your face, you can smooth your face and increase blood circulation. On the one hand, combing hair can increase the blood circulation of scalp, improve scalp nutrition and prevent hair loss; On the other hand, combing the hair also exercises the lifting action of the upper limbs. Comb your hair with a blunt wooden comb 100 times every morning and evening, and alternate your hands, which is very beneficial to the health of the elderly.

Outdoor sports: Appropriate outdoor sports, such as walking, jogging, doing exercises and practicing all kinds of boxing are the means for the elderly to enhance their own quality and improve their resistance. Morning exercise also laid the foundation for a day's life and work.

Bath at night: Besides repeating a set of activities in the bathroom in the morning, conditional elderly people can also take a bath before going to bed, which can dilate blood vessels in the whole body, relax muscles, reduce blood supply to the head and help them fall asleep. For most elderly people who are physically inconvenient or have no bathing conditions, soaking their feet with warm water is also very beneficial to promoting health and sleep. Old people's families should prepare a plastic bucket, fill it with warm water to their knees, and soak it for 15~20 minutes before going to bed. People who can move should rub their lower limbs with their hands, so that the blood vessels in the lower limbs will expand, the muscles will relax, and the blood circulation in the whole body will be accelerated, which can relieve fatigue. That warm and relaxed feeling can promote rest and sleep.

6. Overview of health guidance for the elderly

Summary of health guidance for the elderly:

Usually, we should avoid anger and impatience in social interaction, always maintain a good and peaceful attitude, and be positive, optimistic and sincere. As the ancients said, if you are full of qi, you will get sick, and if you are smooth, you will get rid of thousands of worries.

Avoid partial eclipse and overeating in diet. The daily food should be mixed with meat and vegetables, with moderate meat and fishy smell, both thick and thin, and often eat fruit. Fresh fruit is preferred, supplemented by hard-shelled dried fruit; Vegetables should be fresh and tender, and choose green vegetables with no pollution and plenty of sunshine. Strive for diversification of diet and scientific and reasonable diet structure.

Daily life, catering, entertainment, etc. It should be regular, especially the relatively static entertainment of chess and cards, which requires limited play and moderate enjoyment. Often sitting still and overworking will inevitably hurt your health.

To maintain good hygiene habits, Qin Ying should wash hands during the day, wash sheets and bedding frequently, change clothes frequently, wash feet before going to bed, get enough sleep, and it is best to keep 8 hours of sleep every day.

7. Common sense of daily life of the elderly

1, dressing skills:

Old people's clothes should adapt to the seasonal temperature. In hot summer, clothes should be cool, breathable, hygroscopic, wide and thin, which is conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation. It is not advisable to be too tight and too shallow, and it is not advisable to wear dark clothes.

As the saying goes, "it's freezing in the spring and autumn" has some truth. The climate changes greatly in spring and autumn, and it is cooler in the morning and evening. Old people should change clothes in time according to climate change to avoid catching a cold.

2. Choose the right close-fitting clothes:

Old people's underwear is best made of cotton textiles, not chemical fiber products. Old people's skin is easy to itch, which is caused by constant friction between the body and clothes, clothes and clothes, and skin static electricity. However, fabrics such as cotton are not easy to generate static electricity. Secondly, underwear should be washed and changed frequently to keep it clean and hygienic.

3, supplementary nutrition:

The elderly should choose nutritious food in their daily diet, which is the basic condition to ensure dietary nutrition; Food should be kept fresh, and its nutrition should be maintained during cooking and processing, which is easy to digest and absorb.

4. Pay attention to food safety:

The diet of the elderly should pay attention to safety and hygiene. As the saying goes, "the disease comes from the mouth", and it is necessary to avoid eating contaminated, spoiled, toxic and harmful foods and expired foods. In daily life, thrifty old people are often reluctant to throw away expired food and overnight dishes, which is very harmful to their health.

5, regular disinfection:

The immunity and disease resistance of the elderly are weakened, and more attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the room. In addition to describing frequent ventilation, it is also necessary to clean and disinfect regularly. At the same time, the bedroom of the elderly should pay special attention to lighting and lighting.