What kind of bug is this? Ask for detailed information.

Ladybug is the general name of the round beetle of Coccinellidae. They are small insects with bright colors, usually with red, black or yellow spots. Don't call Xiao Pang, Matchmaker, floret (referring to the 28-star ladybug, which is a pest), scarab, and even some species are commonly known as smelly turtles because their secretions have an unpleasant smell (but this is also a mixed name).

The word "lady" in the English name ladybirds (also known as ladybugs) is generally considered to imply the Virgin Mary in Catholic belief. There are more than 5000 species of ladybugs in the world, of which more than 450 species live in North America.

Basic information

Chinese name

ladybird

A polyphagous animal, a polyphagous animal.

Mandibular jaw

animal kingdom

arthropoda

ladybird

Binomial nomenclature/system

coccinella septempunctata

coleoptera

Lepidoptera insect

Latin scientific name

Ladybug (also known as ladybug)

Another name

Matchmaker, scarab, scarab, smelly turtle, Sister Hua

Ixta Insecta

subclass

Wing subclass

Appearance characteristics

The length of adult ladybugs is about several millimeters to 1 cm, which is hemispherical with short feet and antennae. The body colors are black, red, orange, yellow, brown and other gorgeous colors, and the patterns on the body will also change because of different types. The pattern of nine planets ladybug (Coccinellanovemnotata) is that there are four black spots and half spots on the orange COLEOPTERA, which is a typical color pattern of ladybug. ladybird

distribution range

Ladybug is the general name of Coleoptera round beetle. This small insect is brightly colored and often has red, black or yellow spots. The word "Lady" in the English name Lady is generally considered to imply the Virgin Mary in Catholic belief. There are more than 5000 species of ladybugs in the world, of which more than 450 species live in North America.

Fold and edit the living environment of this paragraph.

Like all wild animals, ladybugs don't have a sheltered house like humans. They can only endure all kinds of bad weather, and sometimes they hide under leaves as umbrellas against the wind and rain.

Few people know that ladybugs are also experts in swimming and diving. The netizen did an experiment in cold blood: put a ladybug on the washbasin. This ladybug can not only swim on the water, but also dive into the water and walk freely. The experiment was repeated for 20 minutes. Finally, the ladybug climbed to the edge of the washbasin, spread its sheath wings in the sun, dried them and flew away. ladybird

Living habits

The life of larvae

Ladybug larva

Ladybug larva

The life of larvae is monotonous. They wander among flowers and plants every day, madly preying on aphids. The life span of ladybugs is very short, and it only takes about one month from the growth of eggs to the adult stage, so we can find the eggs, larvae and adults of ladybugs in the garden at any time.

As time goes on, ladybug larvae eat more and more, and their bodies are round and smooth, usually black with stripes, and their bodies are constantly growing. They must break free from the shackles of old skin and start a difficult journey-molting. This process is not as simple as taking off our old clothes and putting on a big coat. Ladybugs undergo five to six molts in their lifetime, and after each molt, their bodies will continue to grow until they have enough energy to enter the pupa stage.

It will change from a weak larva to a strong adult ladybug. This is an unimaginable process. The larva's body will be decomposed and then reassembled, adjusted and decorated, all in order to welcome its brand-new life. When it finally breaks into a new adult ladybug, it has to undergo some changes, because its body is still soft and delicate, and it has not yet fully developed. It must be exposed to the sun and absorb oxygen, so that its body color will gradually deepen and the markings will gradually appear. In a few hours, it will become exactly like other adult ladybugs in the garden.

Hunting folded adults

Adult carnivorous ladybugs of ladybugs septempunctata will prey on any delicate insect. Their favorite food is aphids, but as long as they are soft and small without armor and other protective coats, they may become a good meal.

The prey will not trap itself, and the ladybug must often fly to search for the target. Ladybugs look unlikely to fly. It looks more like a medicine cabinet than a pilot. It has hard fur, and tiny and delicate wings will come out from below and dance wildly. Ladybugs are indeed a skilled aviator, and it is precisely because of their superb flying skills that they can come and go freely in every corner of the garden.

Female carnivorous ladybugs will lay a large number of eggs, usually distributed in places where aphids often appear, to ensure that their children can get the greatest chance of survival after birth. After the eggs hatch, the newborn larvae will regard the aphids around them as their delicious snacks. The appearance of larvae is very different from that of their parents. They are not equipped with thick armor, their bodies are very soft and distributed in knots, but they have some hard manes, which can play a protective role. Their jaws are strong and shaped like a pair of pliers, which can easily penetrate the body of aphids.

When adults and larvae are stimulated, they will secrete a yellowish liquid (composed of alkaloids). Although non-toxic, it has a strong pungent smell to disperse the enemy.

Fold and edit the ladybug species in this paragraph.

Introduction of folding types

There are many kinds of ladybugs, and we can find different kinds of ladybugs in the garden at any time. We can distinguish them from their colors, some are yellow, some are orange or red, and we can also distinguish them according to their size, some are thin and some are thick. But the best way to identify them is by their spots. Some ladybugs have two spots, some have nine spots, some have 12, and some don't.

There are about 500 genera and 5000 species recorded in the world. Nearly 400 species have been recorded in China. Among them, herbivorous varieties account for about 1/6. Most plant amides feed on plants of Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Compositae, some on plants of Leguminosae, Gramineae, Grape, Hydrangeaceae, Ranunculaceae, Urticaceae, Schisandraceae, Verbenaceae and Rubiaceae, and a few on ferns (Lygodium). Some of them feed on cultivated crops, such as potato ladybugs distributed in Palaearctic and eggplant ladybugs distributed in India-Malaya, which harm potatoes and eggplant; Coccinella cucurbitae distributed in India-Malaya region harms melons; Soybean ladybugs distributed in India-Malaya and Mexican ladybugs distributed in North America harm soybeans. These are important pests of cultivated crops. The fungus-eating ladybugs of ladybug subfamily feed on fungi (hyphae and spores of powdery mildew).

In addition, most of ladybug subfamily and ladybug subfamily mainly feed on aphids, while ladybug subfamily and ladybug subfamily prey on aphids, scale insects, whiteflies and spider mites; Among them, the mite-eating ladybird family specializes in tetranychus urticae and is an important natural enemy of tetranychus urticae; Cryptosporiinae preys on aphids and scale insects; Ladybugs prey on scale insects (such as scale insects, scale insects, etc. ) coated with wax, its lip base extends to both sides and front, which becomes a special structure of wax scale; Four-section ladybug subfamily and red ladybug subfamily feed on cotton aphids and scale insects, and their larvae are also covered with wax powder or wax filaments, which are similar to the feeding objects (mimicry). Among predatory ladybugs, ladybug septempunctata is a common natural enemy of aphids in Palaearctic, and cotton aphids are mainly controlled by migration and protection in China.

Since 2000, ladybug septempunctata has also appeared in the northeastern United States, and its distribution area has been expanding. Harmonia axyridis is also a common natural enemy of aphids in Palaearctic. Because of its great variation in color spots, it is used in genetic research. The Australian ladybug was introduced to the United States from Oceania in 188 to control the scale insects that seriously harmed citrus at that time. In the second year after release, the number of scale insects decreased obviously. Subsequently, it was introduced to other tropical and subtropical areas, and achieved good results in long-term control of scale insects, becoming the first famous successful example of introducing natural enemies. The little red ladybug originated in southern Asia and was introduced from Japan to Seychelles, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands and Marshall Islands in 1928 to control scale insects in Seychelles. This is also one of the successful examples of introducing natural enemies to control pests. China once transplanted scarlet ladybug to Yidu County, Hubei Province to control scale insects in citrus orchards, and achieved good results.

In addition, there are two-star ladybugs, four-star ladybugs, six-star ladybugs, double-seven ladybugs, nine planets ladybugs, ten-star ladybugs, eleven-star ladybugs, twelve-star ladybugs, thirteen-star ladybugs, fourteen-star ladybugs, twenty-eight-star ladybugs, knife-horned ladybugs, scarlet ladybugs, red-ringed ladybugs, longitudinal ladybugs, six-spotted ladybugs, bright-shield ladybugs and so on.

Main types of folding

[meat]

Ladybug septempunctata (ナナホシテント)

Representative ladybugs widely distributed in Africa, Europe and Asia. Its body length is about 8 mm and its wings are red. As the name implies, it has seven black patterns. There is no pattern difference between different individuals. Feeding on aphids and tetranychus urticae, cannibalism will occur among larvae when food is insufficient.

ナミテントウ)harmonia· Axletis (ナミテント)

Widely distributed in Asia and other places, it ranks as a representative species with ladybugs. The body length is about 7 mm, which is different from that of ladybug septempunctata. Its body color changes greatly, with 2 erythema on the black background, 4 erythema on the black background and various red and yellow patterns. Predating aphids.

Six-point ladybug (ダンダラテン 12488ト)

The body length is about 5mm, which is slightly smaller than that of harmonia axyridis. There are four red dots on the wings of the black background, and there are species similar to the pattern of different colored ladybugs, which are difficult to distinguish. Live on aphids.

カメノコテントウ)aiolocaria· Hess Pilota (カメノコテント)

Heterogama hexamaculata, also known as heterogama hexamaculata, is a large ladybug, with a body length of about 12 mm and orange patterns on the black background of its wings, so it is named after the image of turtle shell. Prey on Juglans mandshurica larvae. ladybird

Ladybug (ヒメカメノコテント)

Similar to the pattern of ladybugs, but only about 4mm in length. The food source is aphids.

オオテントウ)synonycha· Grandis (ォォテント)

Large ladybugs with a body length of about 12mm are rare. Predating scale insects.

Australian ladybug (ベダリアテントウ)Rodolia Cardinal.

A little ladybug about 4 mm long. The wings are red with black patterns. Feed on ice. Originated in Australia, it was introduced to other places to breed in order to drive away scale insects.

Red ladybug (アカホシテントウ)Chilocorus red ladybug

Feeding on scale insects. More attached to plum tree. The scientific name "rubidus" (Latin for red) is because its red line looks like a ruby.

[Mushroom food]

Cochrane ladybug (キイロテントウ)Illeis koebelei.

Also known as yellow ladybug. It is about 5 mm long, with two black spots on the chest, white background and yellow wings. Live on powdery mildew, etc.

viidia duodecimgutta(シロホシテント)

Also known as the white ladybug. It is about 4 mm long, yellowish brown with pale white spots. Live on powdery mildew, etc.

[herbivore]

Among ladybugs, only the phytophagous ladybug subfamily is herbivorous. Compared with carnivorous ladybugs, herbivorous ladybugs are characterized by dim wings.

Coccinella solanacearum (ニジュヤホシテント)

Potato ladybug (ォォニジ 125 17ヤホシテントト)

These two ladybugs are about 7 mm long and have 28 black spots on their light brown bodies. The potato ladybug, also known as the big 28-star ladybug, is slightly larger than the eggplant 28-star ladybug and has black spots. They are regarded as pests because they collectively eat eggplant and potato leaves. Among phytophagous ladybugs, the potato ladybug has the highest latitude, reaching as far north as Primorsky Krai. Ladybugs spread all over Southeast Asia from the south of Hokkaido.

ジュニマダラテント ladybug.

Found in Okinawa, Taiwan Province Province, Lan Yu and other places. Feeding on the leaves of cucurbitaceae plants.

Twenty-eight Star Insect (ミナミマダラテント)

It is produced in Yaeyama Islands, Nagano Island and Lan Yu, Taiwan Province Province.

Fold and edit the growth and reproduction section.

Ladybug is a beetle, which will go through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.

secret

The life cycle of ladybugs takes about 4 weeks, so they can reproduce several generations every summer. Larvae are slender and soft, usually gray, with blue, green, red or black spots, and feed on other insects or eggs. After the fourth instar, it attaches to some objects, and the skin of the last instar larva falls off and pupates. Large groups of ladybugs often spend the winter in the same place.

After mating, adults will crawl near food to lay eggs. After hatching, the larvae have no wings and their abdomen extends backwards. There are bumps and thorns on the body, which is very different from adults.

In beetles, the feeding habits of larvae and adults are different, while ladybugs mostly feed on the same food as larvae and adults. In addition, carnivorous ladybugs will eat other larvae or pupae when food is insufficient.

When the larvae grow to a certain extent, they pupate on the back of leaves and other places of plants. The pupa is oval with short wings, but it is close to the adult shape at this time. The abdomen will stick to the branches to avoid falling to the ground. The wings of newly pupated adults are yellow, but with the hardening of the wings, they will show characteristic patterns.

Adult ladybugs can be seen from spring to autumn. Most ladybugs overwinter as adults, and hide in groups under rocks and fallen trees in winter. The size of the group ranges from a few to hundreds or even tens of thousands.

Fold and edit the biological function of this paragraph

People often collect groups of ladybugs and sell them to farmers and gardeners to control aphids, mites, mites and other pests. The Australian ladybug (Rodoliacardinalis) was introduced to western North America to prevent the outbreak of Iceryapurchasi, which would destroy citrus orchards. The larvae and adults of social ladybugs are important natural enemies of aphids. According to statistics, a ladybug can eat 138 aphids on average every day.

There is a well-known nursery rhyme: "Ladybugs fly home/your fire, your children's playground", which is about the harvesting and burning of linden vines in Britain, which not only cleaned the ground, but also burned many ladybugs. Ladybugs are used in folk prescriptions to treat colic, measles and toothache.

The difference between folding and editing this paragraph and other topics

(1) The typical tarsal joint is hidden in four segments, the second segment is wide, the third segment is particularly small, and the fourth segment is particularly slender. The third and fourth segments are integrated and slender, called claw-attached end segments, protruding from the depression or division of the second segment; Some species degenerated from the 3rd section or healed with the 4th section, so the clawed end section was only 1. However, in the subfamily Tetrapodinae, the second section of the appendage is not particularly wide, the third section is not particularly small, and the fourth section is not particularly slender, forming a four-section type.

② It can be seen that 1 web has a back baseline behind the base node nest, and only a few of them do not have this feature.

③ The end of mandible is axe-shaped, with both sides extending to the end, or both sides are parallel to each other; If both sides are narrowed to the end, at least the front end is tapered and truncated; However, the lower jaw of ladybug subfamily must be conical, long conical, oval or cylindrical at the end.

Most ladybugs have the above three characteristics. Only minorities have these two characteristics.

Fold and edit the physical features of this section.

ladybird

Ladybug is called ladybug because it is shaped like a ladle for holding water. Its body is very small, only the size of soybeans. It is a small hemispherical beetle with hard wings, bright colors and many black or red stripes, which is very cute. In China, some areas are called "matchmakers", others are called "floret", and some areas are called "fat children" because they are chubby. When it crawls, it is steady and slow. When people grab it and put it on the palm of their hands, it will climb along the fingers to the fingertips. Then, it will spread its wings and fly away to the sky, so the Japanese also call it "Tianchong". Ladybugs have two wings. The outer layer becomes a hard shell and only plays a protective role, so it is called COLEOPTERA. There is also a thin soft wing under the sheath wing that can fly. There are many kinds of ladybugs, and the colors and stripes on COLEOPTERA are also very complicated.

Fold and edit the category and distribution of this paragraph.

ladybird

There are about 100 species of ladybugs in China, with various varieties, colors and stripes, mostly red, yellow and black, with black, red, yellow and white spots, and some have no spots at all. The stripes on the chest are also different, or there are yellow and white stripes on both sides of the whole black, or there are black stripes on the yellow and white. Ladybugs are not all beneficial insects, but some are pests. So, how can we distinguish our friends from our enemies? Common ladybugs include two-star ladybugs, six-star ladybugs, seven-star ladybugs, twelve-star ladybugs, thirteen-star ladybugs, red-star ladybugs and so on, all of which belong to beneficial insects and are our friends. These ladybug larvae can also prey on aphids, scale insects, ticks and other small insects. Only eleven ladybugs and twenty-eight ladybugs belong to pests and are our enemies. There is also a simple identification method, that is, any surface of COLEOPTERA, which is very delicate, especially smooth and shiny, belongs to beneficial insects. Those with dense fine hairs on the wings of coleoptiles are pests. No matter what color their eyes are or what stripes they have Ladybugs have strong self-defense ability. Although its body is only as big as soybeans, many strong enemies can't help it. It turns out that the joints of its three pairs of slender feet are equipped with a kind of "chemical weapon". When attacked by the enemy, the joints of three pairs of slender feet will secrete an unpleasant yellow liquid, which will make the enemy feel bad and flee in a hurry.

Ladybugs also have a set of "camouflage" skills. When it meets a strong enemy and feels dangerous, it quickly falls from the tree to the ground, shrinks three pairs of thin feet under its stomach, "plays dead and lies down" and deceives the enemy. Even so, the ladybug has an enemy that it can't deal with, and that is spiders. Because spiders will wrap the ladybug in spider silk and wait for it to die before eating. Interestingly, in this group of ladybugs, they belong to two categories: beneficial insects and pests. They live in their own territory and don't interfere with each other. Only on the boundary line between the occupied areas of the two sides, they are mixed "alive". However, there is absolutely no "hybrid" between them. Scientists observe their ecological process and find that even if they are forced to mate, only the first generation of "hybrids" will be born among harmful ladybugs, and the second generation will be infertile.

Most species of ladybugs; They all gather in the soil under the tree roots at a depth of 15-30 cm to spend the winter together. In the spring of the following year, they broke through the ground and set off. Sometimes, in the warm sunshine, groups of ladybugs are red and black, crawling around in a bustling way.

Collapse and edit this field capture

ladybird

Ladybug septempunctata has different activity places in different seasons. In winter, ladybugs overwinter between wheat and rape roots, and some overwinter in sunny clods and soil cracks. In spring, once the temperature rises above 10℃, the overwintering ladybug wakes up and begins to move, which can be seen in wheat and rape plants. In summer, with the increase of temperature and food, ladybug septempunctata proliferates. All plants parasitized by aphids and scale insects, such as cotton, willow, locust tree, elm, beans and other plants, can find ladybugs, and sometimes even gather in large numbers. In autumn, the number of ladybugs in the field decreases, and they often lay eggs on corn, radish and cabbage. At this time, the temperature is low in the morning and evening, and ladybugs are often hidden and difficult to be found. They need to be collected after 7 am and before sunset. The overwintering ladybugs don't eat or move. As long as you find it, it is very convenient to catch it, and you can catch it with your hands. Ladybugs are good at crawling and flying in other seasons. It can use its habit of feign death to quickly wrap a plastic bag around the branches where the ladybird lives, shake them and the ladybird immediately falls into the bag. Then, pull out the branches and tie the bag tightly, and you can take it back to the lab.

Fold and edit this artificial feeding

To raise ladybug septempunctata artificially, we must first solve the feed problem. You can collect natural feed-aphids in the wild, but this method requires a lot of work and is sometimes difficult to collect. Therefore, a large number of aphids are artificially cultivated to meet the consumption of ladybugs. Aphids can be cultivated artificially with broad bean seedlings. When the sub-planted broad bean seedlings are 3-4 cm tall, a small amount of aphids collected in the field are placed on the broad bean seedlings and cultured at room temperature of 20-30℃ and relative humidity of 60%-70%.

ladybird

In-15 days, aphids can multiply in large numbers, and aphids can be used as feed for ladybugs.

Put ladybugs in a glass bottle, put a piece of toilet paper at the bottom of the bottle, put a small bottle cap with wet cotton balls on the paper to keep the humidity in the bottle, cover the bottle with gauze and fasten it with a rubber band. Put 1-2 pairs of ladybugs in each bottle and feed them once a day, and you can live and reproduce normally.

Ladybug septempunctata goes through four different developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. When raising ladybug adults artificially, the indoor temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃ and the relative temperature should be controlled at 70%-80%. Adults need higher temperature when laying eggs, so they can be raised at 25℃. But the average temperature of feeding larvae is about 20℃.

Field release

After mass breeding, ladybugs can be put into the fields to help people eliminate aphids and scale insects. If there are many aphids in the cotton field, ladybug septempunctata can be scattered in the cotton field at this time. It can eat aphids.

When distributing, put ladybugs in the cotton field while walking, and put a few in several steps to distribute them evenly.

1 Grasp the release time, and it is more appropriate to release it at night. Because of the low temperature and dark light at night, ladybugs are weak and not easy to move.

2. Adults and larvae are mixed together. Because larvae have no migration ability, they will not escape, and they also have the ability to eat aphids.

Stopping feeding the day before the spread and then releasing it can reduce the migration of ladybugs.

No field management such as intertillage should be carried out within two days after release, so as not to scare ladybugs.