The latest progress of Guizhou fake vaccine incident

1, the latest news of the fake vaccine incident, involving 24 provinces and the exposure of the virus vaccine list. The 24 provinces involved in the Shandong vaccine case are: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Hunan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang.

2. It started at 20 10, and the fake vaccine mentioned a few days ago involved 18 provinces. It was last year's news, and it turned over on February 2nd today.

3. Call 12320 for vaccine information.

4. You can search the location, names and telephone numbers of hundreds of people who were off the line when a fake vaccine incident was detected by the police in Shandong.

Second, in the recent 570 million illegal vaccine case reported by the media in Shandong:

1, the problem is the second-class vaccine, not the first-class vaccine.

2. It is an illegal vaccine, not a toxic vaccine.

3. The problem is that the vaccine is not stored in cold chain, which may lead to vaccine failure.

Third, popularize some immunological knowledge and eliminate unnecessary panic:

One of the consequences of 1. vaccine not being refrigerated is that it loses immunogenicity and has no preventive immune function. However, for an epidemic infectious disease, if most people have been immunized, the source of infection is difficult to spread among people. Few people who have no immunity or no effective immunity have a low infection probability because there is no source of infection, such as polio, mumps, influenza and so on. However, there are exceptions. If an infectious disease is caused by the spread of people or animals, large-scale immunization between people cannot stop the spread of animals, such as rabies. Vaccination with ineffective vaccines will bring great danger, especially to people in rabies epidemic areas.

2. The second consequence of non-refrigerated storage and transportation of vaccine is protein degeneration, which may change the antigen structure and increase the probability of allergic reaction. However, this kind of allergy is generally type I allergy, which comes and goes quickly. If there is no allergy at the time of vaccination, it will be difficult to happen in the future.

3. The third consequence of the vaccine not being refrigerated is toxic protein, such as neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and blood toxicity, but this toxic structure generally occurs at the molecular level, not at the protein level. Non-refrigerated vaccines mainly cause degeneration in protein and change the overall structure of protein, rarely involving changes at the molecular level, so it is unlikely that non-refrigerated vaccines will become poisons directly.

4. The fourth consequence of the vaccine not being refrigerated is that the prototype vaccine of attenuated microorganisms becomes pathogenic microorganisms, such as attenuated polio virus vaccine or influenza vaccine, which is reduced to viruses that can cause polio and influenza. In general, the attenuated vaccine is treated with formaldehyde to remove toxic proteins that can destroy neurons and alveolar cells, while retaining cell-binding proteins, so it is immunogenic and non-toxic. The basic requirement of attenuated vaccine is cold chain storage. If it is not refrigerated for a long time, the attenuated vaccine may revive toxicity, that is, vaccination with such preventive vaccines can not prevent diseases, but will lead to diseases. However, for people who have been vaccinated with attenuated vaccine, because the diseases corresponding to the vaccine are all acute epidemic diseases, if they do not get sick at that time or within a short period of time, such as two weeks, they will generally not get sick again. Therefore, in view of this consequence, the key lies in future prevention. Or prevention.

To sum up, the Shandong vaccine incident is a major event, but from the perspective of immunology, people who have been vaccinated should not be overly alarmed, and those who have not been vaccinated should be alert to fear, and the government should bear the brunt. God knows whether the government can guard against fear.

4. What you need to know about vaccination!

1. What is a vaccine and how many kinds of vaccines are there?

Refers to the preventive biological products of vaccines used for human inoculation in order to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases. To put it bluntly, it is to help you prevent various diseases that may be caused by bacteria and viruses. Widely used in the prevention of pertussis (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus), rabies, hepatitis B, epidemic meningitis, polio and other fatal diseases. Therefore, when the human immune system is insufficient to cope with unknown infectious diseases, timely vaccination is the best way to resist the invasion of external pathogens.

2. At present, there are two kinds of vaccines under supervision in China:

Class I vaccine: As a class I vaccine, all vaccine varieties in the national immunization plan are declared to the vaccination plan by the vaccination unit and distributed free of charge by the state. Immunization targets are mainly children from 6 months to 6 years old who are included in the national immunization program. One kind of vaccine includes: hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, live attenuated polio vaccine, DTP vaccine, mumps vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, etc.

Class II vaccine: It can be provided directly to disease control institutions or inoculation units by vaccine enterprises with relevant qualifications. It is a vaccine that citizens voluntarily vaccinate at their own expense. In line with the principle of "who benefits, who pays", voluntary vaccination. Such as varicella vaccine, influenza vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, typhoid vaccine, bacillary dysentery vaccine, etc.

Many people mistakenly think that since the second-class vaccine is not compulsory vaccination, it is a vaccine with little effect. But in fact, the formal vaccine needs to go through clinical trials before it goes on the market, and it has certain effects. Conditional, it is recommended to vaccinate the conventional second-class vaccine.

According to police information, the 25 vaccines involved in this case are all second-class vaccines for children and adults, and no first-class vaccines are involved. After the case is exposed, the public need not panic excessively, let alone worry about the quality and safety of a class of vaccines uniformly distributed by the state; If there is a demand for second-class vaccine, we should try to choose a regular vaccination unit with qualified guarantee.

3. What problems should parents pay attention to before children are vaccinated?

Relevant persons from the Immunization Planning Institute of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention said, how to strengthen communication with vaccinators? The role of parents cannot be ignored.

Parents should take their children to a qualified vaccination clinic recognized by government departments for vaccination, and truthfully provide the vaccinators with the health status of the recipients before vaccination, so that the staff can judge whether they can be vaccinated. If you are suspicious after vaccination, you should immediately consult the vaccinator and seek medical treatment if necessary, so as to get timely and correct treatment.

Before vaccination, parents should pay special attention to whether their children have acute diseases, allergies, immune insufficiency and nervous system diseases. And vaccinate under the guidance of the vaccinator. For example, before the newborn is vaccinated, parents need to cooperate with the vaccinators, do a good job in inquiring about the newborn's health status and general health examination, and provide the newborn's health status, including whether it is full-term delivery at birth, birth weight, newborn birth score, congenital birth defects, and whether it suffers from a certain disease. So that the vaccinator can correctly grasp the contraindications of vaccination and decide whether to vaccinate.

5. Under what circumstances are children not suitable for vaccination?

Acute disease: If parents find that their child has a fever, especially if the fever is above 37.6℃, or if the child has other obvious symptoms at the same time, vaccination should be suspended. After the child has recovered and nursed back to health for a period of time, then take the vaccine. In addition, if the child is in the attack or recovery period of an acute disease, or in the acute attack period of a chronic disease, vaccination should be postponed until the child recovers.

Allergic constitution: Individual children have allergic constitution, which is easily overlooked by parents. Children with allergic constitution will occasionally cause allergic reactions and produce adverse reactions after vaccination. The so-called allergic constitution refers to children's repeated contact with a certain substance, which is easy to produce allergic reactions and corresponding symptoms, among which allergic skin rash is the most common. If allergic reactions are found in the past, vaccination should be stopped.

Immune insufficiency: It is generally believed that children's immune insufficiency after vaccination is not only worse than that of healthy people, but also easy to cause adverse reactions, especially when vaccinated with live vaccines. Severe immunodeficiency includes immunodeficiency (such as agammaglobulinemia/hypogammaglobulinemia), leukemia, lymphoma, malignant tumor, etc. If children are prone to recurrent bacterial or viral infections, often accompanied by fever, rash, lymphadenopathy and other symptoms after infection, the possibility of immune insufficiency should be suspected, and special attention should be paid to vaccination.

Nervous system diseases: It is dangerous for people with nervous system diseases to get some vaccines, so it has been proved that children with nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, encephalopathy, hysteria, encephalitis sequela, convulsions or convulsions, should be carefully vaccinated under the guidance of doctors.

6. The US Food and Drug Administration in Shandong announced the list of vaccines involved, including 12 vaccine, two immunoglobulins and 1 therapeutic biological products.

Can the vaccine still be used?

After the news broke out, I believe that everyone's biggest question is whether to get a vaccine.

First of all, the vaccines in this outbreak are all second-class vaccines.

That is, the vaccine that citizens voluntarily vaccinate at their own expense, not the vaccine that children must vaccinate, so we must strive for the normal vaccination of children.

Secondly, it should be comprehensively evaluated according to the patient's personal situation.

For example, patients bitten by animals may be life-threatening, so people should be given rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin.

However, some vaccines, such as live attenuated mumps vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae B conjugate vaccine, are only used for prevention before the disease occurs and can be injected temporarily.

Finally, the vaccine is used as an inactivated and attenuated strain of the virus for cell culture.

Some vaccines in this outbreak are cultured for a specific cell. If you have to fight, you can also consider choosing other cell culture vaccines as substitutes.

Let's see which vaccines have problems and whether there are substitutes!

12 vaccine types

Freeze-dried rabies vaccine for human use (Vero cells)

The vaccine can stimulate the body to produce immunity against rabies virus, and can be used to prevent rabies.

Indications: When bitten or scratched by rabies or other crazy animals, regardless of age or sex, this vaccine should be injected in time according to the post-exposure immunization procedure after treating local wounds.

Anyone who is at risk of being exposed to rabies virus should be injected with this vaccine according to the pre-exposure immunization program.

Alternative vaccine: human rabies vaccine (hamster kidney cells)

Inactivated polio vaccine

Inoculation of this product can induce active immunity and prevent poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus 1, 2 and 3.

Indications: Mainly used for infants, children and adults over 2 months (including 2 months).

Recommended routine immunization program: basic immunization at 2, 3 and 4 months old, 0.5 mL each time. 18 months old booster immunization (i.e. 1 booster immunization), 0.5ml each time.

Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine

Indications: It is suitable for children over 2 months to prevent infectious diseases (meningitis, pneumonia, septicemia, cellulitis, arthritis, epiglottitis, etc.) caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.. ).

It should be noted that this vaccine can neither prevent infection caused by other types of Haemophilus influenzae.

Live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine

Indications: used to prevent Japanese encephalitis.

The first injection of 0.5 ml; For 8-month-old children; 0.5 mL was injected at the age of 2 and 7, respectively, and no longer immunized.

Alternative vaccine: inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Vero cells)

Live attenuated mumps vaccine

After vaccination, it can stimulate the body to produce immunity to mumps virus. Can be used for preventing mumps.

Indications: People over 8 months old who are susceptible to mumps should be stored and transported in the dark at 2 ~ 8℃.

Freeze-dried inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Vero cells)

After vaccination, it can stimulate the body to produce immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus.

Indications: Children from 6 months to 10 years old, children and adults entering epidemic areas from non-epidemic areas are used to prevent Japanese encephalitis.

Alternative vaccine: purified Japanese encephalitis vaccine (hamster kidney cells)

Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cells)

Indications: Suitable for people susceptible to hepatitis B, especially the following people:

1. Newborns, especially those whose mothers are HBsAg and HBeAg positive.

2. Medical personnel engaged in medical work and laboratory personnel exposed to blood.

3. The basic immunization program is 3 shots, which are inoculated in 0, 1 and June respectively, and the newborn 1 shot is injected within 24 hours after birth.

Alternative vaccine: recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (yeast)

Group A and Group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine

This vaccine mainly makes the body produce humoral immune response.

Indications: children and adults over 2 years old. It can be used to prevent epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by meningococci A and C..

ACYW 135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Indications: used to prevent epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis groups A, C, Y, W 135.

Recommended only for children over 2 years old and adults at high risk in China:

Traveling or living in high-risk areas; Engaged in relevant laboratories or vaccine production; According to epidemiological investigation, there are high-risk groups in the areas where Neisseria meningitidis broke out in Y and W 135 groups.

Attenuated (live) varicella vaccine

After inoculation, the vaccine can stimulate the body to produce immunity against varicella-zoster virus, and can be used to prevent varicella.

Indications: 1.2-month-old people susceptible to varicella should be vaccinated all year round.

Oral rotavirus live vaccine

After immunization, this product can stimulate the body to produce immunity to group A rotavirus.

Indications: It is mainly used for infants aged 2 months to 3 years to prevent diarrhea caused by group A rotavirus.

Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (human diploid cells)

Indications: Inoculation of this vaccine can stimulate the body to produce immunity against hepatitis A virus, and it is suitable for the prevention of hepatitis A in susceptible people over 1 year old.

Alternative vaccine: inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (Vero cells)

Two immunoglobulins

Rabies human immunoglobulin

It is a kind of rabies antibody with high titer, which can specifically neutralize rabies virus and play a passive immune role.

Indications: Mainly used for passive immunization of patients bitten or scratched by rabies or other crazy animals.

All patients suspected of rabies exposure should be combined with rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin.

If the patient has been vaccinated with rabies vaccine and has enough anti-rabies antibody titer, he can be vaccinated again without using this product.

Hepatitis B human immunoglobulin

It is a high titer hepatitis B surface antibody, which can specifically bind with the corresponding antigen and play a passive immune role.

Mainly used for hepatitis B prevention. Applicable to:

1. HbsAg positive mothers and their babies.

2. Accidentally infected people.

3. Close contact with hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers.

1 therapeutic drug

Bacterial lysate

The bacterial antigen suspension contains antigen extracts: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae antigen clusters.

Indications: It is mainly used to prevent and treat bacterial infections of upper respiratory tract: rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc.

Drop it under the tongue to keep the liquid medicine in the mouth for a period of time, and fully mix it with saliva to make the mucosa fully absorb the medicine.