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e-commerce is still a new thing in China. The emergence of e-commerce will challenge the knowledge system, legal system, value system and social organization system formed by human beings so far. With the development of e-commerce technology, there will be many new knowledge systems, legal systems, value systems and social organization system theories based on e-commerce system. For example, under the traditional economic conditions, economics has a set of mature theories and calculation methods for the laws guiding economic activities, such as resources, commodities, values, socially necessary labor hours, and the laws of commodity exchange. These theories will no longer be applicable in the network economy environment. We will not be able to reveal the economic laws under the conditions of e-commerce with the traditional economic theory, but will be replaced by new economics under the conditions of e-commerce. The development of e-commerce should be guided by new economic theories, and the development of e-commerce promotes the emergence of new economic theories. It can be predicted that in the near future, a brand-new theoretical system of e-commerce will be established.

The laws that have been formed for a long time are all laws based on paper media and tangible goods, and the application of these laws under the conditions of e-commerce has encountered insurmountable difficulties. Most existing laws stipulate that the use of "written", "signed" or "original" documents is legally effective, which imposes some restrictions on the use of modern communication means or contains restrictive meanings. The international and domestic laws and regulations on electronic information (for example, China's new economic contract law, although it is mentioned that documents on electronic data exchange have legal effect) do not cover the whole of e-commerce, making it impossible for people to accurately grasp the legal nature and effectiveness of providing information in non-traditional written forms, and to fully believe in the security of electronic payment.

the unique operation mode of e-commerce poses great challenges to the existing business standard mode in terms of technology, finance and transaction security, and it will be difficult for e-commerce to develop normally without legal standards. It is an important task for China's current legislative work to formulate and promulgate corresponding laws in time to encourage, guide and maintain the healthy development of e-commerce. The development of e-commerce challenges the traditional legal system, which will promote the establishment of a new legal system, and the development of e-commerce depends on the new legal system to regulate it.

It is predicted that the new industrial revolution caused by e-commerce will be completed in the next 2-3 years. In this way, the e-commerce revolution takes 3-4 years from its birth to its completion, which is much faster than the previous industrial revolutions. When this industrial revolution is completed, the revolution of economic theory and legal theory will be completed at the same time, and a brand-new theoretical system under the conditions of e-commerce will be formed, such as e-commerce economics, e-commerce law and e-commerce organization.

1. Technical development of e-commerce

From the technical development trend of e-commerce, there will be the following aspects:

(1) There will be an object-oriented overall solution. This includes the extensive use of computer collaborative work technology and relying on collaborative work system (computer collaborative work closely combines computer technology, network communication technology, multimedia technology and various social sciences, providing people with a brand-new way of communication, including industry and commerce, taxation, banking, transportation, commodity inspection, customs, foreign exchange, insurance, telecommunications, certification and other departments, as well as shopping malls, merchants, corporate customers and other units to cooperate and connect with each other according to certain norms and procedures.

(2) solutions for small and medium-sized users will be developed (most of the current e-commerce platforms are B2B e-commerce solutions, and there is no good e-commerce platform for small users);

(3) There will be mobile embedded e-commerce technology that can be automatically generated. With this technology, small embedded e-commerce systems can be automatically generated in the computer systems of enterprises, departments and individuals.

(4) there will be a customizable flexible electronics business system. With this technology, users can meet the requirements of the application of e-commerce and use this system to generate a scalable flexible electronics business system that meets the requirements of users.

At the same time, with the expansion of application scope, new technical requirements will be put forward for e-commerce, and e-commerce technology may have new developments that cannot be foreseen now. For example, the combination of e-commerce and new materials, e-commerce and bioengineering technology will form new disciplines and new applications.

2. Application and development of e-commerce

The application of e-commerce has just started at home and abroad, even in the earliest United States, it has only a history of nearly ten years. Such a short time, even if it is estimated that the shortest time for the completion of this industrial revolution is 3-4 years, is relatively short, and the application of e-commerce is far from being discovered. E-commerce is bound to have a broad prospect because of its remarkable economic benefits. It can make enterprises increase economic benefits; Can make small companies that are unknown famous all over the world; Can make big companies more competitive. In short, it can greatly reduce the TOC(Total Own ship Cost) of enterprises. Therefore, the development of e-commerce is amazing and rapid (the development of e-commerce is basically in sync with the development of Internet users, and the development speed of Internet is 25% in China and more than 5% in the world). )

specifically, the application and development of e-commerce has the following characteristics.

(1) The depth of e-commerce will be further expanded

At present, limited by the level of technological innovation and application, the development of e-commerce by enterprises is still in its infancy. With the improvement of these two aspects and the development of other related technologies, e-commerce will advance in depth, and a new generation of e-commerce will emerge, replacing the current simple way of trusting "website+email". E-commerce enterprises will transition from the primary form of online stores and portals to extend their core business processes and customer relationship management to the Internet, so that products and services are closer to the needs of users. Interaction and real-time have become the same characteristics of enterprise information exchange, and the network has become the central nerve of enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management and supply chain management. Enterprises will create and form a new value chain, unite the new, old, upstream and downstream interests, form a more efficient strategic alliance, and seek greater interests together.

(2) E-commerce will rapidly penetrate into all walks of life

Advocates of E-commerce are the giants of IT industry in the world, such as IBM, HR and Microsoft. The implementation of E-commerce is firstly in the financial service industry (including banking system, stock trading system, insurance system, Amazon and other service companies selling books), followed by large multinational companies (such as DELL and General Motors). Under the condition that there are few large multinational companies in China, the giants of China's home appliance industry, such as Chunlan, Haier and TCL, are actively promoting e-commerce plans, and then traditional processing and manufacturing enterprises, retail enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, thus realizing the grafting and transformation of e-commerce to traditional industries, retail enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Finally, it will be extended to government departments, military departments, medical and health departments, education departments and other public utilities. At present, the situation of e-commerce in China is that the financial industry has been fully carried out and continuously deepened; Other service industries have not yet entered this field; Large enterprises have just begun to enter and need further development; Other applications are not yet available. The future development will be a constant need for these industries. With China's entry into WTO, e-commerce will permeate all walks of life in China, which is the inevitable and only choice for our country and all walks of life in China, and it is also a severe challenge to China's traditional economy.

(3) The geographical scope of e-commerce will expand rapidly

E-commerce technology originated in the United States, which has unique advantages in electronic information technology. The reason why the United States advocates tariff-free e-commerce activities is because American electronic information technology is the backbone of the American economy, which almost monopolizes the global market, and all transactions of electronic information technology are very suitable for online transactions. If the global e-commerce activities are tariff-free, it means that American electronic information technology can obtain a global market without borders and tariffs. From this point of view, the United States spares no effort to promote e-commerce, which has the purpose of economic colonization and technological hegemony, and all countries have to guard against it. But whether you like it or not, just like Britain in those days, whether you like English and steam engines or oppose them, English and steam engines are still independent of our will. Steam engines are popular all over the world and English has become the universal language of the world. This is the international competition of survival of the fittest and law of the jungle. It is precisely because of this that no country, whether developed or developing, is passive in its attitude towards e-commerce. Instead, it is a scramble to gain a certain advantage in e-commerce technology (the Cyberport project in Hong Kong, the super multimedia corridor in Malaysia and the electronic information port project in Singapore are the products of various countries and regions vying for the commanding heights of e-commerce) and will not be eliminated by the international community. It is precisely because of this scrambling competition and the strong support of governments that e-commerce will rapidly expand from developed countries to developing countries, including the least developed countries.

(4) E-commerce websites will have a merger boom

First of all, there are similar mergers. At present, there are tens of millions of websites, large and small, with the same or similar positioning and the same business content (especially in China). Due to limited resources, only the top websites finally won. The e-commerce of those who are in the leading position has great advantages in resources, brands, customer scale and so on. If these websites with good foundation and development prospects want to develop, they must adopt complementary acquisition strategies and form strategic alliances. Personalization and specialization are two major trends in the development of e-commerce, and each website is always limited in resources and the needs of customers are all-round, so it will be an inevitable trend for different types of websites to cooperate with each other in the form of strategic alliances.

(5) Industry e-commerce will become the mainstream of the next generation of e-commerce development

The typical feature of e-commerce entering a period of rapid development is that venture capital, website positioning, etc. will shift from the previous "big and comprehensive" mode to a professional subdivided industry business portal. E-commerce enterprises must also conduct serious market segmentation research to meet the different needs of consumers for e-commerce. The first generation of e-commerce focuses on content, the second generation focuses on comprehensive e-commerce, and the next generation of industry e-commerce will closely integrate value-added content and business platforms, give full play to the advantages of Internet in information services, and make e-commerce really enter the practical stage.

(6) E-commerce will give birth to EASP (e-commerce application service provider)

E-commerce will be the main business transaction mode in the future, but for a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, it will face a series of problems such as large construction investment, high operating cost, long effective period, unsatisfactory effect, lack of standardized application system, and continuous upgrading of software and hardware. With e-ASP e-commerce application service providers, small and medium-sized enterprises can transfer the above problems to them and just focus on their own products and services.

second, the development resistance of e-commerce

people are very optimistic about the development prospect of e-commerce, but some situations in reality are not so optimistic, which makes us have to make profound reflection and analysis, face up to all kinds of resistance in the development process of e-commerce and avoid failures and losses caused by blind obedience. The resistance of enterprises to develop e-commerce can be summarized as follows:

1. The scale of information infrastructure

The development of e-commerce can be said to depend on the scale of information infrastructure to some extent. Because e-commerce is a business activity based on information network communication, it is necessary to build necessary information infrastructure, including the construction of various information transmission networks, the development of information transmission equipment and information technology, as well as the construction of a series of information infrastructure for multimedia teaching, distance teaching, distance medical care and so on. However, at present, the development of information infrastructure in the world is extremely uneven, and the information infrastructure in developed countries has reached a relatively perfect level; However, the construction of information infrastructure in developing countries is in its infancy, and they need a lot of investment in education, energy, transportation and other infrastructure construction, so the funding gap for information infrastructure construction is also very large.

2. The popularity of information terminal equipment

The development of e-commerce depends on the popularity of information terminal equipment. After the information infrastructure is completed, it must be connected with information terminal equipment to realize e-commerce activities. Therefore, the popularity of information terminal equipment, such as telephones, personal computers and mobile phones, will become a restrictive factor for the development of e-commerce. For the above-mentioned terminal equipment, although China ranks among the top in the world in terms of total ownership and growth rate, its per capita ownership lags far behind. The development of the eastern, western and central regions of China is still extremely unbalanced, and the relative lack of information terminal equipment in the central and western regions will become a great obstacle to the development of e-commerce in this region.

3. Degree of completeness of architecture

The operation of e-commerce needs a complete e-commerce application architecture as support. The establishment of e-commerce application architecture is very important for the development of e-commerce applications. A complete e-commerce system includes at least two important functional sub-modules of security subsystem and payment subsystem, which complete the security issues and electronic payment issues in the process of e-commerce interaction. And this is also the key factor for the smooth development of e-commerce.

4. Development technology changes with each passing day

In the final analysis, the establishment of e-commerce system should be realized by using various technologies in computer science and related fields, that is, based on the architecture of e-commerce system, combined with the latest technical means and development tools, to generate a realistic and feasible e-commerce system for e-commerce applications. China is still very short of talents in this field.

5. Normalization of the market

The development of e-commerce needs a standardized market environment. However, in China, the market and its system are still not perfect and standardized, counterfeit and shoddy goods are repeatedly banned, cheating happens from time to time, market behavior lacks necessary self-discipline and strict social supervision, and the moral system of personal integrity has not been fully established. In this case, we must speed up the cultivation of the market, make it mature and standardized as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the smooth transformation from traditional commerce to e-commerce.

6. Quality of financial services

E-commerce requires payment and settlement, which requires high-quality and efficient financial services and electronic cooperation. Therefore, due to the low level of financial services and electronicization in China, China's financial industry should accelerate the pace of reform to adapt to the process of global integration.

7. Availability of network resources

The availability of network resources is mainly measured by three indicators: the number of network resources, Internet access fees and Internet access service costs. The less the number of network resources,