Russian customs

Drinking is an ancient and traditional hobby of Russians, and it is difficult to change the tradition of Russian drinking from ancient times to the present. During the ancient Ross period, Archduke Vladimir said, "For Ross, he was happy with wine and could not do without it." As we all know, vodka is a famous Russian wine, which has never been ignored in Russia since it came out. /kloc-in the 0/5th century, the first batch of brewing workshops and hotels appeared in Russia, but they developed rapidly and later became Russia's "national drink".

Russians drink the most in the world, with an average of 80-90 liters of vodka per person per year. 40% people get drunk several times a year, 24% people get drunk several times a month, only 1/4 residents have never been drunk, and 3% people drink alcohol every day.

Alcoholism has become a social problem, and its most direct harm is to destroy normal family life. According to a recent survey conducted by Russian sociologists in Russia, 43% people think that the most serious problem in family life is alcoholism. In the 1990 divorce cases in Moscow and St. Petersburg, 62% of the families divorced because their husbands drank too much.

Violence caused by alcoholism has also increased in recent years. Although the harm of alcohol is well known, it is not easy to eradicate it. There was an anti-alcoholism campaign in the former Soviet Union, but it ended in vain. So far, the Russian government has not found an effective solution to the problem of alcoholism, so it has to turn a blind eye to the increasing trend of national beverage sales.

Two or three kisses?

Russians are used to kisses and hugs when they meet. Especially when relatives or friends meet, they should kiss the cheek three times. The elder kissed the younger generation on the forehead. This custom is called "three kisses" in Russia.

Three. Bread and salt

Like many European countries, Russia has the habit of welcoming guests with bread and salt. At the ceremony of welcoming the state guests at the airport or station, a girl dressed in bright national costumes, accompanied by several girls, came forward lightly, smiled and saluted the guests, and handed him a round bread with a square towel embroidered with exquisite embroidery, and the last corner of the towel hung under the plate. The guests kissed the bread, then broke off a small piece, sprinkled some salt and tasted it to express their gratitude.

Welcome guests with bread and salt, because salt is very expensive in history. In Ross 9 ~ 1 1 century, even at the banquet held by Dagong, only the VIP table had salt. If a guest fails to taste the soup with salt at a state banquet, or drinks the soup without salt, it is a cold reception and he should "go home empty-handed".

Guests still eat bread and salt to show friendship, friendship and respect. When Russian state leaders go to other places to inspect their work, local governments often greet them with this ceremony. This etiquette is reflected in daily life, that is, there must be bread on the table, and guests must eat bread.

Fourth, we should distinguish between "you" and "you".

In Russian communication, the usage of "you" and "you" is complex and strict, and in some cases, it is just the opposite of our usage in China. Because of their age, gender, position, identity and social status, their usage is completely different. As the density relationship changes, the address will also change.

Generally speaking, between close people, it is affectionate, friendly and casual to address "you" to family, acquaintances, friends, peers and children; Calling "you" to elders and strangers shows respect and courtesy. If the address changes from "you" to "you", it shows that the relationship has made progress and reached a certain depth. On the contrary, if the address between two people changes from "you" to "you", it means that the two sides have differences and the friendship has broken down.

Sometimes, people you just know talk for a while, and then they quickly change their names to "you", indicating that they have become friends, and you don't have to be polite and polite. When a superior speaks to a subordinate, he uses "you" to express equality, friendship and trust. It is said that former Soviet President Gorbachev likes to use "you" when talking with people.

Fifth, praise should be appropriate.

Under normal circumstances, Russians can praise people's appearance, clothing, figure and manner in conversation, but they can't praise people's physical condition. This habit is different from that of China people. In Russia, it is almost impossible to hear compliments such as "you are in good health" and "you are in good health, there is nothing wrong", because in Russian habits, these words are not allowed to be said, and people think that saying them will have the opposite effect. Russians like to say "you are young" and "you don't look old", and people are willing to listen.

6. Ladies first

When the woman gets on the bus, the man should open the door for her; Give seats to women by car; Open the door for the lady when entering or leaving the door; Before and after the theater, you should take off and put on your coat for the lady in the cloakroom, and make way for the lady and find a seat when you enter the theater. When a lady passes between two rows, the man sitting should stand up and give way; Men and women should greet each other first when they meet; Men can't sit where there are no ladies; Men should walk on the left side of women when walking in the street, and must be escorted when crossing the street, and so on.

Seven, bring your own slippers to visit.

Russians often bring their own slippers when they visit other people's homes. Because you usually have to change your shoes when you enter someone's house, and the host family may have too many guests at a time, so it is difficult to prepare enough slippers. In addition, it is more hygienic to wear slippers yourself. In addition, guests can be a few minutes late, but don't arrive at the host's home in advance, which will make the host feel very nervous.

Flowers are the best gift.

Russians love flowers very much. Birthdays, festivals and being guests are inseparable from flowers. Send flowers. There is at least one branch, and there are many branches, but they must be singular, because Russians think odd numbers are auspicious and even numbers are unlucky. There are also exquisite flowers: when women's day is March 8, send acacia flowers to your girlfriend; Flowers for men must be big flowers with high stems and bright colors; Only when someone on the other side dies will even flowers be sent, that is, two or four flowers. Carnations and tulips are usually sent.

Extended data

Taboos in dealing with Russians

1. When shaking hands, avoid forming a cross.

2. There is a traditional Russian proverb that "the left is the evil master and the right is the blessing master". Therefore, whether shaking hands or returning items, it is forbidden to extend your left hand to the other party.

3. When you meet an old man, a woman or a superior, don't take the initiative to reach out and wait for the other person. Keep smiling. If your face is cold and expressionless, the other person will think it is a sign of indifference.

When addressing women, never use the word "wife", which will cause the other person's unhappiness. Have a professional title, or introduce yourself to each other and act according to circumstances.

Don't point with your finger, no matter on any occasion, Russians think it is a great insult to people. In front of people, you can't make a fist with your hand, and your thumb sticks out between your forefinger and middle finger. In Russian, this gesture is called "Gukish", which is a rude behavior of contempt and ridicule. American common gestures-thumb and forefinger touching into an "O" shape, and the other three fingers straight (OK) are indecent gestures in Russia.

6. Don't bump into each other with your shoulders when communicating. This kind of behavior usually only happens between close friends, otherwise, physical collision is extremely rude.

7. Avoid using the word "you should" in the conversation. Russians always respect personal opinions and resent others giving orders to themselves.

8. You can't say things like "You've gained weight". When friends meet after a long separation and exchange greetings, never talk about being fat or thin. Russians think this is describing it as bloated and ugly.

9. Say hello and avoid asking, "Where are you going?" This is not a polite greeting. For Russians, this is asking about other people's privacy.

10. Don't give a cigarette, give the whole box. When lighting a cigarette, it is forbidden to strike a match or light three people at the same time with a lighter. You can't smoke other people's cigarettes.

1 1. In social situations, when men and women want to leave, men should put on their coats and open the door for women, so that women can go first, not by themselves.

12. Knives and handkerchiefs are not allowed as gifts. In Russia, knives mean that friendship is broken or there will be fights and disputes between them; Handkerchiefs symbolize parting.

13. If you are thirsty, don't advise or drink on purpose. Russians are greedy, drunkards are despised, and deliberately leading others to get drunk is even more disgusting.

14. Don't say goodbye on or under the bridge. Such a farewell means leaving forever.

15. Don't kick dogs or other animals with your feet. When you meet a blocking dog when you go out, talk and drive it away. Russian dogs can understand instructions, but kicking is taboo.

Reference materials? ? Baidu encyclopedia? Russia