What are the classification and skills of stock offer?

What are the classification and skills of stock offer?

Quotation generally refers to quotation, which is divided into securities quotation, tender quotation and product quotation. So what are the skills of offer? What are the categories of offers? So today, Bian Xiao sorted out the classification and skills of quotation here. Let's have a look!

What are the categories of offers?

Securities quotation

Securities quotation is the highest or lowest price paid by traders in the securities market for a certain period of time. Quotation represents the highest price that buyers and sellers are willing to pay. The bid price is the price that the buyer is willing to buy a security, and the bid price is the price that the seller is willing to sell. The order of quotation is customarily to quote first and then quote. In the stock exchange, there are four kinds of quotations: one is shouting, the other is gesturing, the third is filling in the declaration record form, and the fourth is inputting it into the computer display screen.

According to the bidding documents and relevant regulations, the bidder shall calculate the economic documents of various expenses required to complete the bidding project according to the natural, social and economic conditions of the area where the bidding project is located, the construction organization design and the bidder's own conditions.

tender offer

Bidding quotation is the key to directly affect the success or failure of bidding and the profit of the project. There are advantages and disadvantages to quoting too high and too low. How can we win the bid with a certain profit? Here, the construction drawing budget and unit price analysis or total cost are explained.

First of all, we must have an accurate construction drawing budget. Excluding the possible management fees of the construction unit (owner), we can basically think that this budget is the pre-tender estimate of the construction unit (owner), and the construction drawing budget is generally higher than the estimated project cost, so we will quote in this respect, which is much higher than the construction drawing budget-"winning rate". How much higher than the predicted cost-"profit". We should not only consider the interests and long-term goals of the unit, but also correctly estimate the situation of competitors and decide our own quotation reasonably.

Product quotation

In international or domestic trade, the buyer asks the seller about the commodity price, and the seller comprehensively considers the cost, profit and market competitiveness of the product and quotes the feasible price. The seller's general quotation business process is cost accounting-making a printed quotation-submitting it for signature-faxing it to the customer.

What are the skills of offering sacrifices?

How can the quotation be valid? If the quotation is too high, it is easy to scare away customers, or if the quotation is too low, customers will know at a glance that you are not an expert and dare not risk doing business with you. It is not easy to quote an old customer: he will push the price down so low by his strength that when you receive his inquiry, you don't know how to quote: the quotation is too low to make money; The quotation is too high, I'm afraid he will give the order to others.

Experienced exporters will make full preparations before quoting, choose the appropriate price terms in the quotation, bargain with the buyer by using the terms of payment, delivery, shipment and insurance clauses in the contract, or take the initiative to quote by virtue of their own comprehensive advantages.

Prepare in advance

First of all, carefully analyze customers' purchase intentions and understand their real needs, so as to draw up a highly targeted quotation. Some customers regard low price as the most important factor, and quote him a price close to your bottom line at the beginning, so there is a great possibility of winning the order. Mr. Zeng of an import and export company in Guangzhou said: "We will carefully analyze customers' real purchase intentions and intentions during the period from customer inquiry to formal quotation, and then decide whether to offer them a tentative quotation (false offer) or a formal quotation (firm offer). "

Secondly, do a good job in market tracking and research to understand the latest market trends. Due to the high transparency of market information, market prices change more rapidly. Therefore, the exporter must quote the price according to the latest bank information-"follow the market", so as to make a deal. Some regular and powerful foreign businessmen have offices in China, Hongkong and China, and they are familiar with and understand the domestic and international markets and market environment. This requires the export company itself to be well informed.

Therefore, business personnel should often go to the factory to get the goods, and know the prices of some local manufacturers. At the same time, as a long-term professional company, due to its long-term business expansion in the industry, it can not only understand the history of industry development and price changes, but also make reasonable analysis and prediction of trends.

Select price terms

In quotation, the price term is one of the core parts. Because which price terms are adopted actually determines the division of responsibilities and profits between buyers and sellers, exporters should not only try their best to meet customers' requirements, but also fully understand the true connotation of various price terms and carefully choose them, and then make quotations according to the selected price terms.

Choosing to trade on FOB price is beneficial to oneself in the unstable market situation of freight and insurance premium. However, there are also many passive aspects, such as: because the importer delays the dispatch of the ship, or because of various circumstances, the ship schedule is delayed and the name of the ship is changed, which will make the exporter increase the expenses of warehousing and other expenses, or cause interest loss due to late receipt. As for the control of exporters' export goods, under the condition of FOB price, because importers contact carriers to send ships, once the goods are loaded, even if exporters want to resell the goods in transit or at the destination, or take other remedial measures, it will take a lot of effort.

Under the condition of CIF export, the problem of goods connection can be solved well, which makes exporters more flexible and operable. Generally speaking, as long as the exporter guarantees that the delivered goods are in conformity with the contract and as long as the documents submitted are complete and correct, the importer must pay. After the goods have passed the ship's rail, even if the goods have been damaged or lost at the time of payment by the importer, the importer shall not refuse to pay because of the damaged goods. In other words, the export contract concluded at CIF price is a specific type of "document sale" contract.

A shrewd exporter should not only grasp the quality and quantity of the goods he sells, but also grasp every link in the process of goods arriving at the destination and collecting the payment. We should try our best to gain some control over the loading, transportation and risk control of goods, so that the profit of trade can be guaranteed. Some large multinational companies, in order to obtain preferential conditions in transportation and insurance, require China exporters to trade on FOB basis, in order to ensure their own control. For another example, most of the goods exported to Japan are FOB prices, and it is difficult to change the price terms even if the exporters provide very favorable conditions. Therefore, whether it is to cater to the needs of buyers or adhere to their own principles, it is necessary for exporters to consider more when quoting.

In the case that the export profit is generally not very high, it is more important than ever to be cautious in every link of the whole trade process. Some domestic export enterprises have good export profits. Their practice is to quote FOB prices first when quoting abroad, so that customers can compare their own commodity prices, then consult CIF prices, and insist on arranging transportation and insurance in the domestic market. They admit that this will not only give buyers more choices, but sometimes there will be a little difference in transportation insurance.

Use contract elements

Other elements of the contract mainly include: payment method, delivery date, shipping terms, insurance terms, etc. Among the factors that affect the transaction, price is only one of them. If we can combine other factors to negotiate with customers, the price elasticity will be greater. For example, for customers in India, Pakistan and other countries or regions, sometimes the terms of a 30-day or 60-day usance letter of credit may be very attractive to him.

At the same time, the quotation can be adjusted according to the geographical characteristics of the export, the strength and personality characteristics of the buyer and the characteristics of the goods. Some customers pay special attention to price and will place an order with the cheapest seller, so when quoting, just quote him the lowest price you can quote. Some customers are used to bargaining. If you make an offer, he won't be happy if he doesn't reduce it a little. Then, you can reserve the range he wants to cut when you quote for the first time.

And if a product is depressed for a period of time, in order to grab the order, it is better to quote your lowest price directly. For seasonal goods, such as clothing, the promise of fast and punctual delivery in your quotation will undoubtedly make customers pay attention to your quotation.

You can also adjust your quotation strategy according to the different sales season or the size of the order. Ms. Meng, an import and export company engaged in the export of glass products in Shaanxi Province, said that the products they export have many varieties and specifications, so they have relatively uniform prices for different countries and regions. It is easier to reply to foreign enquiries, but they will also make some adjustments according to different seasons. In the face of scattered orders, their quotations are often flexibly grasped on the basis of ensuring the company's profits.

Win with comprehensive strength

If you have confidence in your comprehensive strength, you don't need to please customers with low prices. Mr. Zeng said: "The quotation should be as professional as possible. Try to ask some professional questions before or during the quotation to show your familiarity with the product or industry. Therefore, before quoting, on the one hand, we should consider the credibility of customers, on the other hand, we should have confidence in our products and quality. When dealing with new customers, it is very important to let them know their own situation clearly. For example, invite them to see the factory and let them know their own operation process, so that customers will make up their minds more easily when placing orders.

At the same time, from your quotation, foreign businessmen who are very familiar with the industry can perceive whether you are also an industry veteran and judge your credibility. Too low a price will make customers feel that you are untrustworthy and unprofessional. Mr. Sun said, "If the market price is around 1 10,000 yuan/square meter, you can quote the customer 6.5438+0.5 million yuan/square meter, which shows that you are a real layman or novice. Foreign businessmen are definitely not interested in similar quotations before they dare to place an order for you. So you can judge whether you are an expert by quoting. "

Finally, before making an offer to a new customer, be sure to let him know as much as possible about your company's strength and business operation mode. Only when customers have full confidence in you and your company will they consider your trading terms, which many inexperienced exporters tend to ignore. Mr. Sun believes that although many foreign businessmen compare prices everywhere, a good corporate image and reputation can help you attract and retain customers. It can be said that a good corporate image is a golden signboard to attract customers.

Select quotation channel

When doing online trade, you can quote directly. Alibaba's online quotation function is only available to "honest members".

When you are interested in purchasing information, you can directly fill in the "quotation" and send it. In order for buyers to receive your feedback quickly, you can do the following:

1. Select "SMS" in "Quotation" to send your quotation to the other party's mobile phone, or send SMS to remind the other party to check your quotation. Send your quotation information to the buyer as soon as possible to obtain further intention negotiation. So as to avoid the untimely quotation and the loss of potential customers.

2. When you receive the customer's inquiry form by email or system message, you can choose to quote directly by email or reply to the message.

You can use Tradelink to make online quotation in time to seize business opportunities.

1) If the buyer who makes an inquiry to you is "online", you can negotiate with him immediately. Further understand each other's purchasing needs and further verify each other's identity and intention. You can quote to the other party at any time and get feedback from the other party on the price!

2) If buyers hold online meetings to discuss business, they can also conduct multi-party business negotiations through Tradelink. Understand the quotations of peers, adjust the strategy in time according to the actual situation and profit margin of the company, make quotations, and finally succeed!

4. According to the contact information of the buyer, directly call the other party to communicate, judge the cooperation intention of the other party, the authenticity of the inquiry, and grasp the customer demand and budget.

Is it a good thing that the stock market is closed for the quarter?

The suspension of stocks in the first quarterly report will make investors think that there is something wrong with the first quarterly report, causing panic. After the resumption of trading, the stock price will fall, so it is a bad thing to suspend trading in the quarterly stock report. For example, for some stocks that have been specially treated, the suspension of trading due to the failure to disclose quarterly reports on time may cause their share prices to continue to fall after the opening, and may even face the risk of delisting.

In addition to the quarterly suspension, the stock will also be suspended in the following circumstances:

1. The suspension of trading decided by mergers and acquisitions of other companies is generally good news. After the resumption of trading, individual stock prices will rise sharply.

2. If the listed company is suspected of illegal suspension of trading, after the resumption of trading, investors in the market will throw out a large number of stocks in order to avoid risks, which will lead to a decline in stock prices. This is a bad news.

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