Who can briefly describe the rough situation of the new warlord's melee?

The scuffle between the new warlords of the Kuomintang began with the war between Chiang Kai-shek and Guangxi.

1929, 19 In February, Guangxi Wuhan Political Branch issued a resolution to remove Lu Diping from the post of Chairman of Hunan Province and Division Commander of 18. At the same time, Ye Qi's ninth division and Javert's seventh army were sent to Changsha for invasion. Lu Diping was caught off guard and hurriedly fled to Nanjing by ocean-going ship. Gui Jun took control of Hunan. At this point, the Guangxi department occupied the two lakes and connected Guangxi, making it possible to attack and defend, advance and retreat, and compete with Chiang Kai-shek. This is the so-called "case".

Chiang Kai-shek destroyed Bai Chongxi by taking advantage of the contradiction between Tang Shengzhi and Guangxi, and by using Tang Shengzhi to expel Bai Chongxi. Li and Liao Lei brought to Hebei by Bai Chongxi are the main forces of Tang Shengzhi. Bai Chongxi wanted to stay in Hebei for a long time and develop in the northwest, which caused dissatisfaction among his subordinates. Tang's men all want to go back to their hometown in Hunan as soon as possible, and they all feel ashamed to be officers of the Guangxi Department. Chiang Kai-shek seized this contradiction and widely spread the news that Tang Shengzhi would be reinstated. Tang Shengzhi was also active in Shanghai, and sent someone to express his heartfelt support for the Central Committee to Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek not only promised Tang Ke to command the troops again, but also rewarded him with a huge sum of money and urged him to go north to Peiping and Tianjin immediately to recover the old headquarters.

At this point, the war of Chiang Kai-shek is imminent, and Bai Chongxi intends to lead his troops south of Pukou to cooperate with Li Zongren in attacking Chiang Kai-shek. But at this time, the troops no longer listened to the white command and posted "Down with the Guangxi Department!" "Down with Bai Chongxi!" "Welcome commander-in-chief Tang to come back" and other slogans. Tang even put anti-slogans on the train carriages in Pingjin. Bai Chongxi couldn't stand being in the army, so he fled from Tanggu in disguise.

On March 20th, Tang Shengzhi landed in Tanggu and was welcomed by the old army. On March 1 day, Zi announced a crusade against Bai Chongxi, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately appointed Tang Shengzhi as the commander-in-chief of the Fifth Route Army. Tang Shengzhi set up its headquarters in Shuncheng, Beiping, Wang Fu. Chiang Kai-shek's plan to help Tang was completely realized, which was equivalent to cutting off an arm of the Guangxi Department.

Li, a native of Wuzhou, Guangxi, is an official in Guangdong. He belongs to Guangdong in the division of political power. Guangdong is rich in financial resources, but its soldiers have poor combat effectiveness. Guangxi is poor and brave. Li Changchun took advantage of the relationship between local literati and Guangxi. Guangdong supports Guangxi's funds and Guangxi supports Guangdong's troops. After Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi left Guangxi, Li worked closely with Huang Shao, which prevented Chiang Kai-shek from intervening in the affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi. It is difficult for Chiang Kai-shek to destroy the Guangxi system without breaking up the Guangdong-Guangxi alliance. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek plotted to plot against Lee.

Li doesn't want to come to Nanjing to attend the Third National Congress. Chiang Kai-shek personally guaranteed that Wu Zhihui, Cai Yuanpei and Li Shiceng, four KMT elders, were sent to Nanjing to mediate the Hunan case. Li Xin thought it was true. Unexpectedly, on the morning of March 2 1, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly ordered Li to be arrested and detained in Tangshan Club. On March 28th, the closing day of the Third National Congress of the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek sent troops to raid Li's residence in Nanjing. After the national demobilization conference, Chiang Kai-shek held military parades and exercises everywhere, demonstrating to local strength groups. Li once accused Chiang Kai-shek of this. Chiang Kai-shek therefore bears a grudge against Li.

Chiang Kai-shek unreasonably detained Li, causing strong dissatisfaction from all sides. Wu Zhihui He, who helped Chiang Kai-shek persuade Li to enter Beijing, first angrily ran to Chiang Kai-shek and denounced his atrocities, and then moved to Tangshan to live with Li in protest. Cai Yuanpei and Li Shizeng also condemned Chiang Kai-shek's lack of faith. The generals of Guangdong and Guangxi were furious, and Jiang Guangding, Cai Tingkai and others jointly called Chiang Kai-shek, demanding that Li's freedom be restored immediately. Huang also invited to Guangzhou to discuss countermeasures. But at this time, Chiang Kai-shek had sent Guangdong generals Chen and Chen to Guangdong to persuade them to obey the central authorities. Second, Chen avoided war and isolated the Guangxi family through seemingly fair double-dealing tactics. Subsequently, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Chen as commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army. Since then, Chen Yizhi has ruled Guangdong.

Since the Chiang Kai-shek War, many powerful factions have made plans for themselves. On March 29th, Yen Hsi-shan sent a telegram in response to Chiang Kai-shek's crusade. In order to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from entering Sichuan in the name of carrying out the Guangxi system, Liu Xiang of Sichuan also claimed to want Guangxi.

Feng Yuxiang adopted a two-faced approach in the battle of Jiang Gui. The Guangxi Ministry once asked Feng to help counter Chiang Kai-shek, and Feng Xinran agreed. Jiang promised to make Feng Wei Cheng Xiang, and Feng was moved by Li, promising to send10.4 million troops to help Jiang win the championship. However, when Feng was in Xuzhou, he printed a lot of notices for rebellion, but he did not print who the rebels were. He only printed charges such as "taking bribes to bend the law, extorting taxes, killing and persecuting young people". His original intention was that whoever was defeated by Chiang Kai-shek and Guangxi would write his name on the notice in an attempt to occupy Wuhan before Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang's attitude not only harmed Guangxi, but also was countered by Chiang Kai-shek and accused by both sides.

Chiang Kai-shek personally became commander-in-chief on March 29, and went to Jiujiang to direct operations and crusade against the Guangxi system. He is Qin Ying's chief of staff. * * * Dispatched three armies: Herry Liu's 1 Army, Zhu Shaoliang's 2 nd Army, Zhu Peide's 3 rd Army, and 14 Ship to fight together.

However, Chiang Kai-shek's best way is to buy rebels from his opponents. Chiang Kai-shek knew that there were factions everywhere, and there could be no contradiction. Chiang Kai-shek used the factional principle to divide and disintegrate from within, and used his own conditions of mastering the central power to promise those who took refuge to be high officials and generous, so it was often easy to find traitors. This way of breaking up opponents can play a radical role and get quick results.

At the beginning of Chiang Kai-shek War, Li Zongren returned to Guangxi from Shanghai, Bai Chongxi was on his way back from Tanggu, Huang was in Guangxi, and Wuhan left no commander in chief. The power of Wuhan frontline commander-in-chief was handed over to Li Mingrui and Yang Tenghui, teachers of the First Division. At this time, Li Mingrui and Yang Tenghui have been bought by Chiang Kai-shek. At the same time, Chiang Kai-shek, by winning over Zhang Fakui, appointed Zhang as 1 commander-in-chief of the right-wing army. The task is to ask Zhang Fakui to occupy Wuhan in front of Feng Yuxiang. Chiang Kai-shek's wanted order: He Jian was appointed as the commander of the Fourth Army of the Rebel Army and allocated 700,000 yuan. He promised that Qiao Yun would be in charge of all the affairs in Hunan. He Jian immediately generated electricity to express his "wholehearted support" for the Central Committee. In this way, without Chiang Kai-shek's war with Guangxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces occupied by Guangxi, from local to military, have been divided and disintegrated by Chiang Kai-shek. Zheng Jiemin, Chiang Kai-shek's adjutant, commanded Chiang Kai-shek's spy in Wuhan, and had already made arrangements for his internal work. On April 6, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Wuhan and announced: "Wuhan will decide without bloodshed." Because Li Mingrui withdrew his troops from the fighting, Gui Jun almost quit without a fight. Feng Yuxiang's fantasy of being in Wuhan before Chiang Kai-shek was also shattered.

After Chiang Kai-shek entered Wuhan, he rewarded officials and gave Li Mingrui a lot of cash. At the mass meeting in Wuhan, he cursed treason. Show off your strength and arrogance. Chiang Kai-shek also met separately with Feng Yuxiang's Ministry, Han Fuju, in Wuhan. Jiang and his wife "warmly" entertained, were appointed as the chairman of Yuzhou face to face, and gave hundreds of thousands of silver, and began to disintegrate Feng's work.

Under the leadership of Hu Zongyi, Tao Jun and Xia Wei, the remnants of the Guangxi Fourth Army, which had retreated from Wuhan, retreated to western Hubei, trying to contact the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen. How could Chiang Kai-shek allow them to establish themselves in western Hubei? He ordered Zhang Fakui, Zhu Shaoliang and Xia Douyin to pursue them, and at the same time sent a letter to the Guangxi troops, saying: "If the officers and men come back armed, they will each be rewarded with five yuan; All officers and men waiting for their hands should be put in; If you can kill your rebellious leader and come back, you will be rewarded by your rank. Kill your platoon leader and reward the silver officer with one hundred yuan at the next higher level; Kill the battalion commander, reward 500 silver, and be promoted to the second level; Whoever kills the commander-in-chief of our master will be rewarded with five thousand pieces of silver, which will be promoted to three levels in a row. As a result, Hu, Tao and Xia San people could not resist Chiang Kai-shek's combination of force and money. At the same time, the three announced their retirement and the troops were at your disposal. At this point, the 4th Army of Guangxi was completely disintegrated.

Chiang Kai-shek's war to "completely eradicate" the Guangxi system began on May 5. Chiang Kai-shek was limited to occupy Liuzhou before May 25 and ran from Wuhan to Changsha to supervise the war. Chiang Kai-shek once advised Huang and Gui to join Chiang Kai-shek, but Huang wouldn't listen.

Under the pressure of Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, Bai Chongxi and Huang decided to take the initiative and take offense as defense. On the same day that Chiang Kai-shek attacked Guangxi, on May 5, Li Zongren attacked Guangdong in two ways in Wuzhou under the banner of "protecting the party and saving the army", in an attempt to open up a new situation after defeating Guangdong. Li Zongren went to Hongkong to contact other anti-Chiang forces. On May 2 1 day, Guangdong and Gui Jun fought a bloody battle in Guangdong for a century. Gui Jun failed and returned to Guangxi. Although Bai and Huang suffered repeated battles and defeats in Guangxi, they were unable to resist Chiang Kai-shek's troops attacking Guangxi from all directions. In June, Bai Chongxi and Huang fled Vietnam from Longzhou at the southern tip of Guangxi and stood by again.

Chiang Kai-shek's policy of eliminating the Guangxi clique and its insidious means caused great shock and panic among various factions of the Kuomintang. Force them to find their own way: either fight back, commit themselves to refuge, or please both sides.

After successfully overthrowing Guangxi, Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to win over Yan Xishan and stepped up his attack on Feng Yuxiang, still adopting the strategy of divide and rule.

Feng Yuxiang wants to take advantage of the battle of Jiang Gui to seize Wuhan. But when Chiang Kai-shek caught a glimpse of me, I had already taken precautions. The failure of Feng Yuxiang's plan also increased Chiang Kai-shek's resentment against Feng Yuxiang, making the contradiction between Jiang and Feng irreconcilable. After Chiang Kai-shek occupied Wuhan, he immediately mobilized the main forces to prepare for the invasion of Henan and Shandong to fight against Feng.

Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to eradicate Feng Group. First, he began to buy off Feng's men. Feng Yuxiang's old subordinate, the most loyal general Han Fuju, was bought in Wuhan. Then Chiang Kai-shek sent people to Xiangfan to send hundreds of thousands of yuan to buy off Shi Yousan. The fickle villain Shi Yousan immediately agreed to obey Chiang Kai-shek's command. Later, Chiang Kai-shek used the same method to buy off Liu Zhenhua, Ma Hongkui and other departments, turned against Feng and attached himself to Chiang Kai-shek. The nationalist army split violently under the disintegration of Chiang Kai-shek. Secondly, Chiang Kai-shek widely spread rumors, which created the opinion that Feng Yuxiang colluded with the Soviet Union and wanted to attack Chiang Kai-shek in the south and Yan Xishan in the west, and provoked the relationship between Feng and Yan, which made Yan Xishan dubious. Third, Chiang Kai-shek tried to lure Feng Yuxiang to Beijing, leaving the Northwest Army leaderless. At that time, Jiang sent telegrams asking Feng Yuxiang to work in Beijing. Feng Yuxiang made it clear that the fundamental reason why he didn't go to Nanjing was "fear of becoming the second Li". At the same time, Feng Yuyang held a military meeting in Huayin and decided to arm himself against Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Zi was appointed as the "Commander-in-Chief of the Northwest Road for Protecting the Party and Saving the Nation", demanding that all ministries shrink their forces and shorten the front line. Feng Jun evacuated from Lu Yu to Tongguan to meet Chiang Kai-shek. When Feng Jun retreated to the west, it blew up the 13 bridge from Guide to Mamuji, so as to stop Jiang Jun from transporting troops.

On May 8, the Kuomintang Central Political Conference elected Chiang Kai-shek as its chairman. On the 23rd, the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee decided to remove Feng Yuxiang from all his posts, expel him from the Party forever, and order him to be investigated. Later, in various proclamations issued by the Kuomintang Central Committee, Feng Yuxiang was called "the stalk of reunification", "sabotaging the revolution", "insidious and cunning", "repeatedly having no party membership", "colluding with the Soviet Union" and "betraying the party and the country". All in all, it was heinous. Feng Yuxiang, the "Paoze" of Chiang Kai-shek, has great intentions in sleeping and eating meat. Wen, Wu, frontal attack, internal disintegration, jointly hit Feng Yuxiang's nationalist army, which made Feng Yuxiang's situation very difficult.

Feng Yuxiang dared not rashly face the strong pressure of Chiang Kai-shek. He suddenly announced: "Since May 27th, all news has been rejected, and I have been studying since then." Of course, Feng Yuxiang didn't go out to study. The purpose was to make Chiang Kai-shek lose the excuse of attacking the Northwest Army to save his strength, and then Feng tried to pull Yan against Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang's move did have some effect, and Chiang Kai-shek's armed attack was temporarily stopped. However, the battle on the battlefield immediately evolved into a tortuous political struggle between Jiang, Feng and Yan.

In the conflict between Chiang Kai-shek and Feng, Yan Xishan not only charmed Chiang as Feng, but also pulled Feng against Chiang. Meijiang suppressed Feng in order to push the Northwest Army out of Henan, Shaanxi and China through Jiang Zhili. The purpose of resisting Chiang Kai-shek is to improve his social status in front of Chiang Kai-shek and prevent Chiang Kai-shek from attacking the gold system. In order to divide and rule, Chiang Kai-shek firmly grasped Yan Xishan to oust Feng Yuxiang, and then only the gold system was left to clean up the mess. If Feng Yuxiang wants to resist Chiang Kai-shek, he must unite with the gold system to gain a firm foothold. This is the subtlety of the triangle relationship between Jiang, Feng and Yan at this time.

On June 7, Chiang Kai-shek called Yen Hsi-shan, asking Yen Hsi-shan to help him attack the Northwest Army and force Feng Yuxiang to go abroad. Feng Yuxiang can't just "study in the mountains". Yan Xishan said that he does not advocate civil war, but advocates a peaceful solution. And threatened to go abroad with Feng Yuxiang. Later, he sent someone to Tianjin to book a boat ticket, arranged accommodation in Japan and pretended to be determined to retire. Yan Xishan repeatedly invited Feng Yuxiang to Taiyuan to discuss anti-Chiang plans, but Feng Yuxiang suspected that Yan Xishan had ulterior motives and dared not rashly enter Jin. Feng saw Yan's above actions and dispelled Feng's doubts. Yan also sent Li Shucheng, Feng Yuxiang's respected old friend, to intercede for Feng, and Feng Yuxiang was determined to be promoted. On June 7th, Feng Yuxiang took his wife Li Dequan and his daughter from Huayin Mountain to Shanxi, and arrived in Taiyuan on the 24th, where they were warmly received by Yan Xishan.

After Feng Yuxiang arrived in Shanxi, Yan Xishan did not seriously discuss the plan against Chiang Kai-shek with Feng, but sent people around to prepare clothes and appliances for going abroad. It seems that Yan and Feng are going abroad hand in hand. This really worried Chiang Kai-shek. If Feng and Yan go abroad side by side, it will undoubtedly unite the Northwest Army and the Jin Army, and it will be difficult for Chiang Kai-shek to achieve the goal of divide and conquer. So Chiang Kai-shek appointed Yan Xishan as the special envoy to deal with the aftermath of the northwest. Yan Xishan did not approve of Chiang Kai-shek's appointment, but he proposed to Chiang Kai-shek with a tougher attitude that he must go abroad at the same time as Feng Yuxiang. If the Central Committee does not approve, he will resolutely resign as a member of the National Government. Chiang Kai-shek hurriedly called to retain Yan Xishan and decided to deign to go to Peiping to meet him. This virtually doubled Yan's worth.

On June 25th, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Beiping, and he tried his best to change Yan Xishan's attitude. On June 27th, Chiang Kai-shek sent Wu Zhihui, Zhao and Yan Xishan to Taiyuan to meet him, and invited Yan Xishan to Beiping to discuss with Chiang Kai-shek to deal with the aftermath in the northwest. Yen Hsi-shan asked the central authorities to revoke the punishment against Feng Yuxiang, and accompanied Wu Zhihui and others to Peiping on June 30th. After Chiang Kai-shek had a secret talk with Yan in Beiping, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Yan Xishan as the deputy commander of the national army, navy and air force, and Yan's position in the army was raised to one person below Chiang Kai-shek and above ten thousand people. Yan Xishan promised Chiang Kai-shek to solve the Northwest Army as soon as possible, and Jiang Yan reached a secret agreement to deal with Feng Yuxiang. At this time, Yan Xishan's plot was exposed. He first tricked Feng Yuxiang into Taiyuan and bargained with Chiang Kai-shek with Feng's trump card until Chiang Kai-shek made him the deputy commander-in-chief of Peiping.

Yan Xishan suddenly "fell ill" and was admitted to the hospital on July 2, closing the door. On July 4th, he returned his plane ticket to Japan. Since then, Yan Xishan has also changed his attitude towards Feng Yuxiang.

He lured Feng Yuxiang to Jian 'an Village and put him under house arrest in the name of inconvenient life in Jinci. The troops sealed off the village and isolated Feng from the outside world.

Yan Xishan's treachery was condemned by other factions. Li Shucheng, who advised Feng Yuxiang to invest in gold, moved into Jian 'an Village to live with Feng Yuxiang and expressed his protest against Yan Xishan.

Feng Yuxiang was betrayed by Yan Xishan and bit his navel, but he was not willing to do nothing. He knew that Jiang and Yan had a new deal, and he didn't show any emotion. He just tried to break the collusion between Jiang and Yan to find a way out. During the period of house arrest, he managed to instruct Song, who was in charge of the Northwest Army in Shaanxi, to bypass Yen Hsi-shan and directly contact the Nanjing government to move closer to Chiang Kai-shek. The generals of the nationalist army were very disgusted with Yan Xishan's treachery. Feng Yuxiang was detained in Jian 'an Village, and his salary could not be solved. Northwest China is a poverty-stricken area, which is in urgent need of help. After receiving instructions from Feng Yuxiang, they felt that getting close to Nanjing was also a way out. So, in mid-July, Chen Zhuoru, the chief of staff of the Northwest Army, went to Nanjing to inquire for Chiang Kai-shek, saying that the Northwest Army accepted the central command and asked for financial aid. Chiang Kai-shek thought that the Northwest Army had surrendered to him, and there was no need to use Yan Xishan to disintegrate Feng Group. The cunning Chiang Kai-shek didn't know that he had been taken in by Feng Yuxiang, so he sent Yu Youren and He Yaozu to comfort Feng Yuxiang's troops, appease Feng's department and provide their salaries. In order to win over the generals of the Northwest Army, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the dismissed Lu, Xue Duzhou, Xiong Bin and Tang Yueliang to return to Nanjing. Call and entertain in person. /kloc-in August of 0/7, he was appointed Minister of Military and Political Affairs. On August 22nd, another close friend of Feng was appointed as the director of the Resettlement Department of the National Resettlement Committee. Since then, the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and the nationalist army has changed from confrontation to closeness.

1August, 929, after the national demobilization implementation meeting, Yan Xishan began to feel that he was in danger. Feng's close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek made him more suspicious. He guessed that Jiang and Feng might have reached a new agreement, and Jiang and Feng would unite against Jin in the next step. Yan Xishan felt that the policy of flattering Jiang and restraining Feng was wrong. In order to get rid of the predicament, he is going to take the road of Lafon's anti-Chiang again.

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Yan Xishan personally went to Jian 'an Village to apologize to Feng Yuxiang and proposed to unite against Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang instructed Song to move closer to Chiang Kai-shek in order to disintegrate the Chiang Yan alliance. Seeing that his purpose had been achieved, Feng readily expressed to Yan Xishan that he was willing to bury the hatchet and cooperate against Chiang Kai-shek. On September 26th, Yan and Feng visited Wutai Mountain to show their reconciliation.

This time, Feng Jian launched a war against Chiang Kai-shek. The way he took was: Feng Yuxiang still lived in Jian 'an Village and instructed the Song and leaders of the Northwest Army to fight against Chiang Kai-shek. Feng hides behind the scenes, leaving room for manoeuvre. The Northwest Army first launched a war, headed by Yen Hsi-shan, and then the Jin Army made a comeback and fought back against Chiang Kai-shek.

On October 9th, 65438/KLOC-0, Song and others first called Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang to list Chiang Kai-shek's crimes, claiming that they were forced to rise up against Chiang Kai-shek. Yan and Feng replied to Song at 6: 38 p.m. on June 6, saying: "To put the people on the right track politically, we still need to take a long-term view, or we hope to make good arrangements first, so as to realize the original intention of comrades to save the country. National affairs should still be handled by the people." The telegraph exchanges between Song and Yan and Feng were aimed at creating the illusion that Yan and Feng had nothing to do with anti-Chiang, so as to cover up their behind-the-scenes command.

1929 10 June10, 27 nationalist army generals, including Song, made a joint speech in support of Feng and Yan's crusade against Chiang Kai-shek's electrification.

Song and others were passionate about Chiang Kai-shek's electrification, and the charges listed were all facts and had certain appeal. The soldiers of the Northwest Army divided into three roads and marched into Henan. But it was defeated by Chiang Kai-shek in less than a month and a half. Why? There are three main aspects:

1. Chiang Kai-shek has an advantage in financial, material and military resources. Song Ziwen is in Nanjing and Shanghai. Zhejiang has raised its military pay, and even used severance pay to wage civil war, because the central government holds the national treasury and has sufficient financial resources. A condolence group organized by Song Meiling went to the front and rewarded officers and men with 200,000 cash. The nationalist army is too poor to pay wages every month. Chiang Kai-shek can still get imperialist equipment and a lot of weapons and ammunition. There are also German military advisers who offer advice and suggestions. Chiang Kai-shek's own army is the backbone, and there are many miscellaneous troops who take refuge in him, and their strength is also higher than that of the Northwest Army.

Second, Chiang Kai-shek also overwhelmed the nationalist army in political strategy. There is no justice in the scuffle between Kuomintang factions. Song begged Chiang Kai-shek to electrify, although it had certain political influence, but Chiang Kai-shek retaliated with a letter to the soldiers of the whole country, saying that the nationalist army was a feudal group with a combination of interests. I only know that there are groups, I don't know that there are countries, I only know that there are interests, and I don't know that there is socialism. " As long as this feudal group is not eliminated, national reunification will not succeed. Song and others could not answer Chiang Kai-shek's scolding.

Three, the nationalist army internal disunity. Feng Yuxiang is not in the army, and Song He is fighting for the position of leader, neither giving way nor being convinced. The command can't be unified, and the battle is fragmented, which weakens the combat effectiveness.

However, the important reason for the failure of the nationalist army against Chiang Kai-shek this time is that Yan Xishan once again betrayed his faith.

It was agreed in advance that Feng Heyan would * * * fight against Chiang Kai-shek, otherwise Feng Yuxiang would not rashly launch a unilateral campaign against Chiang Kai-shek. Song and others, out of hatred for Yen Hsi-shan's betrayal of friends and seeking glory, did not push Yen Hsi-shan as the leader as originally agreed, but only offered general support for Feng and Yan. So after the launch of the nationalist army, Yan Xishan stayed put, leaving the nationalist army to fight alone. Seeing the rift between Feng and Yan, Chiang Kai-shek immediately adopted the strategy of wooing Yan Xishan and isolating Feng. On June 65438+1October 1 1, Nanjing called Yan Xishan in the name of the president of the Fifth Hospital, asking him to deal with the northwest issue nearby. 10/0 On October 28th, Chiang Kai-shek announced the appointment of Yan Xishan as the deputy commander-in-chief of the armed forces. 65438+1October 3 1 day, Chiang Kai-shek sent He and Fang Benren to Taiyuan to collude with Yan Xishan on behalf of Chiang Kai-shek. 165438+1On October 5th, Yan Xishan was announced as the deputy commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. At the same time, a "rebellion meeting" was held in Peiping and Taiyuan to show that Jin Tong fully supported the Central Committee. Yan and Feng separated again, and Jiang and Feng colluded again. Later, Kim was hostile to the nationalist army. The defeated and completely isolated Northwest Army returned to Shaanxi and stuck to Shaanxi and Tongguan. Feng Yuxiang's nationalist army failed again against Chiang Kai-shek for the second time.

During the period of 1929, almost all factions of the Kuomintang were involved in the whirlpool of civil war, and the artillery fire never stopped, and the war spread over most of China. Chiang Kai-shek had a hard time, so he had to hastily convene a meeting of party and state officials on February 3, 65438 to plan countermeasures. As a result of the discussion, Chiang Kai-shek decided that winning over Yan Xishan and Zhang Xueliang was the key to solving the problem. As long as Yan and Zhang are arrested and opposed to the reorganization faction, it is not difficult to quell the chaos of the powerful faction. So Chiang Kai-shek sent Zhang Xueliang to the northeast in the name of the old gentleman, and sent Zhao back to Shanxi to persuade Yan Xishan. Wu Tiecheng persuaded Zhang Xueliang to support Chiang Kai-shek. Yan Xishan and Zhang Xueliang have long been in contact. Yan Xishan, who had already expressed his support for the reorganization faction, was afraid of being sent to Shanhaiguan by the army. He was attacked by Chiang Kai-shek and Feng and turned to support Chiang Kai-shek. Therefore, Yan and Zhang jointly sent a telegram, "resolutely supporting the Central Committee" and opposing the reorganization faction. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek sent He Ruyue and Chen to jointly repel the "Party Protection and Salvation Army" of Zhang Fakui and Guangxi, and transferred Herry Liu's own troops to the north to attack Tang Shengzhi. Yen Hsi-shan personally went to Zhengzhou to bid to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek in attacking Tang Shengzhi. 1930, 65438+ October, Tang Shengzhi was defeated and electrified. Shi Yousan surrendered to Chiang Kai-shek again. The anti-Chiang military speculation of the Kuomintang reorganization faction failed.

Chiang Kai-shek entered the 1930s as a winner, but because the anti-Chiang faction still had strength and did not yield, a larger-scale warlord scuffle was brewing.

The New Year's Day of 1930 brought a serious crisis to the Nanjing government instead of "gospel". Although Chiang Kai-shek was cocky because of his successive victories over his opponents, it did not alleviate the crisis.

The first is the political crisis. The dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek and the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang deepened the class contradiction in China. In the darkness, the people of China, who were deeply affected by the disaster, saw that a single spark lit by the China * * * production party had started a prairie fire. The rapid corruption and "deterioration" of the reactionary Kuomintang regime is in sharp contrast with the vigorous development of the red revolutionary base areas. The people's enthusiasm for participating in the agrarian revolution is growing, the rural revolutionary base areas are expanding and the Red Army is developing. Revolutionary movements of workers, students, youth and women in central cities were also launched under the leadership of China * * * Production Party. After 1927, the depressing situation has been fundamentally changed. The development of the people's revolutionary forces has dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, which is the fundamental reason for the political crisis of the Nanjing government.

In addition, the contradictions within the Kuomintang reactionaries are far from being resolved. Anti-Chiang forces still exist. Yan Xishan and Feng Yuxiang had 500,000 troops in their hands, which made Chiang Kai-shek restless day and night. The reorganization faction continued to unite against Chiang Kai-shek, frequently engaged in activities, and took advantage of the corruption of the Nanjing government to carry out anti-Chiang propaganda everywhere, which caused no small threat to Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang Central Committee. This is also one of the reasons for the political crisis of the Nanjing government.

The second is the diplomatic crisis. Chiang Kai-shek instructed Zhang Xueliang to provoke the Middle East Road incident for no reason, causing armed conflict between China and Russia. Not only did it cause serious losses to the lives and property of residents in the border areas, but diplomatic negotiations with the Soviet Union took a long time and no settlement agreement was reached. Chiang Kai-shek cut the stolen goods and framed Feng Yuxiang's trick, and finally lifted a rock and dropped it on his own foot.

Finally, there is the financial crisis. Years of civil war and long-term border conflicts have consumed a lot of money and drained the blood of the people. In addition, the traitorous financial policy pursued by Song Ziwen and others dragged China into the economic crisis of world capitalism. During 1929, an unprecedented economic crisis occurred in capitalist countries all over the world. The gold price soared and the silver price plummeted, and the currency of China, which implemented the silver standard, seriously depreciated. Because only the United States bought silver at that time, China's silver was continuously exported to the United States, maintaining China's current currency. The United States relied on China's cheap silver to reduce its losses, while China fell into a situation of "depression of people's livelihood and emptiness of the national treasury", with boiling public grievances and once chaotic domestic social order.

The financial crisis is the most urgent problem for the Nanjing government. Chiang Kai-shek couldn't think of an effective way to solve the crisis. He racked his brains and tried every means to play tricks on strengthening Nanjing's reactionary rule, and put forward so-called measures such as "refreshing politics", "improving political efficiency" and accelerating national reunification in an attempt to reduce expenses and cut expenses passively. Moreover, his "throttling" method is just "tightening". That is, to tighten the establishment and institutions and reduce the number of troops. However, the military establishment of Chiang Kai-shek's department has not been reduced, and the royal institutions of Chiang Kai-shek's department have not been reduced; The henchmen adopted by Chiang Kai-shek were not only dismissed, but also sent to various places to be officials. For other factions, Chiang Kai-shek used "empty treasury" as an excuse and "austerity" as an excuse to ask them to downsize quickly according to the downsizing plan. Before downsizing, the wages of non-directly affiliated troops will be delayed or stopped. Chiang Kai-shek also repeatedly ordered the troops of various powerful factions to be transferred to designated areas, and officers at all levels were transferred to the Central Military Academy for training. Through these methods, he tried to take the power of various powerful factions into his own hands. In order to show his austerity, Chiang Kai-shek once again eliminated some old, weak and sick soldiers and "laid off" some useless employees. In order to cope with Chiang Kai-shek, the powerful faction also handled it in this way, which led to mutiny, mutiny and banditry, harming people everywhere and making the people even more in dire straits. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek forced local governments to obey the central authorities and threatened with force on the pretext that the emptiness of the national treasury was closely related to the disunity of the country. As a result, the contradictions within the reactionary Kuomintang clique deepened rapidly, and those power groups that did not openly oppose Chiang Kai-shek also became nervous. The new warlords, regardless of national security and people's lives, just launched a new struggle to safeguard the interests of their group.

1930 The war within the Kuomintang began with the quarrel between Chiang Kai-shek and Yan.

Over the years, the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Yan has been erratic, which is caused by Chiang Kai-shek's sinister and Yan Xishan's speculative habits. Yan Xishan cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek many times, but it broke down many times. Guangxi, Feng and Tang Dynasties were all fatally hit by Chiang Kai-shek, but Yan Xishan was like a wandering snake, keeping the rulers alive. Past experience has proved that Chiang Kai-shek gave him some benefits when he wanted to take advantage of him, but he often burned down the bridge and made Yan Kong happy. For example, in order to defeat the rulers, Chiang Kai-shek once put Ping Jin under the control of Yen Hsi-shan. However, only half a year after Pingjin changed its flag, Chiang Kai-shek sent Song Ziwen to Peiping in June 1929, and classified Ping Jin's tax revenue as "state-owned" or "Jiangyou" in the name of dividing "national tax" and "local tax". Yen Hsi-shan accepted this arrangement, and at the same time proposed to Song Ziwen that the salaries of the garrison troops in Peiping and Tianjin should be paid by the Central Ministry of Finance in exchange for handing over the "national tax" in Peiping and Tianjin. On the surface, Song Ziwen agreed, but only paid for one month and never paid again. Knowing that he was cheated, Yan Xishan applied for issuing 30 million yuan of provincial bonds to offset the 30 million yuan paid by Shanxi Bank during the Northern Expedition, but Chiang Kai-shek did not approve it. Yan believes that this is Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to control the financial system by economic means, for which he has been aggrieved. After the Kuomintang troops occupied Peiping and Tianjin, Yan helped Chiang Kai-shek many times in the Kuomintang infighting. But Jiang only uses his face and never trusts him. Yan personally led troops to Henan to help Chiang destroy the Tang Dynasty, and Chiang reneged. Instead of ceding Henan to Yan, he appointed Han Fudi as chairman of Henan Province, chairman of Anhui Province and Ma Hongkui as commander-in-chief of southern Anhui. Jiang's own troops have also moved northward, concentrated in Xuzhou and Bengbu, and heavily stationed in Henan. This situation is undoubtedly to guard against the Jin army and the Northwest Army, so that the Jin army can not stand in Henan. Yan's wishful thinking failed, and he reluctantly withdrew 8 Jin J to the original defense. Repeatedly calculated by Chiang Kai-shek, Yan Xishan saw that Chiang Kai-shek's next goal was himself. In this way, Yan Xishan had to make a choice as soon as possible on the issue of supporting or opposing Chiang Kai-shek.

193065438+1October 16, Yan Xishan returned to Taiyuan. Later, Wu Tiecheng came from Beiping with Chiang Kai-shek's orders. In order to implement Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "refreshing politics", Yan Buxing was sworn in as deputy commander on invitation. This is not only a matter of form, but a form that Chiang Kai-shek wants Yen Hsi-shan to obey the Central Committee. Yen Hsi-shan understood Chiang Kai-shek's intentions, and he didn't want to remain silent. On October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, Yan Xishan took the opportunity to deliver a speech against Chiang Kai-shek at the makeup oath ceremony in Taiyuan, proposing the establishment of "the whole party reunifying the country", opposing Chiang Kai-shek's control of the central power and accusing him of splitting the party and the country. While Chiang Kai-shek continued to deploy troops, he demonstrated against it and publicly warned him severely. On February 9, Chiang Kai-shek called Yan, saying that "it is completely certain to pacify Guangdong and Guangxi by force" and invited Zhao to return to Beijing as soon as possible. In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's threats and intimidation, Yan Xishan did not show weakness and wrote back to Chiang Kai-shek. Based on this, the telegraph debate between Nanjing and Taiyuan lasted for two months, supplemented by conversations and proclamations, and they scolded each other and chattered endlessly. After the telegraph debate between Chiang Kai-shek and Yan began, the front lines between the two sides gradually became clear. Anti-Chiang factions have electrified and expressed their support for Yan Xishan. Military and political officials who supported Chiang Kai-shek waved flags and shouted for Chiang Kai-shek under the banner of safeguarding the central authorities. Chiang Kai-shek set off a large-scale campaign to denounce Yan Xishan in his control area; Yen Hsi-shan also held a meeting for Chiang Kai-shek in his own jurisdiction and seized local party departments and newspapers sponsored by Chiang Kai-shek's Central Committee. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. The debate between Chiang Kai-shek and Yan made the relationship between Yan Xishan and the reformists closer. Yan Xishan denied the legitimacy of the Nanjing Kuomintang Central Committee, so he wanted to establish a "legitimate" Central Committee to oppose Chiang Kai-shek's Central Committee. To this end, Yan needs the help of the reorganization faction and the Xishan faction. The reorganization faction in the south failed one after another and almost lost all their capital in military speculation, so they had to find a way for Yan and Feng in the north. At the same time, because Chiang Kai-shek attacked the reorganization faction