Prospecting ideas

Professor Sun, a famous petroleum geologist in China, often revisits Dickie's words: "We often find oil in new areas with old ideas. Sometimes, we can find oil in an old area by adopting new ideas. However, it is difficult for people to find more oil in an old area with outdated concepts. " With regard to thrust nappe and foreland detachment structures, Sun Lao pointed out that the hard ground survey in the 1950s only clarified the surface structure, and the root of its failure was that it did not clarify the disharmony between the upper and lower detachment structures. The discovery and exploration of oil and gas in Daqing Oilfield and Huabei Oilfield, which China geologists are often proud of, are typical examples of the renewal of prospecting ideas. At that time, some geologists at home and abroad, many of whom were famous "everybody", thought that "China is poor in oil" and "Northeast is poor in oil", and China should take the road of coal refining and processing industry. The young Republic of China is facing the severe challenge of energy problem. At the end of 1953, Li Siguang, the first geological minister of new China, was invited by Chairman Mao to the Juxiang Bookstore in Zhongnanhai to consult his views on the prospect of China's oil resources and put forward suggestions. Li Siguang clearly replied to the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao that China is rich in oil and gas resources according to his own geotectonic theory and views on oil and gas accumulation conditions. It is pointed out that the key problem is to do a good job in petroleum geological exploration nationwide, break the situation of oil exploration in the northwest corner, and find not one but several promising and wide-ranging possible oil-bearing areas as exploration and development bases. The theoretical basis of Li Siguang's prediction of petroleum prospect is as follows: in terms of oil-generating conditions, that is, if there are good sedimentary conditions and sufficient organic matter and conditions for its transformation into oil, oil will be generated regardless of marine or continental sedimentary conditions; Second, there must be conditions for structural drive and fluid flow. After the two conditions are met, oil and gas substances can form oil and gas reservoirs in some places and parts. These two points should be said to be applicable now. Here, Li Siguang did not have the concepts of "marine facies" and "continental facies generating oil" in the usual sense, which broke the conventional concept of petroleum geologists. After years of hard work, Zhongmin finally broke through a large oil and gas field-anniversary oil field before 10 National Day. Daqing Oilfield has been stable at 50 million tons since 1976, which is a model of breakthrough in prospecting ideas in China's prospecting history.

In fact, our solid mineral exploration is also facing the challenge of new theory, new technology and new thinking, and the innovation of thinking and technical methods often becomes the key to prospecting breakthrough. We might as well choose a few solid minerals and find examples of large mines, because the idea of prospecting has made a breakthrough. For example, during the discovery of Baguamiao gold deposit in Shaanxi Province, time-dependent gold deposits were discovered from 198 1 987, which lasted for 7 years, but the grade was generally low and the prospecting effect was always poor. Since then, people have wondered whether there are other types of gold mines. The exploration scheme has been reconsidered and deployed in the geochemical gold anomaly center. Firstly, the surface trench exploration project is selected for verification. Results Gold-bearing altered phyllite with a width exceeding 100 m was found, and a new mineralization type was found. As a result, the scale of deposits began to increase sharply, and finally deposits reached a super-large scale. Another example is the Daxigou iron mine discovered by 1957 in Shaanxi. At that time, the iron ore reserves obtained from the ground magnetic anomaly were less than100000 t, and the aeromagnetic anomaly was obvious in 1966, so the ground magnetic method was deployed for detailed investigation. At 1969, five boreholes were arranged for drilling verification, and only thin magnetite was found. Since then, a breakthrough has been made because geologists have identified siderite that is difficult to identify with the naked eye. In fact, the ore type of this deposit is mainly siderite, followed by siderite-magnetite, and the amount of magnetite ore is very small. This breakthrough in understanding has rapidly increased the iron ore reserves from 65.438+million tons to 300 million tons, such as Fanshan phosphate deposit in Hebei Province. 1959, the geological team discovered Fanshan magnetic anomaly in1∶ 50,000 surface magnetic survey. In 196 1, 1969, 1970, he entered the area for iron prospecting three times, and six boreholes were drilled successively, with geological and magnetic methods1:10000, covering an area of 50 km2. The conclusion is that the magnetic anomaly is caused by pyroxene rock mass with low iron content and other metals content. From 65438 to 0973, according to the metallogenic theory and the existence of phosphorite in some boreholes, Paula Tsui thought it was hopeful to find iron, phosphorus, titanium and other minerals, and insisted on going into Fanshan again to carry out geological work, which was approved by the leaders. In May of that year, he entered Fanshan for the fourth time, and the 80-meter-thick phosphate rock layer was discovered by drilling verification. After three years of exploration, Tanfanshan Phosphate Mine is a large-scale phosphate mine, and four elements of iron, fluorine, sulfur and alum are comprehensively recovered. The discovery of this deposit opens up a new way for finding phosphorus in northern China and helps to alleviate the current situation of phosphorus deficiency in northern China. Another example is the Hongqiling copper-nickel mine in Jilin Province. 1959 verifies the geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and the nickel metal content of 1 rock mass is 53,800 t, reaching a medium scale. 1964 during large-scale geological exploration in this area, all high-value anomalies were verified one by one, and no important findings were found. Before the end of the battle, select a weak anomaly (M 15, ZMax300 ~ 500 nt, 1: 10000 with only two lines on the map) for a wide range of detailed investigation. The results of Ni and Cu are as follows. Give another example of a breakthrough in prospecting due to the improvement of understanding of mineral deposits. The Yulong copper-molybdenum deposit in Tibet was discovered according to 1966 mass report, and 1967 was identified as skarn copper-iron ore by magnetic method and geological work. At that time, the iron ore reserves were estimated to be 27.7 million t 197 1 year, and it was found that ηs in porphyry was high, but it was not paid attention to and further verified because of the understanding of skarn deposits. 1972, after a new understanding of the possible existence of porphyry deposits, a breakthrough was made by verifying the ηs anomaly in porphyry, and a super-large porphyry copper deposit was discovered.

We have repeatedly described a large number of examples in the history of prospecting, proving that countless breakthroughs in prospecting in history are breakthroughs in understanding first, and then breakthroughs in the sense of prospecting. Historical experience has repeatedly told us that innovation in thinking is the soul to reveal the treasures of the earth. This is because, on the one hand, earth science is an extremely complicated science. Human's understanding of geological phenomena and the material structure inside the earth is very limited, and the theory of earth science is still in the process of continuous exploration and discovery for revealing geological prospecting; On the other hand, the process of geological prospecting is a process of understanding practice. Geological prospecting needs our long-term unremitting efforts, and we need to possess, digest and absorb a large number of previous data; We need a scientific spirit of perseverance, fearlessness and courage to explore; We need more down-to-earth, conscientious and long-term field observation and practice; We also need to keep up with the development of earth science and grasp the new theories, methods and new thinking of geological prospecting in time. This is the realm that we must have and work hard to achieve a breakthrough in prospecting.