The History and Achievements of Modern Industrial Development in China

1. After the Opium War, the western capitalist countries used the privilege of aggression to madly dump goods and plunder raw materials to China, and gradually involved the China market in the world market, and China's self-sufficient feudal economy gradually disintegrated.

2. Raw materials and labor force make it difficult for China to resist the impact of capitalist economic aggression.

3. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, with the intensification of imperialist aggression, the natural economy of China society was further destroyed.

4. Establishment of modern military industry. From 65438 to the 1960s, the Westernization School established a number of modern military industries under the banner of "self-improvement" and adopted advanced western production technologies.

More important are Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute founded by Zeng Guofan, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration founded by Li Hongzhang, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau founded by Zuo and Tianjin Machine Manufacturing Bureau founded by Chonghou.

5. Establishment of modern civil industry. In the later period of Westernization Movement, in order to solve the difficulties of military industry in capital, fuel and transportation, the Westernization School set up a number of modern civilian industries under the banner of "seeking wealth".

Large-scale companies include Li Hongzhang's Ship Investment Promotion Bureau in Shanghai, Kaiping Coal Mine in Tianjin, Hanyang Iron Works established by Zhang Zhidong in Hubei and Hubei Textile Layout.

6. The beginning of socialist industrialization. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, bureaucratic capital was confiscated, which transformed bureaucratic capital enterprises into socialist state-owned enterprises more thoroughly and laid the foundation for socialist industrialization.

From 65438 to 0953, the general line of the transitional period proposed to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country in a fairly long period of time. The basic task of the national "First Five-Year Plan" is to concentrate the main forces to give priority to the development of heavy industry and establish the initial foundation of national industrialization.

7. Achievements of industrial construction in the First Five-Year Plan; Nearly 600 important projects such as airplanes, automobiles, heavy machinery and precision instruments have been built.

Angang, Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory, Shenyang Machine Tool Factory and Aircraft Factory were completed and put into operation; China began to change the face of industrial backwardness and laid a preliminary foundation for socialist industrialization.

8. Achievements of industrial construction in the past ten years: Wuhan and Baotou have built two major steel bases, namely, Anniversary Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Dagang Oilfield. The oil industry is developing rapidly, and all oil can be self-sufficient.

The power industry has grown rapidly, and the rural electricity consumption has increased 70 times in ten years; During the "Cultural Revolution", when the Lanxin and Baolan railways were completed, industrial production suffered great setbacks.

The main achievements in this period are: Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Hubei No.2 Automobile Factory, chengdu-kunming railway and Hunan-Guizhou Railway.

9. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China's socialist modern economic construction has made remarkable achievements. In industry, great progress has been made in capital construction and technological reform, and a number of engineering projects have been built that are close to or reach the world's advanced technical level.

Representatives of these projects include Baoshan Iron and Steel Company, Gezhouba Water Control Project, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and Beijing-Kowloon Railway.

China modern industry

1840 after the opium war, western capitalism invaded China and set up factories in China, which was the beginning of modern industry in China. Foreign-funded industries in this period mainly served foreign trade with China.

From 1843 to 1894, foreign countries established 19 1 industrial enterprises in China, of which 1 16 belongs to shipbuilding and silk tea processing industries.

It is estimated that by the end of 1894, foreign industrial investment in China was nearly 20 million yuan, and investment in shipbuilding and export processing reached/kloc-0.5 billion yuan, accounting for 75% of the total investment.

The remaining 75 factories belong to printing, food processing, water, electricity, gas, matches, soap service, pharmacy, paper making, wood, glass, cement and other industries, with a capital of about 5 million yuan, and most of them are small.

After foreign countries established industries in China for more than 20 years, the Qing government began to create industries produced by machines. From 186 1 to 1894, the Qing government operated 2 1 military factories (including a shipyard), and the estimated cost was about 50 million yuan.

Among them, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau and Hubei Gun Factory were large-scale and well-equipped, which were large-scale factories in the period of China's modern industrial establishment.

Military industry is a non-commodity production enterprise, which is not closely related to social and economic development, but it promoted the rise of civil industry in the 1970s.

On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, there were about 27 ship repair factories, about 1 13 machine reeling factories, 8 machine cotton textile factories and 47 other light industrial factories, about 195. Most of them are small in scale and unknown in capital, and many even closed down during the preparation period or shortly after production.

Most of the well-equipped enterprises are government-run, political-business joint ventures or government-supervised commercial enterprises, such as Shanghai Weaving Layout, Wuchang Weaving Bureau and Lanzhou Weaving Bureau.

Commercial factories, such as Jichanglong Silk Factory run by Chen Qiyuan, have played a guiding role in the development of silk reeling industry in South China. Most commercial shipyards were developed by adding one or two lathes on the basis of the original manual workshops, and gradually developed to repair and manufacture silk reeling cars and cotton gin in the 1980s.

The establishment of the above-mentioned modern industries also marks the gradual establishment of the capitalist mode of production in China.

Extended information: the preliminary foundation of China's modern machinery industry

Before 1949, China machinery industry was a repair industry with a weak foundation. Except for the arms industry and shipbuilding industry, other departments are mainly engaged in repair work and can only manufacture simple products.

From 1950 to 1952, after three years of economic recovery, China has carried out a series of restructuring and reconstruction of the original enterprises, and began to prepare for major projects.

For example, China No.1 Heavy Machinery Factory was partially completed and put into operation in Taiyuan in August 1953. It was also during this period that Harbin, the first large-scale motor factory in China, began to build.

In recent years, China's machinery industry has played an important role in restoring the national economy and supporting the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

The machinery industry provides large-scale precision equipment for various sectors of the national economy, such as 65,438+0,000m geological drilling rig, 300 HP diesel engine, 3,000mw hydro-generator set, 3 tons steam hammer, vertical lathes with diameters of 65,438+0m and 2m, and many key accessories.

For example, a10,000 volt high voltage stator coil was manufactured for the maintenance of two 72,500 kw hydrogenerators in Xiaofengman Hydropower Station. 16 pieces of drying cylinder fittings with a diameter of1600× 4000mm and a weight of 7-8t were manufactured for the large coinage mechanism of Shiyan Mint in Jilin.

Thousands of new products have been trial-produced in the past three years.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia _ China Modern Industry