Notes on the Important and Difficult Points of Huainan Normal Education Teaching Synthesis: Knowledge Points Must be Recalled by Education Pedagogy 1

First, famous Chinese and foreign educational sayings

1. Educate talents in the world and enjoy three pleasures. The word "teaching" first appeared in Mencius with all my heart.

2. Teaching, what is used above, what is effective below, education, and raising children are good-"Shuo Wen Jie Zi"

3. Education is a sound personality-Czech educator Comenius

4. Education is "to develop children's moral, intellectual and physical abilities according to the laws of nature-Pestalozzi"

5. Man can only become a man through education, and man is the result of education-German thinker Kant.

Second, the educational concept.

1. Education is a social activity to cultivate people. This is the stipulation of the quality of education and the fundamental difference between education and all other social phenomena.

2. Education in a broad sense: refers to all activities that purposefully enhance people's knowledge and skills, improve people's cognitive ability, influence people's ideology and morality, enhance people's physique and improve people's personality.

3. Narrow education: that is, school educators, according to the requirements of social development, follow the laws of the physical and mental development of the younger generation, and exert influence on the educated in specific educational places purposefully, planned and organized, so as to make their physical and mental development in the direction expected by society.

Three, the basic elements of educational activities and their relationship

The basic elements of educational activities include:

① Educator ② Educated ③ Educational influence

The relationship between the basic elements of educational activities;

(1) Interaction between educators and educatees.

② The relationship between educators and educatees is mediated by certain educational influence.

Fourthly, the theoretical viewpoint of the origin of education.

Theory of biological origin: representative figure: Literno's point of view: the origin of education belongs to instinct. Insufficient: the sociality of education is denied.

On the origin of mind: representative figure: Meng Lu's point of view: insufficient imitation of adult unconsciousness: denying that people are conscious.

On the origin of labor: Marx's all-round development must be combined with productive labor.

V the emergence of school education

1. School education sprouted in primitive society, and it appeared in slave society as an independent social practice department.

2. The earliest school in China was in the Yin Dynasty. Without textual research, there was a school in Xia Dynasty that became an "itch sequence". The township credits in the Zhou Dynasty are: shuyang preface school

3. The emergence of education system is the premise of the formation of institutionalized education.

4. The earliest occupation of teachers engaged in education was Shang Dynasty.

5. European feudal social education content: Seven arts include: three subjects (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and four studies (arithmetic, geometry, astronomical music).

The four books refer to The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University and The Doctrine of the Mean. The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, which are referred to as "Poems, Books, Rites, Changes and Chunqiu" for short.

Sixth, the conditions that the school needs.

(1) Social labor is bound to produce a considerable amount of surplus products, which separates some people from productive labor. At the same time, manual labor and mental labor have also been divided, and teachers specializing in education and students specializing in learning have begun to appear.

(2) accumulated a considerable amount of experience, providing specific educational content for school education.

(3) Writing and other tools for recording and transmitting culture have reached a certain level.

Seven, the emergence of slave social education conditions:

1. Economically, due to the use of iron tools, social productive forces have been greatly developed.

2. Politically, on the basis of the division of labor between body and brain, classes and countries have emerged in society.

Culturally, people have accumulated a lot of productive labor experience and social life experience.

Eight, the main characteristics of primitive social education:

1. Non-independence of education

2. The primitiveness of education

3. Equality and popularization of education

Nine, the characteristics of education in ancient society (slave society and feudal society)

1. Education is divorced from social life, especially productive labor, and schools despise manual labor and the teaching of productive experience.

2. School education is monopolized by slave owners and landlords, and it is hierarchical and hierarchical. Schools are places to train ruling talents.

3. The organizational form of individual teaching, the educational process is a process of indoctrination and passive acceptance.

X. Characteristics of modern education:

(1) Education and productive labor move from separation to integration.

② Popularization and diversification of education.

③ The scientific level of education is improving day by day.

Educational characteristics after the middle of the 20th century: (key recitation)

① Education is gradually moving towards democratization, and the service, selectivity, public welfare and fairness of education have become the basic value demands of school reform;

② The school education network based on modern information technology has been gradually established, and the time and space of school education and teaching have fundamentally changed.

③ The function of education has been fully recognized, the productive, political and cultural nature of education has been paid attention to, and the role of education in political system reform and cultural construction has been systematically and profoundly recognized.

④ The trend of internationalization and localization of education appears simultaneously.

⑤ The concept of lifelong education and popularization has become the basic concept guiding education reform, and class education has changed to lifelong education.