Picture book of subway knowledge

1. Little subway knowledge

Little knowledge about the subway 1. What common sense is necessary for safe riding in the subway?

Frequent subway accidents have caused people to pay attention to subway safety. problem attention.

As a very popular means of transportation, some netizens may take the subway to and from get off work every day. Therefore, you must know some common sense about safety when riding the subway.

Stand in line behind the yellow safety line and wait for the bus to ensure safety. 2. Get on the bus in the direction indicated by the arrow. Get off first and then get on. Please avoid crowding.

3. When getting on the train, be careful of the gap between the train and the platform, and take care of children and the elderly traveling with you. 4. Pay attention to the simultaneous opening and closing of screen doors and subway train doors, and the flashing of screen door lights and door lights.

5. Be careful with the glass of the screen door. Do not drive when the screen door indicator light flashes. 6. If the screen door cannot open automatically, please press the green button and open it manually. You can also go to the screen doors with green horizontal bars at both ends of the train and push the horizontal bars by hand.

7. Chasing, fighting, and fighting on the platform are strictly prohibited. 8. Do not force your way into the car when the door is closing.

9. Do not jump off the platform without permission and enter tracks, tunnels and other areas with warning signs. 10. Do not prevent the door from closing.

11. Never bring handbags, backpacks or other personal items close to a closing car door to avoid danger. 12. Never use emergency or safety devices in non-emergency situations.

13. When waiting for the bus, do not lean on the screen door. 14. Never force out of the car when it is closing.

The above knowledge is very useful safety knowledge for taking the subway, so you must know it.

2. Subway knowledge

Become a Wenku member with a minimum of 0.27 yuan to view the full content gt; Original publisher: dongyin415521 Basic knowledge of rail transit 1. When was the world’s first subway completed and opened to traffic? , how is the situation? Answer: The world's first subway was opened to traffic in London in 1863. The trains were pulled by steam locomotives and the total length of the line was 6.4km.

2. When was my country’s first tram line built? When was my country's first subway built? Answer: The first tram line in Shanghai was completed in 1908; my country's first subway was completed and opened to traffic in Beijing in October 1969 and put into operation in 1971. 3. What are the basic types of rail transit? Answer: There are many types of rail transit modes and there are many classification methods.

At present, the classification of rail transit in the world is roughly as follows: according to the shape of the structure or the position of the track relative to the ground, it is divided into underground railways, ground railways and elevated railways; according to the train service scope, it is divided into traditional urban rail transit, Regional express railways and suburban railways; according to transport capacity levels (large transport volume, medium transport volume, small transport volume) and vehicle types, they can be divided into underground railways, light rail transportation, monorail transportation, trams, rubber-tired subways, and linear motor vehicles , Maglev; according to the driving force of the train, it can be roughly divided into two categories: wheel-rail system and maglev system. Urban railways, subways, light rails, and monorails belong to wheel-rail systems, while linear motor vehicles strictly speaking belong to the category of maglev system; 4. What is urban rail transit? What are the concepts and main divisions of subway and light rail? Answer: Urban rail transit refers to large- and medium-volume urban public transportation vehicles running on different types of rails. It is a general term for rail transit such as subways, light rails, monorails, automatic guides, and maglevs in contemporary cities. The subway is a fast, large-capacity rail transit system built in the city that is pulled by trams. It can be built underground, on the ground, or elevated, with a transportation capacity of more than 30,000 passengers/h; compared to the subway, the light rail The transportation volume is small. The urban rail transit system is transformed and developed using modern technology on the basis of the original trams.

3. Knowledge about the subway (at least 100 words)

1. What is the subway? Metro is the abbreviation of underground railway.

It is an independent rail transit system that is not affected by ground road conditions and can operate normally according to its designed capabilities to transport passengers quickly, safely and comfortably. The subway is highly efficient, pollution-free, can meet the requirements of large transportation volume, and has good social benefits.

The subway is a rail transit, and its transportation organization, function realization, and safety guarantee should all follow the objective laws of rail transit. In terms of transportation organization, centralized dispatching, unified command, and train operations must be organized according to the operation chart; in terms of function realization, all relevant disciplines such as tunnels, lines, power supply, vehicles, communications, signals, station electromechanical equipment, and fire protection systems should be ensured to be in good condition , operates normally; in terms of safety assurance, it mainly relies on the normal operation of the driving organization and equipment to ensure the necessary driving intervals and correct driving routes.

In order to ensure the safe and punctual operation of subway trains, under the principles of centralized dispatch and unified command, train organization, equipment, vehicle maintenance, equipment operation management, safety assurance, etc. are regulated by a series of rules and regulations. The subway is an orderly, linked, and highly time-sensitive system composed of multiple professions and multiple types of work that work together and center around safe driving.

Various automated equipment with electronic computer processing technology as the core are used in the subway to replace manual, mechanical, and electrical driving organization, equipment operation, and safety assurance systems. For example, the ATC (automatic train control) system can realize automatic driving, automatic tracking, and automatic dispatching of trains; the SCADA (power supply system management automation) system can realize remote control of main substation, traction substation, and step-down substation equipment systems. Remote signaling and telemetry; BAS (environmental monitoring system) and FAS (fire alarm system) can realize the automation of station environment control and fire protection and alarm systems; AFC (automatic ticket collection system) can realize automatic ticket sales, ticket checking, classification and other functions .

These systems form separate networks across the board, with central computers set up in the OCC (control center) to implement unified command and hierarchical control. The basic types of subway networks are: single line, single loop, multi-line, and spider web.

Each subway line is composed of section tunnels (ground lines or elevated lines on the ground), stations and ancillary buildings. Stations are divided into four types according to their functions: 1. Intermediate stations: only for passengers to take off and board, and this type of station has the largest number.

2. Turnback station: A turnback line equipment at an intermediate station is called a turnaround station. It is generally set up in urban areas with large passenger flow, which can meet the needs of passengers and save operating expenses at the same time. 3. Transfer station: A station that is used both for boarding and landing passengers and for transferring passengers.

4. Terminal stations: stations at both ends of a subway line. In addition to being used for passengers to get on or off or transfer trains, they are usually used for train stops, turnarounds, temporary repairs and maintenance. 2. Characteristics of the subway (1) Fast.

The train runs at a maximum speed of 80 kilometers per hour, with an average driving speed of 36 kilometers per hour. It stops for 30 seconds at each station. The journey time of Line 1 from Xinzhuang Station to Shanghai Railway Station is 39 minutes. (2) Accurate.

Urban ground transportation is affected by road traffic conditions or weather, but the subway is not affected. During peak traffic hours, subway trains depart every 5 minutes, and train operations start at 4:55 in the morning and end at 23:26 in the evening.

(3) Safety. The trains are operated using a safety automatic control system to strictly ensure train intervals.

The subway uses dual power supplies for power supply, so the possibility of power outage is very small. The subway also attaches great importance to fire prevention measures and has sufficient fire-fighting facilities and equipment. Closed-circuit monitoring systems are installed at each station to keep abreast of the situation at the station.

In addition, police officers from the Urban Rail Branch of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau are responsible for security at each station. (4) Comfortable.

Trains and stations are equipped with air-conditioning devices to keep the temperature and humidity within the most comfortable range. The train is composed of 6 cars, each car has a capacity of 310 people, including 62 seats, and the whole train can carry 1860 passengers.

(5) Convenience. The station is beautiful, bright and clean, with modern facilities and equipment.

Due to the automatic ticket collection system, it can accommodate a large number of passengers using the subway. There are supervisors and station attendants at the station hall and platform levels to assist passengers in solving problems.

There are clear guidance signs everywhere in the subway, making it very convenient and simple for passengers to take the subway. 3. Subway vehicles Subway vehicles are an important part of the urban rail transit system and are also electromechanical equipment with high technical content.

Subway vehicles should be advanced, reliable and practical, and should meet the requirements of large capacity, safety, speed, beauty and energy saving. Subway vehicles include multiple types of trains (M, Motor) and trailers (T, Trailer), cars with driver's cabs and cars without driver's cabs.

The motor car itself has a power traction device, and the trailer itself does not have a power traction device; the motor car is divided into a motor car with a pantograph and a motor car without a pantograph. During operation, subway vehicles generally adopt a combination of moving and dragging and fixed grouping to form an electric train set.

Because it has its own power traction device and has the two functions of traction and passenger carrying, it is different from railway trains and does not need to be connected to a separate locomotive. A general subway vehicle consists of the following seven parts: (1) Car body The car body is the place where passengers and drivers (for vehicles with a driver's cab) are accommodated, and it is also the basis for installing and connecting other equipment and components.

Generally there are chassis, end walls, side walls and roofs. (2) Power bogies and non-power bogies Power bogies and non-power bogie devices are located between the car body and the track. They are used to pull and guide the vehicle to run along the track, and withstand and transmit various forces from the car body and lines. Loading and buffering its dynamic effects are key parts to ensure the running quality of the vehicle.

It is generally composed of a frame, a spring suspension device, a wheel-to-axle box device and a braking device. (3) Traction buffer connection device The safe operation of vehicles in a line-up must rely on the connection device.

In order to improve the longitudinal stability of the train, a buffer device is usually installed at the rear of the coupler to soften the impulse of the train. (4) Braking device The braking device is an indispensable device to ensure the safe operation of the train.

In addition to conventional air braking devices, urban rail vehicle braking devices also include regenerative braking, resistance braking and magnetic rail braking. (5) Current-receiving device The device that introduces current into the train from the contact wire (contact network) or conductor rail (third rail) is called a current-receiving device or current collector.

The current receiving device can be divided into the following forms according to its current receiving mode: a. Rod-shaped current receiver; b. Arch-shaped current receiver; c. Side current receiver.

4. Basic knowledge of subway

Original publisher: dongyin415521

Basic knowledge of rail transit 1. When was the world's first subway completed and opened to traffic, and what is the situation? Answer: The world's first subway was opened to traffic in London in 1863. The trains were pulled by steam locomotives and the total length of the line was 6.4km. 2. When was my country’s first tram line built? When was my country's first subway built? Answer: The first tram line in Shanghai was completed in 1908; my country's first subway was completed and opened to traffic in Beijing in October 1969 and put into operation in 1971. 3. What are the basic types of rail transit? Answer: There are many types of rail transit modes and there are many classification methods.

At present, the classification of rail transit in the world is roughly as follows: according to the shape of the structure or the position of the track relative to the ground, it is divided into underground railways, ground railways and elevated railways; according to the train service scope, it is divided into traditional urban rail transit, regional express railways and suburban railways; According to the transportation capacity level (large transportation volume, medium transportation volume, small transportation volume) and vehicle type, it can be divided into subway, light rail transportation, monorail transportation, tram, rubber tire subway, linear motor vehicle, and maglev; according to the train driving force It can be roughly divided into two categories: wheel-rail systems and maglev systems. Urban railways, subways, light rails, and monorails belong to wheel-rail systems, while linear motor vehicles strictly speaking belong to the maglev system; 4. What is urban rail transit? What are the concepts and main divisions of subway and light rail? Answer: Urban rail transit refers to large- and medium-volume urban public transportation vehicles running on different types of rails. It is a general term for rail transit such as subways, light rails, monorails, automatic guides, and maglevs in contemporary cities. The subway is a fast, large-capacity rail transit system built in the city that is pulled by trams. It can be built underground, on the ground, or elevated, with a transportation capacity of more than 30,000 passengers/h; compared to the subway, the light rail The transportation volume is small. It is an urban rail transit system that uses modern technology to transform and develop based on the original trams. The transportation volume

5. What should you pay attention to when taking the subway

1. Take the subway There are security checks on the subway and there are restrictions on carrying luggage. Just like taking a train or an airplane, taking the subway also requires security checks.

2. It is prohibited to illegally bring firearms, ammunition, crossbows, daggers, gasoline, fireworks and firecrackers and other state-regulated instruments, flammable and explosive hazardous chemicals and other items that may endanger personal safety into the station. .

3. Smoking is prohibited in stations and carriages.

4. Eating in elevators and carriages is prohibited.

5. It is prohibited to bring animals (except guide dogs wearing signs and protective gear to prevent injury) into the station or on the bus.

6. It is prohibited to bring bicycles (except folded bicycles) and other means of transportation into the station.

7. It is prohibited to bring inflatable balloons, sharp objects, easily stained items, serious odors, unpackaged fragile items and oversized bags into the station.

8. It is prohibited to bring food into elevators and subway cars to eat. You can drink water and bring drinks.

Extended information:

Emergency alarms are installed on the left side of doors 1, 4, 5, and 8 of each carriage. In an emergency, open the red button protective cover and press the red button. After pressing the alarm button, you can talk to the driver. After the driver receives the alarm message, he will promptly notify the staff to handle it.

The emergency stop button can only be used when the safety of the train or personnel is endangered. Passengers only need to break the glass and press it for 3 to 4 seconds to start. The train will stop in time after receiving the emergency signal. There are two buttons installed on each platform of the station.

After the train stops in an emergency, the door is not aligned with the sliding door. Passengers can use the emergency door to leave the car and enter the platform. Emergency doors are mainly installed in the middle and both ends of the platform. Passengers only need to push down the black handle to get down to the platform. The emergency door opening device is installed on the right side of doors 2, 3, 6 and 7 of each carriage. In an emergency, the door can be opened manually by opening the red cover and pulling down the handle.

Screen doors can separate the platform from the train operation area, ensuring subway operation and passenger safety. If the screen door cannot open automatically, you can pull up the green handle on the inside of the screen door, and then pull the door to both sides. Note that this device can only be operated in the event of an accident and when the train is stationary.

Under normal circumstances, after the train arrives at the station, if passengers find that individual screen doors cannot be opened normally, please get on and off through the "normal door" that can be opened next to it. Manual fire alarm buttons are mainly installed on the walls of station halls, platforms and passages. Once a fire breaks out at the station, the glass can be broken to alarm.

In addition, each carriage has two fire extinguishers, which are placed under the seats between doors 1 and 3 of each carriage and doors 6 and 8. In addition, there are also two fire extinguishers in the driver's cab. 2 fire extinguishers.

When a fire breaks out in a train, simply untie the two belts holding the fire extinguisher, take out the fire extinguisher, pull out the latch, aim it at the flame, and press the handle to use it.

People's Daily Online - What should you pay attention to when riding the subway? You must know these safety tips

6. Subway safety knowledge~~~~~

Original Posted by: hubin0419

Common sense about riding safety 1. When taking buses, trams and long-distance buses, you must wait at the platform or designated location. After the bus stops, get off first and then get on; on the road When getting on a motor vehicle, you should get on from the right side of the vehicle body; you are not allowed to force your way on or off a moving vehicle; 2. Do not hail taxis on the roadway or at intersections, but on the sidewalks at non-intersections. taxi. 3. Do not carry flammable, explosive and other dangerous items on buses, taxis, long-distance buses and trains. 4. When a motor vehicle is in motion, do not extend any part of your body out of the vehicle and do not jump out of the vehicle. 5. While the vehicle is driving, do not chat with the driver or act in a manner that impedes the driver's safe operation. 6. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, do not stand in the vehicle, do not throw items out of the vehicle, and fasten your seat belt when riding in the front row. 7. When riding a freight vehicle, do not ride in any other part except the cab. 8. When taking a large bus, be sure to check where the safety door and safety hammer are stored after getting on the bus. 9. Do not get on or off the vehicle in the middle of the road. 10. After getting off the car, do not suddenly walk out from in front of or behind the car to cross the road. 11. When riding in a car, you should sit firmly and hold yourself firmly. When there are no seats, you should stand with your feet naturally apart and stand sideways. Your hands should hold the handrails tightly to avoid falling and injury when the vehicle brakes suddenly. Pedestrian traffic safety knowledge 1. Pedestrians must walk on the sidewalk on the right; if there is no sidewalk, they must walk on the roadside next to the sidewalk on the right. 2. When crossing the roadway, you must use a crosswalk (zebra crossing). If there is a pedestrian overpass or pedestrian underpass, you must use the pedestrian overpass or pedestrian underpass. 3. When passing a crosswalk controlled by traffic signals, you must obey the signal warning; when the crosswalk (zebra crossing) light is green, pedestrians can cross the crosswalk (zebra crossing); when the green light flashes, pedestrians are not allowed to enter the crosswalk (zebra crossing), but they have already Those who enter the crosswalk can continue walking; when the red light is on, pedestrians are not allowed to enter the crosswalk

7. The history of rail transit in the world or common sense

A brief history of the development of light rail transit in the world. A medium-capacity urban rail transit passenger transport system, its passenger volume is between subways and buses.

Light rail can be divided into two categories: the vehicle model and track structure are similar to the subway, and the transportation capacity is slightly smaller than the subway. The light rail transit becomes a quasi-subway; the other type is the transportation capacity is slightly larger than the bus. A new type of tram that runs on the ground and can be used on the right of way. It is a new rapid rail transit system developed on the basis of traditional trams. Due to its low cost, no pollution, comfortable ride, and short construction period, it has been accepted by large and medium-sized cities in many countries. In recent years, it has continued to receive development and promotion.

Trams have a history of more than 100 years. During the 1881 Berlin Industrial Exposition in Germany, a low-power tram consisting of three trams was displayed, which could only seat 6 people and run back and forth on a 400m-long track.

This was the world's first tram, which provided creative inspiration to the world. The world's first commercial tram system was launched in Richmond, Virginia, USA in 1888.

Since then, the tram system has developed rapidly. In the 1920s, the total length of tram lines in the United States was 25,000km. By the 1930s, trams in Europe, Japan, India and my country had developed greatly.

In 1908, my country's first tram was completed and opened to traffic in Shanghai. By 1909, a large number of trams were also built. In the following years, my country's Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Harbin, Changchun, Cities such as Anshan have built trams one after another, which played a backbone role in the public transportation in Chinese cities at that time.

However, the old tram runs in the middle of the city road, runs mixed with other vehicles, and is controlled by the traffic lights at the intersection. It runs very slowly, has low punctuality, is noisy, and has poor acceleration and deceleration performance. However, it is still a convenient transportation for residents to travel. tool.

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the number of private cars in Western countries has increased dramatically. A large number of cars have flooded the streets. The urban road area is obviously not enough, which has led to the demolition of automobiles in major cities around the world. Tram lines. This gust of wind also affected our country. By the end of the 1950s, the relevant big cities in my country had dismantled very few trams. Only three cities, Changchun, Dalian and Anshan, had their trams not dismantled and kept them. To this day, it continues to undertake normal highway and passenger transportation tasks.

However, the excessive growth in the number of cars has caused new problems in urban traffic: traffic jams, reduced driving speeds, serious air pollution and noise, and it is difficult to even find a suitable place to park in downtown areas. By the early 1960s, some densely populated large cities in the West, in addition to considering building underground railways, turned their attention again to surface rail transportation.

The use of modern high technology to transform and develop tram systems has achieved remarkable results in Europe and the United States. According to incomplete statistics, there are now more than 270 cities in the world with new tram systems, indicating that new trams are playing an important role in cities in some countries.

In March 1978, the International Union of Public Transport (UITP) held a meeting in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, at which the unified name of the new tram transportation was determined, which was called Light Rail Transit in English. "Light Rail", the English abbreviation LRT. What needs to be explained here is that in our country, according to our country's "Construction Standards for Urban Rapid Rail Transit Projects (Trial)", light rail is used to name medium-volume subways (including ground and elevated railways), while Europe calls "light rail ”, generally purpose-built modern tram transportation.

In order to be compatible with the European definition, we propose that light rail is divided into two categories - quasi-metro and new tram. The difference between the quasi-subway and the subway is that the transportation volume and axle load are smaller, the curve radius is smaller, and the "maximum slope" is larger; otherwise, there is not much difference, so I will not go into details here.

New trams play an important role in public transportation in cities around the world. Although the number of private cars in Western cities is still increasing, the development of new trams is still a challenge. Key items. For example, France's first modern tram line was completed and opened to traffic in Nantes in 1984. The line length is 10.16km and has 22 stations. The vehicle uses a six-axle single-articulated electric bus with driver's cabs at both ends. , each vehicle is fully loaded with a capacity of 276 people, and the one-way passenger capacity during peak hours is 9,000-18,000 passengers.

Since the 1970s, modern trams have developed rapidly around the world. More than 60 cities in economically developed countries such as Europe and the United States have built tram lines. In Asia, except Japan, Manila, the Philippines The new tram from Tuen Mun to Yuen Long in Hong Kong is also very representative. Due to the rapid development of high technology, the medium-capacity rail transit system is no longer completely limited to the traditional steel wheel rail system, but has formed a variety of new concepts, such as linear electric locomotive system; new transportation with rubber wheel system System (AGT); straddle-type monorail transportation system and suspended monorail system, etc.

World Rail Transit Blog/.

8. Subway-related knowledge

Guangzhou Metro Line 4 has created two more firsts in the industry: the world’s first medium-to-large capacity linear motor line; the country’s first A rail transit line using linear motor vehicle technology. It is reported that two new trains will be put into use during the trial operation of the University Town Special Line of Line 4 at the end of next month.

L-type cars, four-section trains

The maximum speed can reach 90 kilometers per hour

It is understood that Guangzhou Metro Lines 1 and 2 are A-type cars, and 3 Line 1 is a B-type train, while

Line 4 is an L-type train, using four-car trains. The four-car train is about 71 meters long and 2.8 meters wide. The side of the car body is a drum-shaped structure. The maximum operating speed is 90 kilometers per hour. Each car can carry 240 passengers. The train floor, roof, side walls, and end walls are made of heat and sound insulation materials, and each car is equipped with three sets of plug doors on each side.

It is reported that Metro Line 4 will be the first in my country to use a linear motor system, allowing the train’s climbing ability to reach more than 70‰.

Low operating noise

Install cameras and intercoms

According to reports, due to the light weight of the linear motor vehicles of Line 4, the noise and vibration generated by the wheel rails are also reduced. Greatly reduced, passengers will have a quieter and more comfortable ride.

9. Civilized etiquette on the subway

1. Almost every station has an outside vertical elevator, specially designed for people with limited mobility (wheelchairs, strollers, etc.) or those who carry Baggage is provided for each person, and other passengers please use the escalator as much as possible.

2. When buying tickets and entering the gate, queue up to pass; when waiting for the bus, queue up according to the signs on the ground, get off first and then get on. Try to move as close to the middle of the car as possible to leave room for other waiting passengers to get on the bus. Do not stack large items at the car door to avoid disturbing other passengers' boarding and alighting.

3. The subway trains are frequent and punctual. When the lights flash and the bell rings, please stop outside the yellow line. Do not rush to get on or off, do not be a "passenger", and wait patiently for the next train. Do not rely on handrails or hang belongings on the ring handles. Leave a safety handrail for others. When there are many passengers in the carriage, passengers carrying backpacks should take off their backpacks and carry them in their hands to leave more space in the carriage and avoid causing discomfort to others.

4. When seated, do not extend your feet into the aisle to avoid causing inconvenience to other standing passengers. Do not lie down or place items on the seat, and leave a seat for other passengers. Do not occupy special seats on the train for special persons, and offer your seat to those in need when it is convenient for you. On rainy days, please bring your own convenient bag to store rain gear. Do not place rain gear on the seats to prevent the rain from making the ground slippery or affecting other people's seating.

5. Do not eat or drink in subway stations or carriages to avoid disturbing others with the smell of food. Do not bring poultry, pets, or items with serious odors into the station to avoid disturbing other passengers. Avoid entering the bus station when you are shirtless, barefoot, or dripping with sweat.

6. Please speak softly at the station and in the carriage, use earplugs when listening to and watching electronic products, and try to keep the volume down when answering mobile phones. This not only takes into account personal privacy, but also respects the feelings of others. During peak passenger flow periods, passengers reading newspapers should pay attention to the range of your movements to avoid disturbing adjacent passengers.

7. The space of subway stations is relatively closed and small. Keep the bathrooms in the stations clean and avoid filth, so that they can be used by those who come after you.

8. Avoid wearing makeup while riding in the car. Avoid riding the subway while drunk.

9. Please refrain from private and intimate behaviors at stations and carriages.

10. *** Same as *** Begging, selling and obstructing other people’s business activities in the car.