How to divide the composition

first, how to divide a composition into paragraphs? Write a paragraph?

Segmentation refers to dividing an article into relatively complete units in meaning and relatively independent units in the article. Dividing paragraphs helps to clarify the hierarchical structure of the article, understand the author's ideas, deepen the understanding of the content of the article, and also contribute to the development of logical thinking ability. The common methods of dividing paragraphs are: 1. Merging method. First, summarize the main content of each natural segment, then recognize the relationship between natural segments, and then merge multiple natural segments that explain the same content into structural segments. Second, the three-stage alternative method. Every text has a beginning, a middle and an end, and then we can make some changes on this basis. Third, the key breakthrough method. First, summarize the key contents of the full text in one sentence, then find out the starting and ending points of this key event or key issue, determine the key paragraphs, and finally look at what the key paragraphs say before and after, and consider how to segment the full text. Fourth, the sign recognition method. In articles with vertical structure, words and expressions that indicate the passage of time, the change of place and the haunting of characters are often signs of segmentation, while in articles with horizontal structure, such signs are often manifested as total sentence at the beginning or summary sentences at the end of some paragraphs. Grasping these signs can smoothly segment. How to segment a composition? Write a paragraph?

I just started to learn to divide the text paragraphs, and on the basis of understanding the text content (that is, understanding the language and characters), I trained step by step. First, show the paragraph meaning of the text. According to these paragraph meanings, compare yourself with the text to see which paragraph or paragraphs mean this, and then draw it out. There are several natural paragraphs in the full text, which one or several natural paragraphs are closely related, and they are all described or described around which paragraph. In this way, on the basis of understanding the text, after the teacher's instruction and guidance, even if the students start to divide the text paragraphs, they can divide them naturally, and initially understand the segmentation method in the order of things. 1.? In the order of things. 2.? According to the position (space, place) transformation order. 3.? In chronological order. 4.? Classify and segment according to the nature of things. 5.? According to the total score relationship.

Some text segmentation methods are new to everyone, so it's really difficult and impossible to tell them apart at once. We can divide the paragraphs first, tell the students the results first, and then everyone will tell the reasons for the segmentation (that is, the basis for the segmentation) and know why. For example, after reading the text again and thinking deeply, it is not difficult to know that the first natural paragraph always writes the impression of the Summer Palace and can become a paragraph independently; The second natural paragraph is all about the scenery of the promenade, and it should be a paragraph of its own; In the third and fourth paragraphs, it is said that the scenery under Wanshou Mountain should be merged into one section. The fifth natural paragraph says that all kinds of scenery on Kunming Lake should also become a section independently; The sixth natural section echoes the first section. The Summer Palace is a beautiful place to visit, and it should be an independent section. Then tell me in what order the whole text is organized and arranged. It is not difficult to understand that the full text is based on the order of the author's visit, according to the location (location) change: promenade → Wanshou Mountain → Kunming Lake, to organize materials and arrange paragraphs. Explain the reasons of segmentation step by step, find out the ins and outs of segmentation, so as to know both what it is and why it is, and master this segmentation method by place (position) transformation.

There are generally five ways to segment articles: according to the sequence of events (cause, process and result), according to the change of time (finding time words), according to the transfer of places (finding words that change places), according to the category of things, and according to the structure of articles (total score, blank lines and subheadings). This is more detailed and more operable. After understanding this, you can pay attention to these characteristics in the future. After a long time, the sense of language will come out.

Second, how to correctly use punctuation marks

How to correctly use question marks

A question mark is a pause symbol after a question is finished, which mostly indicates a questioning tone. The following points are often involved in the exam:

(1) If there is a title in the question, question marks will be used at the end of the sentence regardless of the title.

Have you ever been to Shanghai, Xiao Liu?

have you ever been to Shanghai, Xiao Liu?

(2) exclamations such as "ah" and "yi" are also interrogative, followed by question marks.

For example:

Huh? Why is my pen missing?

huh? How could it be him?

(3) For questions indicating choice, there is usually only one question mark, which is placed at the end of the whole sentence with commas between items.

For example,

Tomorrow's trip, are you going or not?

(4) Whether to use question marks, we should look at the whole sentence to see whether the question is really asked, whether there is an interrogative tone, and whether there are interrogative words such as "who", "what" and "how". Some sentences are interrogative and some sentences are not interrogative, so we should distinguish them clearly.

For example,

1 Who is he?

I don't know who he is.

3 no one knows who he is.

The first sentence is a question, so you should use a question mark, while the second and third sentences can be used as "Who is he?" It only appears as an object in these two sentences, or it is no longer an independent sentence in these two sentences, but only a sentence component, so the whole sentence is not a question, so you can't use a question mark. Another example:

1 Are you going or is he going?

I haven' t made up my mind whether you will go or he will.

sentence 1 is an interrogative sentence, and there is no doubt that a question mark is used. However, in sentence 2, "Are you going or is he going" is the subject of the whole sentence, and the independence of the sentence has been abolished. The whole sentence is not an interrogative tone, so you can no longer use a question mark, but a comma.

(5) The language unit quoted locally generally does not need punctuation, but it can be reserved if it is a question mark.

As soon as I entered the door, I saw a message "Did you waste your time today?" The slogan.

(6) Some imperative sentences that express the tone of merchants can also use a question mark at the end of the sentence.

would you please come in?

How to use the exclamation mark correctly

When using the exclamation mark, we should pay attention to the following points:

(1) When two exclamations are used together, the exclamation mark is usually used for the last one.

such as

ah, ah! Back to my hometown.

(2) exclamations with strong feelings can also be used.

For example,

Sister Xianglin, please leave it!

But in this case, you should pay attention to the position of the exclamation point.

For example,

Biker, stop!

stop, cyclist!

The meaning of the above two sentences is basically the same, but the word order is different, but in any case, the exclamation point should be placed at the end of the sentence.

(3) strong rhetorical questions can also use exclamation marks,

for example,

where can you sing so touching!

(4) Exclamation marks are also used after strong single sentences or non-subject predicate sentences. Such as:

plane!

long distance!

(5) Use exclamation marks after address terms, response words and onomatopoeia, as well as at the end of oral slogans, if they are strongly emotional.

Long live the great unity of the people all over the world!

(6) The language unit quoted locally generally does not need punctuation, but if it is an exclamation point, it can be retained, which is the same as a question mark.

As soon as he reached the alley, he suddenly heard "Ouch!" Let out a loud cry.

(7) The quotation unit with exclamation tone is placed at the end of the sentence and becomes an integral part of the sentence. The exclamation mark should be placed in quotation marks.

but he finally let go, just glared at him and spat, "bah!" "

As soon as the expert caught his eye, he froze and couldn't help blurting out "Good!"

what problems should be paid attention to when using commas

(1) pause between subject and predicate

There is generally no need to pause between subject and predicate, but the following four situations need to pause, so use commas.

When the subject is emphasized first, for example,

He is the headmaster of Peking University.

When the second complex phrase is used as the subject, such as:

1. Many comrades of the Chinese people and the Drug Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Health immediately stopped other work and dealt with this urgent matter.

2. This great blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

3. Everyone should hand in an annual summary, which is explicitly requested by the headmaster.

There are modal particles after the third subject, and commas should be used after the modal particles, for example,

He, still can't get rid of this bad habit.

When the fourth predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, such as

Your application has been approved by the principal.

(2) There are four common situations when used between sentence elements in inversion.

In sentences with the first predicate, use commas after the predicate, such as:

1. Get up, people who don't want to be slaves!

2. What's the matter with you?

when the second attribute is postpositioned, it is preceded by a comma.

around the lotus pond, there are many trees, which are lush.

When the third adverbial is postpositioned, it is preceded by a comma, for example,

He walked into the classroom and gently.

the fourth adverbial refers to the sentence before the subject, and a comma should be used after it, such as

1. Gently, he walked into the classroom.

2. Suddenly, the phone on my desk rang with a quick bell.

3. In that shabby little house, father and son lived for thirty years.

(3) The object is relatively long, especially when the subject-predicate phrase is used as the object or the verb phrase is used as the object, a comma is often used in front of it. As far as I remember, he was only fifteen or sixteen.

2. The first thing he does after getting up every morning is to play Tai Ji Chuan for half an hour.

(4) Use a comma after the compound reference phrase or between the components, for example:

1. Wang Chuan, our monitor, fell ill yesterday.

2. This is the headmaster of our school and a national model worker.

(5) In addition to the general components, there are independent components in the sentence, that is, parenthesis, and commas should be used between these independent components and the general components, such as:

1. What kind of class, more precisely, what kind of class position you stand on, has what kind of ideal.

2. We, including leading comrades, are going to plant trees tomorrow.

(6) Commas are commonly used between long coordinate phrases, such as

political darkness, class contradictions and people's sufferings are fully reflected in his works.

(7) Use commas between repeated words, such as:

Water, water, I want to drink water.

(8) Use commas after a few related words, exclamations with weak exclamation tone, and address forms with weak emotional color, such as

1. You can leave this company, but you have the responsibility to keep the information of this company confidential.

2. Alas, you still don't realize the main focus error.

3. Old Shuan, this is your luck!

(9) When coordinate phrases are used as predicates or complements, commas are generally used between coordinate phrases instead of pause.

1. This article is true and touching.

2. This article is true and touching.

(1) The prepositional phrase composed of "ba" and "bei" is closely related to the head, and the concurrent word is closely related to the preceding verb. Therefore, no comma can be used after this kind of prepositional phrase, such as

1. We must take the construction of party style as the top priority.

2. The principal offender has been sentenced to eight years' imprisonment by the people's court.

3. We must help young people to improve their cultural accomplishment.

What needs to be pointed out in particular is that whether commas should be used or not must be clearly distinguished, and it is useless to use them instead of using them, which sometimes leads to confusion in the meaning of sentences. Therefore, it should be used accurately according to the needs of ideographic expression. For example,

1. He was persecuted because he conscientiously implemented the regulations and did not stamp the official seal of "qualified meat" on the sick pork he bought, as the director of the station intended.

2. My sister is worried that she can't find her parents.

the meaning of sentence 1 is ambiguous because a comma is added after the word "intention". Two sentences should be added with a comma instead of adding it, which makes the sentence ambiguous.

How to use pause correctly

When using pause, we should pay attention to the following points:

(1) If there are "he", "and" and "or" in the coordinate phrase, you can't use pause before the conjunction. The above conjunctions are often used between the last two items of coordinate phrases. For example,

China has made great progress in science, culture, art, health education and press and publication.

(2) Some coordinate words don't pause or pause very little when they are read, so there is no need to add pause in the middle. Such as "primary and secondary school students", "Chinese and foreign journalists" and "industry and agriculture", among which "small and medium", "Chinese and foreign" and "workers and peasants" do not need to use pause.

(3) It is not a coordinate word, and no pause can be used in the middle. For example,

My family lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the pause in the example

cannot be used, because the pause before and after it is not a coordinate relationship, but a subordinate relationship.

(4) If short coordinate phrases are emphasized, commas are used instead of pause. For this interview, you must bring three things: a pen, a tape recorder and a camera.

(5) When two adjacent numbers are used together, you don't need a pause to indicate an approximate number, but if this number is an ellipsis and indicates a definite reference, you must use a pause. Such as:

1. Three or four miles, three or five days, fifteen or six years old, fifty or sixty kinds of nine times out of ten

2. There are six parts in the full text, but three or four parts are ambiguous.

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