What is the sixteen-character principle of water exploration and drainage?

A: If you are in doubt, you must explore, explore before digging, explore before mining.

first, the principle of water exploration and drainage

1) We must adhere to the 16-character policy of "forecast, explore if there is any excavation, explore before digging, treat before mining", and we must also implement the principle of "stop when in doubt".

before driving or discharging flooded tunnels and ponding water near the ponding area, it is necessary to work out the design of water exploration and drainage, and take safety measures to prevent the harm of gas and other harmful gases.

the sparse and dense arrangement and advance distance of water exploration holes should be specified in the design of water exploration and drainage according to the water head, the thickness and hardness of coal (rock) layer and safety measures.

2) When the tunneling face encounters the following situations, the drainage line must be determined for water exploration:

(1) When approaching the flooded or possibly waterlogged roadway, goaf or adjacent coal mine, the location of the water outlet point of the roadway, the water accumulation range, elevation and water accumulation amount of the roadway and goaf with water accumulation must be drawn on the mining engineering plan. The location of the water detection line should be marked in the flooded area. When you reach the waterline, you must explore the water and move forward.

(2) When there are water-conducting faults, cracks (zones) and collapse columns associated with karst caves, aquifers and their hydraulics, it is necessary to find out their positions, and set up waterproof coal columns according to regulations. When the roadway must pass through the above structure, water must be explored to advance. If there is water in front, it should be pre-grouted, blocked and reinforced in advance, and waterproof gates should be built in advance or other preventive measures should be taken if necessary.

3) Precautions for water exploration:

(1) Before installing the drilling rig to explore water, the following provisions should be observed:

A. Strengthen the roadway support near the drilling field, and lay solid columns and baffles head-on at the working face.

B. clear the roadway and dig the drainage ditch. When the water exploration drilling hole is located in the low-lying part of the roadway, it must be equipped with drainage equipment suitable for the water exploration and discharge.

C. install a dedicated telephone at or near the drilling site.

D. Surveying and outburst prevention personnel must go to the site in person to determine the position, orientation, angle, depth and number of main water exploration holes according to the design.

(2) In areas where the water pressure is expected to be high, before water exploration drilling, the orifice pipe and control gate valve must be installed first, and the pressure resistance test must be carried out. After the designed water pressure is reached, drilling is allowed to continue. In particularly dangerous areas, there should be shelters and disaster avoidance routes should be specified.

(3) When the water pressure in the borehole is too high, back pressure and blowout preventer shall be used for drilling, and measures shall be taken to prevent the orifice pipe and coal (rock) wall from suddenly bulging.

(4) When drilling, if the coal and rock are found to be soft, spalling, weighting or water pressure in the borehole, the water volume suddenly increases, and there are abnormal conditions such as top drilling, the drilling must be stopped, but the drill pipe must not be pulled out. The person in charge at the scene should immediately report to the operation department and send someone to monitor the water situation. If the situation is found to be critical, all personnel in the water-threatened area must be evacuated immediately and measures should be taken to deal with it.

(5) Before exploring and discharging the old empty water, the spatial position, water accumulation and water pressure of the old empty water should be analyzed and found out first. When the water accumulation area in the old empty space is higher than the drainage point, only the drilling rig is allowed to drain water, and the drainage hole must hit the old empty water body, and the whole process of draining water should be monitored to check the drainage amount until the old empty water is discharged. When the borehole is close to the old empty space and gas or other harmful gases are expected to gush out, tile inspectors or mine rescuers must be on duty at the scene to check the air composition. If the concentration of gas or other harmful gases exceeds the regulations, it is necessary to immediately stop drilling, cut off power supply, evacuate personnel, and report to the mine operation department for timely treatment.

(6) Before drilling water, the amount of accumulated water must be estimated, and the water discharge flow should be controlled according to the mine water inflow and drainage capacity and the capacity of the water tank; When discharging water, it is necessary to assign special personnel to monitor the situation of drilling water, determine the water quantity and water pressure, and make records. If the water volume changes suddenly, it must be handled in time and reported to the mine operation department immediately.

(7) Before the flooded roadway is restored, there must be a mine rescue team to check the air composition on the water surface. If harmful gases are found, they must be handled in time. In the process of drainage, if there is the possibility that harmful gas sealed by water suddenly gushes out, safety measures must be formulated.

Second, the design of water exploration and drainage

(1) The drilling holes for water exploration should keep proper advance distance, help distance and density. The water exploration work is carried out in the way of "water exploration-excavation-water exploration". After a safe distance is found for roadway excavation by water exploration drilling, the roadway is allowed to be excavated for a certain distance, and then exploration and excavation are carried out to ensure the safety of excavation.

a. lead distance: the position of the final hole for water exploration drilling should always be a distance ahead of the heading face, generally 2m

B. drilling density (hole spacing): refers to the distance between water exploration drilling holes on the cross section of the allowable heading distance, generally not exceeding 3m, so as not to miss the water accumulation area, and 2m is desirable for this mine.

C. help distance: in order to keep a certain safe distance between the two sides of the roadway and the possible water body, that is, the distance between the control range of the outermost water exploration holes arranged in a fan shape and the roadway help, which is the same as the lead distance, 2m is taken.

D. arrangement of boreholes in coal seam drift: it is mainly to explore the old empty water in the small kiln on the upper side of roadway, and the boreholes are arranged in a semi-fan shape on the upper side of roadway. Thin coal seams are generally arranged in 3 groups, with 1-2 holes in each group; Thick coal seams are generally arranged in 3 groups, with no less than 3 holes in each group.

because this mine belongs to medium-thick coal seam, three groups of boreholes are arranged, each group has three holes, and the included angle between boreholes is 8.5.

(2) arrangement of boreholes in downhill roadway in inclined coal seam: boreholes are arranged in front of the roadway in a fan shape, and thin coal seam is generally arranged in 5 groups, with 1-2 holes in each group. Thick coal seams are generally arranged in 5 groups, with no less than 3 holes in each group, and at least one hole in each group has peaked or bottomed.

this mine belongs to medium-thick coal seam, so five groups of drilling holes are arranged, each group has three holes, and the included angle between horizontal and inclined drilling holes is 8.5.

(3) The auxiliary inclined shaft boreholes are arranged in a fan shape, with 3 boreholes in each group, and the lead distance is controlled to be 2m, and the circulation is carried out.

iii. Model and quantity of water exploration and drainage equipment

One tunnel drill for ZDY－65 coal mine and one rock drill for KHYD14 coal mine are equipped.

IV. Water exploration methods

1) Starting point of water exploration

(1) If the flood caused by this mine is clear and the pressure is not less than 1MPA, the minimum distance from the water exploration line to the water accumulation area is not less than 3m in the coal seam and not less than 2m in the rock stratum; When the flood caused is unclear, the distance from the waterline to the inferred water accumulation area shall not be less than 6m.

(2) When there is a fault or collapse column near the driving roadway, the distance from the water detection line to the bearing coal pillar line shall be no less than 6m.

(3) The advance distance of 2m is controlled in roadway excavation.

2) Drilling depth and advance distance

The distance from the fundus of ground water drilling hole to the excavation face shall not be less than the advance distance of 2 meters (not less than 6 meters in thin coal seam and 5-1 meters in rock stratum), and the drilling depth is generally about 4 meters (2-3 meters can be continuously excavated after such a drilling).

3) Borehole diameter

Starting from the principle that both exploration and drainage are effective, and the coal wall can be prevented from being washed away and the water discharge is too large, the hole diameter is not more than 7 mm.

4) arrangement of drilling holes and number of holes

(1) water exploration in the old pond: after exploration, the distance between drilling holes at the excavation stop shall not exceed 3m to prevent leakage.

(2) detecting fault water: the opening position must be outside the drainage coal pillar and the fault stress influence zone, so as to prevent the coal and rock from being out of control after water is broken.

(3) The number of drilling holes shall be at least 3 on the principle of ensuring the necessary density.

V. Safety measures for water exploration and drainage

(1) Before water exploration, reinforce the support in the water exploration work area, and back up the roof to prevent the pressure from washing away the coal wall and support.

(2) clear the roadway to ensure the safe evacuation route is clear;

(3) Ensure that the ditch is unblocked, with proper slope and section, and the water storage and drainage equipment should have sufficient capacity and capacity.

(4) Telephone should be installed at the water exploration site to connect with all the workplaces that may be threatened by water, and evacuation routes should be made in advance to prevent accidents.

(5) In the process of drilling, if it is found that coal and rock are soft or the flowing water along the drill pipe exceeds the normal water supply for drilling, it is necessary to immediately stop drilling (the drill pipe cannot be moved or pulled out), send someone to monitor the water situation and report to the mine dispatching room. If the situation is critical, it is necessary to immediately notify all threatened places to evacuate people and take emergency measures.

(6) When the borehole is close to the mined-out area, harmful gas may gush out, so it must be monitored at any time; Ventilation of water exploration points must be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations.

To sum up, if you are in doubt, you must explore, explore before digging, explore before mining.

references

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