About the land resources and vegetation in Qinghai, detailed!

Super detailed, be prepared 1. The total land resources in Qinghai Province are second only to Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang, ranking fourth in the country, with a land area of 7216.54 million square kilometers. 2. Characteristics of land resources (1) The land area is large, but the quality is poor and there are few high-quality land. Qinghai Province is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with high altitude, low temperature and little precipitation, and the degree of land development in most areas is low. From the perspective of land types, mountainous areas, dry land, Gobi, desert, glaciers, cold desert, land with thin soil layer and rough texture affect land quality. Qinghai also has a certain area of high-quality land, mainly distributed in Hehuang area, Hehuang basin and Qaidam basin in the east. The loess area or red soil area in Hehuang area in the east has deep soil layer, warm climate, more precipitation and better land quality. * * * and Qaidam basin have warmer climate, but less precipitation. In some areas, the soil layer is thick, and there is water source irrigation in a small area. The quality of land with thick soil layer is better. (2) The land types are diverse and the vertical distribution is obvious. Qinghai province has a vast land, with a difference of 8 degrees between north and south latitudes, and diverse landforms, soils and vegetation types, which constitute more land types. Taking the eastern loess area as an example, the vertical divisions of land types are: river valley, hilly land, Zhongshan land, alpine land and extra-high mountain land. The vertical division of land use in this area is as follows: below 2800 meters above sea level, spring wheat isothermal crops are mainly planted, and grassland is agricultural and pastoral areas; From 2800 meters to 3300 meters above sea level, it mainly grows cold-resistant crops such as green trees and rape, as well as natural grasslands and forests, and is an agricultural, forestry and pastoral area; 3300-3900 meters above sea level is used for animal husbandry; The lowest altitude is 1 650m, and the highest altitude is 6860m. With the increase of altitude, the land types have changed accordingly, and obvious vertical belt spectrum of land has appeared. (3) There are many grasslands, and there are few forestlands suitable for agriculture, but the distribution is relatively concentrated. Qinghai has a large grassland area, accounting for 50.46% of the province's total land area. It is one of the five pastoral areas in China. Grassland is mainly concentrated in the southern Qinghai Plateau, Qilian Mountain and the mountainous area on the southeast edge of Qaidam Basin. The cultivated land area only accounts for 1.54% of the total land area of the province, mainly distributed in Hehuang area, Hehuang basin and Qaidam basin in the east. The land suitable for forest only accounts for 6. 1% of the total land area of the province, mainly distributed in the southeast. Types and distribution of land resources, Qinghai has 13 first-class land resource types and 75 second-class land resource types. Its land type and distribution: 1. Rivers, lakes, beaches and wetlands are mainly distributed in Qaidam Basin, Chaka Basin, Qinghai Lake Basin, and lakes and beaches in the basin, excluding alpine wetlands in Qingnan Plateau and Qilian Mountains. The soil is mainly lacustrine deposit and alluvium. Qaidam basin and Chaka basin have dry climate, strong evaporation, many salt lakes and fresh water lakes. There are many saline-alkali beaches and marshes around the lake. The climate of Qinghai Lake Basin and * * * and Basin is semi-arid, and meadows and beaches are mostly formed by the lake. 2. The flat land is mainly distributed in Qaidam basin, Qinghai Lake basin, * * and basin, Menyuan basin and intermountain basin in the east of Qinghai Province. There is a large area of wind erosion in Ya Dan Plain in the northwest of Qaidam Basin. The climate is extremely dry and there is basically no plant growth on the surface. Surface salt and fine earth-like substances are cemented together to form a hard salt field, which is a salt desert flat. In the north and southeast of the basin, near the phreatic overflow zone at the front of the alluvial-diluvial belt, a sandy meadow flat is formed; In the eastern part of the basin, between 2900 meters and 3200 meters above sea level, there is a little more precipitation, forming a brown calcareous soil flat. There is more precipitation in Menyuan basin in the east of Qilian Mountain, and the vegetation is meadow grassland, forming chernozem flat land. * * * and the basin, Qinghai Lake basin and the eastern mountain basin, the climate is semi-arid, and the calcareous soil is flat. 3. Oasis land Oasis land is mainly distributed in the Qaidam basin, and there are also a few in the * * * and basins. The climate in this area is warm and arid, and the soil is gray-brown desert soil, brown calcium soil and light chestnut soil. Mainly agricultural land, irrigation with water, planting shelter forests, forming oases. Oasis is a local production base of grain, oil and vegetables. 4. It is slow and gentle, and it is distributed everywhere except the cold Qingnan Plateau, the cold area of Qilian Mountain and the western part of Qaidam Basin. Generally, the gentle slope is 3-7 degrees, and the surface composition has both flood and slope accumulation, and the groundwater level is deep. Desertification grassland and arid grassland vegetation grow on the flat land in Huangshui and Yellow River areas in eastern Qinghai Province, and the soil is calcareous soil and chestnut soil. In the eastern part of Qaidam basin, on the gentle land with an altitude of 2700-3250 meters, the vegetation is temperate desert grassland and the soil is brown calcium soil; Qinghai Lake Basin, * * * and the basin, on the gentle land at an altitude of 2,600-3,500m, vegetation develops into meadow grassland and dry grassland, and the soil is correspondingly dark chestnut soil. Dark chestnut soil has dry farming or forage fields. Chestnut soil must be leveled and lightly irrigated before crops can be planted. 5. Terraces are distributed all over Qinghai Province, generally in front of the mountain, and are cut by rivers to form terraces. The platform is relatively flat, with slopes or scarps at the edges, and the relative height is generally above 50 meters, which is completely unaffected by groundwater. The Huangshui and Yellow River basins in the east of Qinghai Province are calcareous soil platforms, or loess platforms, which are below 2300 meters above sea level. There are chernozem terraces in the meadow grassland at an altitude of 2800-3300 meters. The eastern part of Qaidam basin is a desert soil or semi-desert soil platform with an altitude of 2800-3250 meters. Qingnan Plateau and Qilian Mountain are extremely cold areas, and alpine desert grassland platforms are concentrated in the west of Hala Lake and Hoh Xil in the west of Qilian Mountain. Alpine grassland platforms are concentrated in some areas east of Hala Lake in Qilian Mountains, north of Tuohe River in Qingnan Plateau and maduo county area. In the southeast of Qingnan Plateau and the area above 3300 meters above sea level in Qilian Shandong, it is distributed in alpine meadow platform. 6. Rivers and valleys are common in Qinghai, and floodplains and valley terraces are widely distributed. The surface is composed of alluvium, the soil contains no or a small amount of saline-alkali, the water source condition is good, and most areas with thick soil layers and good heat conditions can be developed for planting. 7. Deserts and deserts are mainly distributed in Qaidam Basin, * * and Qinghai Lake Basin, with a small amount in the west of Qingnan Plateau and the west of Qilian Mountain. The desert surface is mainly composed of fine sand, with low groundwater level and sparse or no drought-tolerant vegetation. The general forms of desert are sand dunes, sand dunes and calm sand. 8. Gobi Gobi is concentrated in the piedmont inclined plain of Qaidam Basin. The terrain is gentle, the climate is extremely dry, the evaporation is large, and the groundwater level is deep. Vegetation is sparse, mainly xerophytic and ultra-xerophytic shrubs and semi-shrubs, and some Gobi desert is barren. The composition of the surface is gravel and gravel, and gypsum is accumulated in the gravel layer. The soil is mainly gray-brown desert soil. 9. The low mountains and hills are distributed in the lower part of the mountain, and the relative height is less than 100 meters, which are distributed everywhere except the Qinghai-South Plateau and the alpine region of Qilian Mountain. There are low hills with calcareous soil and chestnut soil on both sides of the East River and the Yellow Sea. There are brown calcareous soil hills and gray-brown desert soil hills in Qaidam Basin. The hilly land in the east has good heat conditions. The soil parent material is loess or red soil, and the annual precipitation is 25-400 mm. However, due to the serious destruction of vegetation and unreasonable utilization, soil erosion is serious. L0。 The mountains are distributed in the middle of the mountain. Due to the different geographical location and mountain shape, its distribution and altitude are not consistent in different places, and the upper limit of distribution gradually decreases from south to north. The upper limit of Banma and Yushu in the south is 4000-4300 meters, and that of Menyuan in the north is 3300 meters. The precipitation is slightly higher than that in low hilly areas, and the temperature drops slightly. From east to west in the northern region, with the increase of drought degree, the order of land types is chestnut soil mountain, brown calcium soil mountain and gray-brown desert mountain. 1 1. Mountain plains are mainly distributed on the surface of Qingnan Plateau and Qilian Mountain Plateau, where the surface fluctuation is small and the river cutting degree is light. The surface materials are mainly composed of alpine residual autumn wind deposits and modern rivers and lakes alluvial proluvial. The climate is cold, and the annual average temperature is below 0℃. The soil is alpine meadow soil and alpine grassland soil. This kind of land has a large area and flat terrain, and is one of the main grasslands in Qinghai. 12. Alpine land Alpine land is mainly distributed in the south of Qinghai Plateau and the upper part of Qilian Mountain. The altitude is high, Qilian Mountain is generally above 3300 meters, and Qingnan Plateau is above 4000 meters to 4300 meters. The climate is cold, the annual average temperature is below 0℃, and freezing weathering is strong. Vegetation is mainly alpine meadow, alpine shrub meadow and alpine grassland. The soil types are alpine meadow soil, alpine shrub meadow soil and alpine grassland soil. Generally, the soil layer is thin and the thick bones are strong. 13. Extremely high mountains are distributed at the top of the mountain above the alpine land. The altitude distribution varies from place to place, with the eastern Qilian Mountain above 3900 meters and the western Qilian Mountain above 4500 meters. More than 4600 meters to 4800 meters in the east of Qingnan Plateau. More than 5000 meters in the west of Qingnan Plateau. The climate is cold and modern glaciers are developed. Below the glacier or where there is no glacier, there are ice weathered debris on the surface, and sparse cold-resistant bedding plants grow. The soil is alpine desert soil. The present situation of land resources utilization in Qinghai province is mainly carried out from three aspects: agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. 1. Suitable cultivated land refers to the existing cultivated land. 1999, the province's cultivated land was 6 1. 1.6 million hectares, most of which were concentrated in Huangshui and Yellow River basins to the east of Sun Moon Mountain, followed by Qaidam basin and * * * and basin, and there were also small areas in the lower-altitude valley areas on the northern edge of Qilian Mountain and the southeast edge of Qingnan Plateau. According to the suitability of cultivated land for crops and biological yield, the quality of cultivated land is divided into one, two and three grades. (1) First-class cultivated land. It accounts for about 17% of the cultivated land area, mainly distributed in the valley terraces of Hehuang area in the east, with an altitude of 1, 650-2800 meters. The soil layer is deep, the soil is fertile, the irrigation is convenient, the heat condition is good, and some cultivated land can be replanted once a year. The grain yield per mu is generally above 400 Jin, which is a stable and high-yield farmland in Qinghai. (2) Class II cultivated land. It accounts for about 22% of cultivated land, and generally produces 250-400 kilograms of grain per mu. (3) Third-class cultivated land. It accounts for about 665,438+0% of the cultivated land area, mainly distributed between 2,800 meters and 3,300 meters above sea level in Hehuang area in the east and 3,600 meters to 3,900 meters above sea level in Qingnan area. The soil erosion is serious, the terrain is broken, the soil is degraded, the ridge is barren, and the average grain yield per mu is only about 100 kg. 2. Suitable forest land Suitable forest land includes existing forest land and reserved forest land, the former has 30,000 hectares; After about 6.5438+0.07 million hectares. According to the advantages and disadvantages of forest land production, it is divided into one category, one category and three categories. (1) Yilin first-class place. Including coniferous forest gray cinnamon soil mountain, some coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest gray cinnamon soil mountain and broad-leaved forest gray cinnamon soil mountain. Mainly distributed in the shady and semi-shady slopes of Qilian, Datong River, Huangshui, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Longwu River, Banma, Yushu and other forest areas. These areas have good climate, more precipitation, suitable slope and thick soil layer, which are suitable for forest growth and development. The main tree species is spruce, followed by birch and poplar, which is the forestry production base in Qinghai. (2) Suitable for Erh Lin. The forest land type is the same as the first-class suitable forest land, and the distribution range includes the sunny slope and semi-shady slope of the first-class suitable forest land distribution area, as well as the places with steep shady slopes. Sabina vulgaris is the main tree species, followed by mixed forest and broad-leaved forest. Forest soil layer is thin and dry, and its productivity is slightly lower. (3) Grade III suitable forest land. Including shrub land and sparse forest land. The land area is the largest, accounting for 70% of the existing forest land. Mainly distributed in the southern Qinghai Plateau and Qilian Mountains, as well as the eastern Qaidam Basin. Woodland has high altitude, cold climate, or less precipitation and dry soil. The productivity of forest land is low, but it is of great significance to soil and water conservation. 3. Land suitable for grazing Land suitable for grazing includes existing grassland and reserve grassland. This only refers to the existing grasslands. Qinghai province has 36.45 million hectares of grassland, and the usable grassland area is 310.6 million hectares. According to the suitability and production potential of animal husbandry, the land suitable for grazing is divided into one, two, three and four grades. (1) First-class land suitable for grazing. It is mainly composed of dark chestnut grassland, grassland meadow grassland, sedge grassland and mountain meadow grassland, accounting for more than 3% of the total grassland area, mainly distributed in Hehuang area in the east, around Qinghai Lake and in the east of Qingnan Plateau. The land climate is mild, with more precipitation and thicker soil layer, which is suitable for the growth and development of pasture and high yield per unit area. It is an important winter pasture in Qinghai. (2) Class II land suitable for grazing. The land quality is medium, and there are some limiting factors, mainly hydrological drainage, salinity, soil layer, slope, moisture and temperature. Hydrological drainage includes meadow swamp, lakeside swamp low wetland, alpine meadow swamp grassland and alpine swamp grassland. The land is wet, and there is often water on the surface, especially in high mountains. There is a permafrost layer under the soil layer, which blocks the infiltration of surface water, and the drainage is not smooth, and small puddles are widely distributed. Because the grassland is too wet, sheep are prone to hoof rot, and there are many parasites and pathogens in the puddle, which is very harmful to sheep. Salinity-alkali restriction is mainly distributed in the lakeside and floodplain of Qaidam basin, containing mild salinity, Leymus chinensis and meadow plants. This land is a good pasture because of its good moisture condition. Although the yield of this kind of land is not high, the grass quality is good and palatable. The second type of land suitable for grazing is the largest, accounting for more than 50% of the grassland area in Qinghai Province, and it is the main grazing land in Qinghai. (3) Third-class land suitable for grazing. It is mainly distributed around the Qaidam Basin and the western areas of Qilian Mountain and Qingnan Plateau. The area accounts for more than 20% of the grassland area in the province. Land types include Stipa alpine grassland, soil grassland, saline soil grassland and shrub grassland. These lands are limited by hydrology and drainage, salinity, soil layer, soil quality, slope, humidity, temperature and soil erosion. Grass is sparse and poor in quality. (4) Grade IV land suitable for grazing. It is mainly distributed in Qaidam Basin, Qilian Mountain, the western part of Qingnan Plateau and the upper part of the mountain, with a large area. Land types include desert and semi-desert grassland, alpine desert grassland soil grassland and primitive alpine meadow soil grassland. Grass grows sparsely and the yield per unit area is very low. Mainly limited by low temperature and drought. 4. Land unsuitable for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry Land unsuitable for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry includes Gobi, desert, cold desert, glacier and permanent snow-covered land, salt flats and wind erosion land. There are no plants on the surface of these lands, or plants are very rare. This kind of land covers a large area, with 30.384 million hectares in the province, accounting for more than 42% of the total land area in the province. According to the characteristics of land resources in Qinghai province, the development prospect of land resources in Qinghai province should be mainly animal husbandry. At the same time, in areas suitable for agriculture, forestry and fishery, we will vigorously develop diversified management. 1. Development and utilization of grassland resources From a regional perspective, Yushu, Guoluo and Haixi in Qinghai Province have great development potential. Rational development and utilization of grassland resources in these areas, give full play to their potential. The main ways and measures are: (1) scientifically determine the carrying capacity and allocate the herd. According to the length of cold season, forage yield, the composition of livestock species, the number of herbivores and the annual changes of forage yield in different areas of Qinghai, the livestock is determined by grass, and the carrying capacity and herd configuration are scientifically determined. According to species, growth, grass yield, water source, distance, belonging range, etc. The actual grazing of grassland is divided into sections, areas and blocks. Effective utilization of grassland can increase the livestock carrying capacity of grassland by about 10%. According to the topography, climate change, water source, grassland quality, livestock species composition, etc. in each region, reasonable division and utilization of seasonal grassland, seasonal grazing and appropriate extension of grazing time in summer and autumn can reduce the pressure on winter and spring grassland. Pastoral areas will promote the system of small moving circle to prevent overgrazing, which is conducive to loosening soil, fertilizing and increasing forage yield, and is conducive to fattening and increasing livestock production. (2) Strengthen the construction of "four supporting facilities" in grassland. The grassland "four supporting facilities" construction includes fenced grassland, building livestock houses, building artificial grassland and drinking water projects for people and livestock. The building is carried out by the residents. Fenced grassland is to enclose the grassland, carry out planned improvement and rotational grazing, and make the fenced grassland become the basic grassland with high and stable yield. Qinghai carried out large-scale construction in the 1980s and achieved certain results. In the future, we will expand the scale of fenced grassland construction, strengthen management and improve the quality of fenced grassland. (3) Vigorously improve the natural grassland. Improving natural grassland is an economical and effective method. The method is: under the premise of finding out the conditions of grassland climate, soil and vegetation, plant and sow excellent forage grass suitable for local growth in stages and batches to eliminate poisonous weeds, pests and rats; Irrigation by water diversion, infiltration, loosening soil, topdressing, etc. Transform middle and low yield grassland to improve grassland productivity and livestock carrying capacity. Most grasslands in Qinghai are dry and short of water, and the development of water conservancy plays a great role in improving natural grasslands. Generally, watering only once or twice in spring will increase forage yield by 25% ~ 30%. Fertilization can promote the regeneration of natural grassland, increase grass yield, accelerate material circulation and maintain the balance of grassland ecosystem. (4) Actively build artificial grassland. According to the present situation in Qinghai, abandoned farmland, abandoned meadow and black soil beach should be used as artificial grassland, and sloping land above 25 degrees should be gradually returned to grassland. Pasture can be planted in fallow land in agricultural areas. The construction of artificial grassland needs to develop grassland water conservancy and expand grassland irrigation area. Practice has proved that the yield of irrigated grassland is 3-5 times higher than that of non-irrigated grassland. Pumping irrigation can be used in arid and semi-arid areas with sufficient groundwater. The investment in grassland water conservancy construction is large, so it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and make multi-point layout, focusing on small-scale and township offices. (5) Implement seasonal grassland animal husbandry. The implementation of seasonal grassland animal husbandry can effectively reduce the pressure on grassland in winter and spring and alleviate the contradiction between grassland and livestock. At the same time, as an industry, animal husbandry will consider economic benefits, make full, reasonable and effective use of grassland resources, speed up pasture conversion and herd turnover, and improve the total increase rate, slaughter rate and commodity rate. The effective utilization of grassland resources conforms to the natural law of material and energy transformation and the economic law of less input and more output. (6) Adjust the production structure of animal husbandry. Adjusting the production structure of animal husbandry depends on local grassland resources. For example, alpine meadow grassland and alpine grassland will mainly graze Tibetan sheep and yak; Desert and semi-desert grasslands will mainly graze goats or camels. In the same area, pay attention to the proportion of cattle and sheep, so that we can make full use of different kinds and heights of pasture. 2. Exploitation and Utilization of Cultivated Land Resources There is little cultivated land in Qinghai. It is of great significance to rationally develop and utilize cultivated land resources, continuously improve the productivity of cultivated land, and develop reserve cultivated land resources. According to the actual situation of cultivated land in Qinghai and the guiding ideology of developing high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, the main way to develop and utilize cultivated land resources in Qinghai is to (1) vigorously transform middle and low-yield fields. At present and in the future, the focus is on transforming low-and medium-yield fields. Mainly to build water conservancy projects, rectify degraded cultivated land and level the land. By building water conservancy projects, some dry land will become irrigated land; Maintain aging and disrepair water conservancy projects, improve irrigation conditions, and renovate degraded farmland, including secondary salinization and desertification farmland. Changing sloping land into terraced fields can prevent soil erosion and improve production level. Regionally, the focus of Hehuang area in the east is to change dry land into paddy field and expand irrigation area; The focus of Qaidam basin is to control the secondary salinization of soil; The soil erosion in Hehuang area in the east is very serious, and we will focus on the construction of changing slopes into ladders. (2) moderately develop wasteland suitable for agriculture in a planned way. With the development of economy and the increase of population, it is necessary to develop direct agricultural wasteland in a planned way and gradually expand the cultivated land area. The recent development focuses on Hehuang area and Hehuang basin in the east, followed by Qaidam basin. In order to improve economic benefits, comprehensive development, comprehensive management of landscape and forest fields, and comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry will be implemented. (3) Adjust the structure of cultivated land utilization. Judging from the present situation of cultivated land utilization, the main problem is that there is less land for cash crops, shelter forests and feed crops, and the purpose of combining agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry cannot be achieved. Appropriately reducing the proportion of agricultural land in cultivated land and expanding the proportion of forest land (including economic trees) and grazing land can improve economic benefits. Within the planting industry, the proportion of grain crops to cash crops and high-efficiency crops will be reasonably determined, and at the same time, the planting proportion relationship between staple crops and miscellaneous grains, land-consuming crops and land-saving crops will be reasonably arranged to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency, and continuously improve soil fertility. (4) Promote mixed cropping, intercropping, interplanting and multiple cropping to improve the utilization rate of light energy and the productivity of cultivated land. Qinghai province is rich in light energy resources, but the light energy utilization rate of crops and pastures is only about 0.2%, while in some high-yield areas it can reach about 3%. In order to improve the utilization rate of light energy and the productivity of cultivated land, it is one of the effective ways to implement mixed cropping, intercropping, interplanting and multiple cropping. About 40% of the cultivated land in the province can be mixed, intercropped, interplanted and replanted, of which about 33 thousand hectares (500 thousand mu) of cultivated land in Hehuang area in the east can be replanted. 3. Development and Utilization of Woodland Resources Although the forestland area in Qinghai Province is not large, it is still developed and infiltrated to some extent. The way to rationally develop and utilize forest land resources is to (1) adjust the forest land utilization structure. According to the natural conditions in Qinghai, expand the area of soil and water conservation forest land and farmland protection forest land; Expand the area of timber forest land and firewood forest land; Create an economic tree, and build an economic tree around villages and towns or courtyards. (2) Expand the existing forest area according to local conditions. According to the situation of different areas in Qinghai and the purpose of afforestation, the river water area in Hehuang area in the east will protect farmers and realize forest network; In shallow mountainous areas, soil and water conservation forests will be built in combination with soil and water conservation projects; At the same time, timber forest and soil and water conservation forest will be built in Naoshan area. Windbreak and sand-fixing forests and agricultural shelterbelts will be built in Qaidam Basin. * * * Wind-proof and sand-fixing forests, soil and water conservation forests, agricultural protection forests, firewood forests and bank protection forests will be built beside the reservoir in the basin. Qingnan area is mainly soil and water conservation forest and water conservation forest. Forest areas are mainly used to build timber forests. (3) fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the masses for afforestation and forest protection. Qinghai has poor forestry foundation, large area, inconvenient transportation and poor climatic conditions. In order to do a good job in forest land construction, policies will be formulated to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the state, collectives and individuals in forest management, protect forest land according to law, and prohibit deforestation for land reclamation, thus greatly increasing the forest land area in Qinghai. 4. Development of water surface Qinghai Province has a large water surface area. There is fish water surface in the whole province10.67 million hectares; Mostly lakes. In addition, there are 1.4 million hectares of barren land, and tens of thousands of hectares of swamps, low-lying areas and floodplains can be dug into fish ponds. Therefore, the development and utilization of water resources and the development of fisheries are of great significance to Qinghai's economic development. Qinghai Lake covers an area of 46,000 hectares and is the main fish producing area in Qinghai. Due to poaching and overfishing, resources have been destroyed. The Qinghai provincial government has clearly closed the lake to fishing, which is a decisive measure to protect the fish resources in Qinghai Lake. On the other hand, establish an artificial breeding base to restore resources as soon as possible. Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake in maduo county, southern Qinghai are two large freshwater lakes, and management will be strengthened and fishing will be reasonable in the future. Freshwater lakes in Qaidam Basin and * * * Basin will further develop artificial breeding, improve management and fishing technology, and increase production. Expand the cage culture scale of rare cold-water fish such as rainbow trout in Longyangxia Reservoir. In the eastern Hehuang area, * * and Qaidam basin, where conditions permit, artificial fish farming is actively developed, intensive cultivation is carried out, and the scale is constantly expanding, making artificial fish ponds one of the main fishery bases in Qinghai Province.