What happened to the resistance movement in World War II?

The European resistance movement during the Second World War was born as a response to the aggression and atrocities of the fascist axis countries. It first appeared in Poland, France, Yugoslavia, Belgium, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union and other countries that lost their independence and freedom because of aggression. With the expansion of the war and the change of the war situation, resistance movements also appeared in Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary, the vassal countries of the Axis. Later, resistance movements also appeared in Germany and Italy, two fascist countries. The so-called resistance movement is all kinds of resistance struggles against fascist occupation and fascist rule at that time. Its formation and development track is: from passive disoriented resistance to organized resistance activities. The content of its struggle is roughly to establish a military reconnaissance network, carry out sabotage activities, sabotage behind enemy lines, launch mass guerrilla warfare and so on. The resistance forces of European countries took advantage of their own active struggles, and under extremely difficult and dangerous circumstances, relied on the weather, geographical location and human harmony, and made every effort to contain and consume a large number of fascist troops in enslaved countries, effectively cooperated with the allied military actions on the frontal battlefield, and made outstanding contributions to the final victory of the anti-fascist alliance over the fascist axis countries. During the Great War, the war launched by the resistance forces was also regarded as the "Great Patriotic War". From the organizational form, resistance movements in various countries are diverse, some are spontaneous, some are organized, and even there are different forms and factions of resistance organizations in a country. With the expansion of war and the change of people's understanding of war, many resistance organizations in many countries are moving towards cooperation and alliance, gradually forming a national war. In Yugoslavia and Albania, the * * * Production Party became the leader and main force leading the national resistance movement. In France, General de Gaulle's "Free France" established armed forces in North Africa and the Near East, leading and influencing the activities of French domestic resistance organizations. In these countries directly occupied and ruled by fascist troops, the locations of the leadership and command organs of the resistance movement are also different, and some are at home, such as Yugoslavia and Albania. Some are abroad, such as France and the Netherlands; Some resistance organizations have several systems, so the headquarters of the leadership and command organs are scattered in many places. In Poland, the headquarters of the resistance organization led by the government in exile is in London, England, while the production party is led by Moscow, the Soviet Union; In Greece, the headquarters of the resistance organization led by the government in exile is also in London, England, while the headquarters of the resistance organization led by the * * * production party insists on Greece itself. In the Axis countries and their client countries, the situation has its own characteristics. In Germany, although the resistance movement was extensive, Democrats, * * * producers and religious figures participated in it one after another, and their activities even went deep into the German and Hitler's base camps. However, in the face of the strict rule of fascism, most of these struggles are spontaneous and scattered, and they have not formed a force that can compete with the fascist authorities. Their actions and struggles were heroic and tragic, which had a deterrent effect, but they were basically brutally suppressed by the Gestapo and the army. In Romania and Bulgaria, the persistent large-scale resistance struggle and the changing situation in Europe have had an important impact on the authorities, leading to changes within the national governments. Some senior officers and officials overthrew the fascist puppet regime, changed the flag of the government and stood on the side of the allies. The internal composition of the resistance organization is quite complicated. Because fascism is the enemy of the whole people, the resistance movement covers all social classes and people in all countries. Although people's long-term goals vary greatly, some require the restoration of the original government after the war and maintain the pre-war status quo; Others advocate a radical reform of the country's political system. However, under the conditions of war, facing the same enemy, people still actively establish and maintain mutual unity and cooperation. For example, when leading the resistance movement, the established policy of the * * * production parties in various countries is: before the end of the war, the * * * production parties shall not make any revolutionary changes, and then take this step after the defeat of fascism. The struggle form of the resistance movement is guerrilla warfare all over urban and rural areas. This is the traditional way when the enemy is strong and we are weak. It is not only suitable for the flexible struggle against fascism and freedom, but also can arouse people's anti-rape consciousness. In the guerrilla struggle, we carried forward the tradition of fighting against foreign invaders and slaves and striving for national liberation, and carried forward patriotism and national pride. The struggle between the French and the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War reappeared in World War II, and even the old names such as "freelance shooter" and "guerrilla" are still in use. In the Soviet Union, although the social system has undergone fundamental changes, the name "Red Guerrilla" used by Russian guerrillas in the war against Napoleon in 18 12 was proudly adopted by Soviet guerrillas. The Polish people used the historical facts of18-19th century to oppose European powers and safeguard the interests of the country and the nation to inspire the participants in the Polish resistance movement. In the Balkans, the people's struggle against fascism is no different from that against Ottoman Turkey in form and action. The struggle of resistance movement is the main part of the struggle of anti-fascist alliance. In France, Poland and other countries, the resistance movement developed into a mass struggle, which made German fascists complain bitterly. In most countries occupied by Germany, there are underground organizations that collect information for their allies. When the Allies attacked Germany, the resistance took part in the military action with them and played a special role. Various sabotage activities emerge one after another, and the French resistance organizations have reached an unprecedented level in forging documents and coins, which makes the Germans hard to prevent. Assassination of fascist politicians is another specialty of guerrillas of all stripes. However, the difficulty of the struggle is unimaginable, and the human sacrifice is extremely great. For example, in order to deal with assassination, Germans often threaten to kill hostages, which often leads to the tragedy that all the people in a village or block are killed. By the middle and late period of the war, the resistance movement had developed to a quite mature stage. Carrying out propaganda activities is a great success of the resistance movement. Members of the resistance wrote slogans, distributed leaflets, posted notices and published books in the streets, which effectively exposed the fascist deception propaganda and made people in panic see hope and enhance their confidence. In some occupied areas, hundreds of thousands of allied newspapers and periodicals can enter through secret channels every day. Although the fascist occupiers carried out strict news blockade and censorship, due to the existence of the resistance movement, the results were minimal. In addition, the repeated victories of the resistance movement have also enriched the world military theory. Guerrilla warfare has attracted more and more attention from militarists and military theorists. The position of guerrillas has gradually developed from being ignored and neglected in the past to being regarded as an important auxiliary force of the regular army. After the war, many countries strengthened their research and practice on it. To sum up, in the Second World War, the resistance movements of European countries made great achievements and made great contributions in the struggle to eliminate fascism and strive for freedom.