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Text/Li Chuanxi

"He is my 'old nephew'", this is what Mr. Lu Xun said Chen Yannian's affectionate expression of their relationship. Do they have any direct relationship? Not only that, but it also had a key influence on the fundamental transformation of Mr. Lu Xun’s thinking. As far as our party is concerned, it has set a precedent for our party to directly interact with Lu Xun to do Lu Xun's work, and has also become a successful example for our party's non-party representatives. As for Chen Yannian, in addition to his many achievements, he has gained more A monument in ideological and cultural aspects.

1. Lu Xun must be invited to teach at the university

On January 18, 1927, Lu Xun came to Guangzhou from Xiamen University and started teaching at the university and served as the director of the literature department and academic affairs director. Director's journey.

This is a school founded by Mr. In March 1924, Mr. Wang personally raised funds to help prepare for the establishment of the National Guangdong University, which was formed by the integration of many universities in Guangzhou. After his death on March 12, 1925, Liao Zhongkai proposed to change the name of Guangdong University to a university, which was approved by the people in October. On July 17, 1926, it was officially renamed "National University".

How did Lu Xun come to teach at the university? According to relevant historical materials and memories, it was entirely the result of Chen Yannian's promotion.

◆Chen Yannian

From a chronological point of view, the university was established under the background of one time. As a result, the university also has a strong color. Not only were there four to five hundred members in the school at that time, but the two parties also had to negotiate to reach a consensus on the issue of the school's leadership. After the school was renamed National University, the school organization was also changed to a council system. The result of bipartisan negotiations on who should serve as the director of the school board was Dai Jitao. Xu Binru, who was then the party general branch of the university, recalled, "Because our party was the largest at CUHK at that time, Dai Jitao did not contact us and could not enter CUHK without our permission." Dai Jitao was in Shanghai at the time and went to negotiate with him and agreed with him. came to the university, but he told Dai Jitao that you must meet the relevant conditions of our party in Guangzhou. So he immediately informed the Guangdong District Committee and District Committee Chen Yannian: Let Dai Jin be the president of Zhongda University. After he arrives in Guangdong, you must negotiate with him and set conditions.

At this time, Guo Moruo served as the director of the literature department of the university. He began to apply to the party. After Chen Yannian heard the report, after consideration and discussion with Yun Daiying, he told Bi Lei, who represented the district committee in public work at the university, that he suggested that Guo Moruo take part in more practical work training, or better yet join the army and go to Huangpu to engage in propaganda work for a period of time. Guo Moruo happily accepted the suggestion. At that time, preparations were made for the Northern Expedition, and the district committee immediately decided to send Guo Moruo to work in the Northern Expedition Management Department where Deng Yanda was the director. After Guo Moruo leaves, who will be the director of the literature department of the university?

Chen Yannian knew Lu Xun very well. It was the founding of "New Youth" and the New Culture Movement created and promoted with Mr. Hu Shi that Mr. Lu Xun took up his pen and began literary creation, and forged deep friendships with others. After the New Culture Movement, Lu Xun still used his pen to carry out an uncompromising struggle against the corruption and the old. At this time, Lu Xun went south to teach at Xiamen University. I heard that the work was very unpleasant, so why not invite Mr. Lu Xun to come?

Chen Yannian’s opinion was approved by everyone.

Chen Yannian sent Yun Daiying, Deng Zhongxia and Bi Lei to negotiate with Dai Jitao. He repeatedly emphasized that work must be independent and independent, and Lu Xun must be invited to teach.

After two or three difficult negotiations, Dai Jitao basically agreed to the conditions proposed by the Guangdong District Committee and agreed to invite Lu Xun to teach. During the last negotiation, Xu Binru recalled that in addition to the above three people, he was added, "The conditions were actually negotiated at that time, because I was the general branch of CUHK, and I was asked to meet; Yun Daiying, Deng Zhongxia, and Bi Lei were On behalf of the district committee. Before leaving, Chen Yannian told Yun Daiying very seriously that he would have to fight with Dai Jitao and scold him. There should be no concessions in the ideological struggle and the boundaries must be clearly drawn."

Dai lived in a small western-style building in the School of Medicine of Dongshan University at that time. After our criticism, "He pretended to be very sincere and said to us, I can agree to whatever you ask for, and I will listen. He also said, now, you can help!" You have to have someone dedicated to the job, otherwise it will be over!" "What other theories are there now? The only theory is theory."

2. He is my "old nephew"

After Lu Xun came, how to guide Lu Xun’s thoughts well became an issue that Chen Yannian and the Guangdong District Committee urgently needed to consider and do.

In view of Lu Xun’s ideological situation at that time, Chen Yannian gave Lu Xun a "." He told the leaders of the district committee and the university party that Lu Xun was a "free man" (note: referring to), but not an ordinary "free man", but a completely anti-"free man", so we should do our work well , unite him and fight together. For this reason, Chen Yannian held a special district committee meeting to study how to do Lu Xun's job well after he arrived. Yun Daiying, Deng Zhongxia, Li Qiushi, Bi Lei and others attended the meeting. At the meeting, Lu Xun's anti-imperialist and anti-imperialist fighting thoughts and combat achievements were analyzed, and it was affirmed that Lu Xun was able to fight with the Communist Party. Chen Yannian specifically pointed out that after Lu Xun arrived in Guangzhou, he must help Lu Xun understand the situation and the current trend as soon as possible.

First of all, the Guangzhou Party was asked to do a good job of welcoming Lu Xun when he arrived. At that time, the Guangdong Party Committee ran three publications, "Weekly", "Young Pioneers" and "Our Life", and the University Party also ran two publications, "What to Do?" "Branch Life". The meeting required that these party publications should write "Welcome". For example, "What to do?" "After Welcoming Lu Xun" written by Jian Ru (also known as Bi Lei) was published in the first issue of "Young Pioneer" on February 21, the fifteenth issue of the second volume published "The Third Issue" written by Yi Yi The Creation of Such a World". The second is to request a welcome meeting. According to Lu Xun's diary, on January 24, "Xu Wenya (note: Xu Binru) and Pan Kaojian came." On the 25th, "went to the welcome meeting of the CUHK Student Union in the afternoon, gave a speech for about 20 minutes, and then went to the tea party." This welcome meeting The university party was held in the name of the student union. On the 24th, Zhu Jiahua went to Lu Xun on behalf of the school authorities to express that the school wanted to hold a welcome meeting. Lu Xun refused. When Xu and others later proposed to hold a welcome party, Lu Xun first expressed his refusal to hold a welcome party in the school, and also politely discouraged the students' proposal. However, because of his consistent attitude of loving youth, he finally agreed to the students' request. . The next day Lu Xun came, accompanied by Bi Lei, and delivered a twenty-minute speech. In his speech, he not only expressed his yearning for the origin of the policy, "Why should I come here? Because this is the 'origin of the origin'." However, through his first intuition, he also expressed deep concerns. "According to my eyes, there is nothing special about Guangdong compared to the old days. I think it's like the white characters written in the red cloth slogan, 'red in white', and I feel a little uneasy about it." Lu Xun was actually We are warning young students to see clearly and be alert to the current situation.

The second step is to identify a dedicated person to do a good job in Lu Xun’s daily ideological work, and ask him to consult Lu Xun frequently and deliver party publications to Lu Xun on time. Chen Yannian felt that Bi Lei was sharp, calm and determined, and he also served as the Guangdong District Committee and was public in the university, so he decided on Bi Lei first. Chen Yannian said to Bi Lei: "Lu Xun loves young people. You should be more lively and accompany Lu Xun to visit more places." Later, based on Xu Binru's suggestion, Xu Fuguo was sent (who was arrested and sacrificed during the "April 15th Incident" in Guangzhou). . Sometimes Xu Binru also participates. He recalled that after Lu Xun arrived, during the April 15th Movement, Bi Lei and Xu Fuguo met with Lu Xun almost every day. He himself went to Lu Xun's place more than ten times. "One time, Bi Lei took me there, and Lu Xun He seemed to know my identity in advance and was very sincere and enthusiastic towards me." Chen Yannian also asked them to send publications to Lu Xun every ten days. Xu Binru said that the main reason he went to Lu Xun was to deliver Party publications. He sent Lu Xun "Weekly", "Young Pioneers" and "What to Do?" "wait. When delivering a publication once, "Lu Xun received the publication, held it in both hands, and said happily, 'I want to take a good look at this.' He enthusiastically asked Bi Lei and others to take a seat, opened the drawer and took out Treat them with sweets brought along the way.

"On January 31, Bi Lei and others gave Lu Xun the ten-jointed volume of the first volume of "Young Pioneers". Lu Xun was deeply impressed by the portrait and torch printed on the cover of "Young Pioneers", so he wrote it down in his diary that day. Said: "Xu Wenya, Bi Lei, and Xu Fuguo came and presented twelve copies of "Young Pioneers". ”

◆On January 2, 1927, Lu Xun was photographed in Nanpu when he was teaching at Xiamen University.

The third is Chen Yannian’s cordial meeting with Lu Xun . One time Xu Binru went to see Lu Xun. During the conversation, Lu Xun suddenly asked: "Isn't Chen Yannian the main person in your party here? "Xu Binru nodded, yes. Lu Xun raised his head, staring at the rising cigarette, as if he was remembering something, and said: "He is my 'nephew', he is very smart! "Xu Binru came back and immediately reported to Chen Yannian. Upon hearing this, Chen Yannian pondered for a moment, then raised his head and said, "I really want to see him and get his teachings. Normally, I would have taken the initiative to see him. He is my most respected ‘father’. "When he met Lu Xun again, Xu Binru also told Lu Xun about Chen Yannian's attitude. A few days later, when Lu Xun saw Bi Lei again, he tentatively asked Bi Lei, "Can I meet Chen Yannian? Bi Lei said, "I will seize the time to report to Comrade Chen Yannian. This matter will definitely be feasible. I will try to let you meet as soon as possible." "Chen Yannian listened to Bi Lei's reflection, and after seeking the opinions of the comrades of the district committee, he immediately agreed. One night soon afterwards, under the arrangement of Bi Lei and Chen Yannian's secretary Ren Xu, the two had a secret meeting. That day When Lu Xun came, Chen Yannian warmly greeted him at the agreed place. Due to the secret nature, and because Chen Yannian later left Guangzhou for Wuhan and was sacrificed by a traitor in Shanghai at the end of June, we have no way of knowing the details of this meeting and the contents of the meeting. I know. But this meeting did exist and had a great impact on Lu Xun. Mr. Xu Guangping, who was with Lu Xun at this time, later recalled: "Lu Xun felt deeply lonely and sad. Fortunately, the bright light of the party shines on every piece of land. During this period, Lu Xun met some party leaders, such as Chen Yannian and other comrades. "Through this meeting, Chen Yannian's understanding of Lu Xun has been further improved. He said to everyone, "Our party must treat Lu Xun with a correct attitude. We must study Lu Xun. The more you study Lu Xun's works and thoughts, the more you will feel that he is So profound, through our work, Lu Xun's thoughts have developed very well, and he is already ours."

3. My ideas were destroyed by this

From Lu Xun in January Arriving in Guangzhou on the 18th and the "April 15" incident in Guangzhou, although there was only nearly three months between them, Chen Yannian and others had a key influence on Lu Xun through their work on Lu Xun, and contributed to the foundation of Lu Xun's thoughts. Sexual transformation.

One direct and comprehensive contact with people gave Lu Xun an intuitive and real understanding of people, and he quickly devoted himself to practical support for the party's cause. People and people were once his. In "Remembering Liu Bannongjun", Lu Xun talked about the impression that remained in his mind. At this time, when he learned that he was arrested by Zhang Zuolin in Peking, he wrote in "Celebrating the Victory of Shanghai and Ning". " said affectionately and worriedly: "Thinking of the news of Li Shouchang's arrest in the "Cycle Daily", his round face and Chinese-style drooping black beard came to mind. I wonder what he is doing now. Sample. "But Lu Xun's interactions with them were basically concentrated during the May Fourth New Culture Movement, and they were all focused on the academic and cultural level. It was the initiative and insistence of Chen Yannian and others that he came to teach at Guangzhou University. After he came, through direct interactions with people, He gained a comprehensive and true understanding of people. He said, "When I was in Xiamen, I only knew the general name of one. Only after that did I know that there are CP and CY. "Li Jishen launched the "April 15" in Guangzhou. Bi Lei, who had been responsible for communicating with Lu Xun since Lu Xun arrived, was arrested and chained, put into a sack and thrown into the Pearl River to die. Lu Xun felt that he was a real communist, although Still in the period of mass arrests, he expressed his deep memory for him, saying, "Now I still remember "What to Do?" After the book was published, he gave me five copies. I think this group belongs to young people, because there are signatures such as "Jianru" and "Three Stones" among them. It should be Bi Lei, who is also the Communications Office.

He also gave me a dozen copies of "Young Pioneers", and this publication was clearly written by young people. Sure enough, Bi Leijun was arrested from the university on April 18th (note: it should be the 15th). According to my speculation, he must be no longer in this world. He looks like a very thin and capable young man from Hunan. " From this, Lu Xun grasped what the true spirit of Communists and Communists is. Xu Guangping later recalled, "He set aside time well to meet with students and young people, and to contact people in relevant fields... It can be concluded that during this period, he was It is difficult to measure how inspired I am and how much I am inspired by. "A change in understanding will inevitably lead to a change in action, and Lu Xun began to consciously devote himself to supporting the party's cause. In order to adapt to the needs of the task and strengthen the struggle on the ideological and theoretical front, the Guangdong District Committee decided to organize a "scientific research association" at the university. The association was established on December 24, 1926. About 200 young students participated in the seminar and carried out the activities on their own. After learning about it, Lu Xun actively supported it and went to give a speech on the 27th, the third day after the student welcome meeting. He donated ten yuan each to the research association on April 31 and April 13. It was also because of this change in his understanding and thinking of people that he immediately called the school authorities after the "April 15" outbreak. He came forward to rescue the arrested students and donated money to express condolences to the arrested students. When he saw that the rescue request was rejected by the school authorities and the mass arrests by the Guangzhou authorities continued to intensify, he quickly and resolutely resigned on April 21, and then six years later. Rejecting the university's offer to stay for the first time was expressed by firm non-cooperation

◆Photographed at Jingyunli residence on March 22, 1928.

Lu Xun's guidance gave Lu Xun a deeper and deeper understanding of the true nature of the situation in Guangzhou. When Lu Xun first arrived in Guangzhou, he warned everyone at the welcome meeting of the Student Union that the school authorities were "red in the middle". For progressive students, the "Tree Party" (Note: English stick means cane, stick) in the school is a student group controlled by the Society. Its members all hold "Tree Party" in their hands and are arrogant and domineering on campus. . Therefore, the progressive young students called the "Party of Trees") rampant. In a letter to Xu Guangping, he said: "It is ridiculous for Chinese students to learn anything from Italy in order to follow the North, and they also talk about the Party of Trees." . Can't others use thicker sticks to fight? From this, Lu Xun came to the conclusion: Guangzhou “has a lot of needs, but everything in the place is still old, and people’s ideas are still old, and these have not yet been started.” “Guangzhou has no power, so what can be done here is 'The place of origin' can also be the place of origin." When Guangzhou began to celebrate Shanghai and its recapture by the Northern Expedition, Lu Xun solemnly shouted, "The celebration has nothing to do with it, it is just an embellishment at most. There are many people celebrating, singing, and being intoxicated. It is good to be good, but sometimes it will turn the spirit into a slippery one, "to the point of extinction, and if it continues, it will be a return to the old." Finally, "April 12", "April 15", etc. After the continuous outbursts, Lu Xun saw clearly the true face of the Communist Party of China, and said to his friends calmly, "Pushing promising young people into a trap. At first they said that it was a locomotive and a train; only by carrying it could it succeed. He also said that he was a benefactor...so the young people were very moved and accepted the offer. And now suddenly because of. "Killed them all", "and the method adopted was simply deception; the methods were even more ruthless... Since then, I have always felt disgusted and hateful towards those who deceive people to make materials."

People's guidance enabled Lu Xun to complete his transformation. "Young Pioneer" was the official publication of the Guangdong District Committee and was founded in January 1924. "On" was translated and published in the eighth issue of "Young Pioneer" in just over two years. After receiving the first volume of "Young Pioneer", Lu Xun studied it seriously. In the article "The Side That Would Ning Overcome", Lu Xun quoted the teachings and used it to analyze the situation at that time.

Lu Xun said: "I remember something once quoted in a journal: The first important thing is not to be confused and complacent because of victory; the second important thing is to consolidate our victory and make it long-lasting. It belongs to us; the third important thing is to prepare to destroy the enemy, because now the enemy has only been conquered, but is still far from being eliminated." The betrayal of the group and the wanton treatment of people finally destroyed Lu Xun's original intention. understanding and ideas. Lu Xun said: "I was stunned by blood and left Guangdong in 27 years." "I have always believed in the theory of evolution. I always thought that the future will be better than the past, and the young will be better than the old." "I witnessed in Guangdong that Because they were both young people, they were divided into two camps, either writing letters to inform or assisting officials in arresting people! This destroyed my thoughts. Later, I often looked at young people with suspicion, no longer unconditionally. In awe." Mr. Xu Guangping commented on the destruction of this kind of thinking: "At this time, he had a sudden change, from quantitative change to qualitative change. Everything started from a class standpoint and point of view, and the problem was easily solved. So he denied the bias of the theory of evolution and devoted himself to Lin Zhihao in "The Biography of Lu Xun" also believes: "He realized that the theory of evolution can no longer be used as a weapon to observe problems, because young people are divided into opposing classes. They are also subject to the laws of class struggle. Therefore, Lu Xun believed that it is not only necessary to grasp the universal laws of metabolism in the universe, but especially the special laws of human class struggle; without the latter, no problem can be explained correctly. This shows that Lu Xun is achieving a major turning point in the development of his thoughts. From then on, he changed his stance in combat practice. "These views basically represent the understanding of Lu Xun's fundamental transformation during this period. At this time, Lu Xun had essentially become a poet.

4. Chen Yannian played a major role

Mr. Lu Xun’s fundamental change was the result of the efforts of Chen Yannian and his Guangdong District Committee. Among them, Chen Yannian played a key role. role. At the same time, this itself also has profound historical significance in many aspects.

◆In 1930, Shanghai, at the "Lu Xun's 50th Birthday Celebration" held by the "Left-Hunter League".

It has created a shining example of our party’s representative work. When Lu Xun arrived, he gave a warm welcome to young people, regardless of left or right. They also tried their best to win over Lu Xun. Not only did they praise him at the welcome meeting, some prominent figures even tried to get close to Lu Xun by giving gifts and banquets. But gradually, Lu Xun's colleagues became closer and closer, and their treatment of young people including young people went from indifference and alienation to rejection, contempt and even use of pens. On February 9, Lu Xun received "What to Do?" "First issue (weekly, first published on February 7). He admired the design of the cover very much. He first read the English title on it word by word, "WHAT TO DO?" and then carefully read the red line in the middle. He read the catalog of the issue and looked at the correspondence office below. The name and address belonged to Bi Lei. He raised his head and smiled and praised Bi Lei, Xu Binru and others repeatedly. I saw someone published a book called "What to Do?" ", insisted on confronting it, and two weeks later published a ten-year issue called "Do This" in the name of "Literary Society". However, when Lu Xun saw it, he "had read the newsletter and was too lazy to turn it over." The "Articles of the Literary Society" was published in the first chapter of "Doing This": "This society is purely Chinese, advocates literature... and engages in the movement of our party." After Lu Xun saw it, he denounced its essence: "First, under the cover of one party's commanding knife, Next, he scolded his opponents; first, there were many words written on the paper like "beat, beat," "kill, kill," or "blood, blood." How could Lu Xun be able to quickly recognize and accept, and approach people? In the party publications given to him, he read the party's advanced ideas and advanced policies. In the young people with whom he had close contacts, he saw the spirit and style of a true Communist Party member.

It set a precedent for our party to cooperate closely with Lu Xun and fight together. Since then, Lu Xun has become one of our own. After arriving in Shanghai, although he was surrounded by more severe white siege, he always shared the fate of the Communist Party with our party.

The party has successively dispatched comrades , , and Feng Xuefeng to work with him to implement the party's policy, listen to his opinions, and win his solidarity and support; before Comrade Fang Zhimin died, with great trust in Mr. Lu Xun, he wrote his "Lovely China" Manuscripts such as "Poverty" were repeatedly entrusted to him, asking him to deliver them to the party; as the leader of the left-wing cultural front, he successively participated in cultural groups such as the "Left-Left Alliance" to oppose the party's cultural encirclement and suppression. It is precisely because of this that he is highly praised as "the leader of Chinese culture. He is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and a great writer." Lu Xun's ideological leap began in Guangzhou and was the result of the hard work of the Guangdong District Committee. Xu Binru later said in an interview: "The first time our party did Lu Xun's work was not after the 1930s. Lu Xun was the first to come into contact with our party, and Chen Yannian played a major role."

Established Chen Yannian is another monument of cultural and ideological significance. After Chen Yannian arrived in Guangzhou, he initially assisted in handling the daily work of the district committee and improved the district committee organization; after taking over as the district committee, he vigorously developed the party's team and paid close attention to party building; in order to support the May 30th Movement, he, Zhang Tailei and others Provincial University of Hong Kong. It is precisely because of this that the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of China praised him as "a rare talent within the party" and "the tractor that opened up territory for the Guangdong Party"; when he was arrested in Shanghai on June 26, 1927, he hated him. Only Wu Zhihui, who was deeply moved to the core, would shout like this: "Chen Yannian was a hundred times more evil than his father. All today's giants, such as Cai Hesun, Luo Yinong, etc., were all created by Chen Yannian in France. His status in China is probably inferior to that of his father." "Father Xiangqi... is especially the worst among evils." However, he advocated for Lu Xun to teach at the university, and deployed the party to do a good job in Lu Xun's work, which led to a fundamental change in Lu Xun's thinking. This historical achievement has been ignored by us. But it is undoubtedly another monument in Chen Yannian's career. It not only has historical significance, but also shines with admirable brilliance in the history of modern cultural thought because of "Lu Xun" and its key role in promoting the "transition of Lu Xun's thought".

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The above is related to what to read every day, and it is about Lu Xun’s sharing. After reading One Day, One Xiang, I hope this will be helpful to everyone!