Tuberculosis prevention slogans

Tuberculosis is a very terrible disease. It is difficult to treat tuberculosis, and tuberculosis is also highly contagious. Below are the tuberculosis prevention slogans I compiled, welcome to read.

Slogans on preventing tuberculosis

1. Tuberculosis can be prevented and cured, but standardized treatment is the most important

2. Control tuberculosis and make every breath healthier

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3. Control tuberculosis in accordance with the law and prevent the spread of tuberculosis

4. Prevent and treat tuberculosis to benefit the people

5. Contain tuberculosis and eliminate poverty

6 . Cherish every healthy breath and start by controlling tuberculosis

7. Prevent and treat tuberculosis and eliminate poverty

8. Actively prevent and treat tuberculosis and manage tuberculosis in accordance with the law

9. Patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis can receive free examination and treatment at the local CDC

10. If you have cough for three consecutive weeks, you are suspected of having tuberculosis

11. Tuberculosis is a disease that seriously endangers people’s health. Chronic respiratory infectious diseases

12. Tuberculosis - an infectious disease that seriously threatens human health; implement centralized management to effectively control tuberculosis

13. We are facing the risk of tuberculosis infection

14. Increase public awareness, participation and support for tuberculosis prevention and control

15. Early detection of suspected tuberculosis can be prevented, cured and not scary

16. Tuberculosis is widespread and control must come from us Start

17. Control tuberculosis in accordance with the law and prevent the spread of tuberculosis

18. Actively detect and cure tuberculosis

19. Government organizations work together to prevent and treat tuberculosis

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20. If you have tuberculosis, your family members should have a physical examination

21. Tuberculosis is not terrible, treatment must be regular

22. Adhere to centralized management and prevent and treat tuberculosis in accordance with the law

< p> 23. Control tuberculosis and stay away from poverty

24. Prevent and treat tuberculosis and keep everyone healthy

25. It is not terrible to get tuberculosis, the government will treat him for free

26 , Coughing for three consecutive weeks, suspected to be tuberculosis

27. Mobilize the whole society to pay close attention to tuberculosis

28. Coughing and hemoptysis should not be underestimated, and reasonable investigation must be timely

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29. Persevere in preventing and treating tuberculosis

30. Open windows frequently for ventilation and do not spit everywhere

31. Strengthen centralized management of tuberculosis and promote tuberculosis prevention and control

32. March 24 is World Tuberculosis Day

How to prevent tuberculosis

1. Control the source of infection

1.1 Isolate and treat tuberculosis patients

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(1) First of all, give more care and encouragement to tuberculosis patients, eliminate tension and fear, create an excellent living environment for them, obtain the cooperation of patients, and improve their confidence in defeating the disease.

(2) Tuberculosis patients need to take medicine for a long time. All tuberculosis patients should undergo direct vision supervised chemotherapy, that is, they should take the medicine under the supervision of specialized personnel and complete the course of treatment according to the prescribed dosage. Otherwise, treatment failure may occur, leading to Drug-resistant strains are on the rise.

(3) Patients with active tuberculosis should live in the isolation area of ??the hospital and receive regular treatment and care. For those who cannot be hospitalized, specialized personnel from the hospital-consolidated institution should be sent to instruct patients and their families or related personnel to master home disinfection and isolation methods. Disinfection measures should be regularly evaluated and tested, and isolation should be maintained until the patient is no longer contagious (medical monitoring is required).

(4) The medical waste used by patients and the patient’s domestic waste are both medical waste. There should be a dedicated person responsible for putting it into double-layer yellow plastic bags, sealing them in layers and sending them for incineration, and taking self-protection.

1.2 Treatment of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection

(1) Latent infection generally refers to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The body first develops a defense response, thus being in a latent infection. However, latent tuberculosis infection can develop into tuberculosis at any time, leading to the emergence of new patients.

By treating people with latent tuberculosis infection, we reduce potential sources of infection, which not only helps protect individuals, but also helps protect public health. (2) For the general population, the tuberculin skin test shows skin indurations with a diameter of 10 mm or more. Among high-risk groups, skin indurations with a diameter of 5 mm or more are positive, and active tuberculosis needs to be ruled out, and they are usually diagnosed as potential infections. (3) Current foreign guidelines for the treatment of latent tuberculosis: the preferred treatment drug is isoniazid. The recommended treatment duration is at least 6 months for adults, preferably 9 months, and 9 months for children. For example, rifampin alone is used for 4 months. Month, rifampicin and pyrazinamide were combined for 2 months.

2. Cut off the transmission route

Hospitals should strengthen the monitoring of nosocomial infections, formulate different effective cutting measures according to various transmission routes, and strengthen the training of medical personnel on the prevention and treatment of infectious tuberculosis. , requiring grassroots tuberculosis prevention personnel to do a good job in the prevention and control of infectious tuberculosis, that is, early warning and forecasting.

　2.1 Health education

Grassroots tuberculosis prevention personnel should often publicize the knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment to people, educate people not to spit and cough everywhere, and to cover their mouth and nose lightly when sneezing. Wash your hands after using the toilet. Dry bedding and clothing frequently, boil and disinfect tableware regularly, and keep the working and living environment clean, with good air circulation and sufficient sunlight. For places with a large flow of people, disinfect objects and air regularly, consciously develop good hygiene habits, and actively cut off the transmission routes of tuberculosis bacteria.

2.2 Actively detect tuberculosis patients

If you find friends or relatives around you who have cough, sputum, or fever for more than 3 weeks, you should remind them to go to a professional tuberculosis prevention and treatment institution or hospital. Examination, diagnosis, registration and treatment. He enjoys free diagnosis and treatment provided by knot prevention institutions. Some knot prevention institutions also provide free inspection items and scope to eliminate their financial worries and concerns.

2.3 Constantly remind the tuberculosis patients around you

Tell them that tuberculosis is contagious and curable, and they must take medicine on time and persist in completing the course of treatment. Consciously abide by relevant disinfection and isolation measures, encourage them to strengthen physical exercise, maintain a reasonable diet, improve self-care capabilities, actively participate in tuberculosis prevention and control publicity work, and improve the national self-protection awareness.

Isolate tuberculosis patients found in Phase 3 to protect susceptible groups

3.1 Health census

For schools, factories, government institutions, individual traders, and migrant farmers We should carry out censuses and regular physical examinations at the industrial and township level. All newly admitted patients in the hospital should undergo routine examinations. Through sputum smear and X-ray examination, early detection can be carried out, and tuberculosis patients can be diagnosed early, reported early, and isolated and treated early.

3.2 Tuberculin test

Used to screen out high-risk groups for latent tuberculosis, such as HIV patients, those in close contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients and those with intravenous drug dependence, and infants and young children under 4 years old who are at risk of tuberculosis. High-risk exposed persons and people with low immunity should undergo a tuberculin test, which can detect potential tuberculosis infection and provide early protection and treatment.

3.3 Vaccination with BCG vaccine

In order to improve the people's ability to resist tuberculosis in our country, artificial immunization methods are mainly used to vaccinate the population with BCG vaccine:

(1) BCG vaccine is a Live vaccines that are non-toxic, rather than the disease-causing TB bacteria, will not cause TB disease after vaccination. However, since it takes about 3 months for the BCG vaccine to exert its immune effect, if you already have tuberculosis during this period, even if you receive the BCG vaccine at this time, the vaccinated person will still get tuberculosis. In addition, the BCG vaccine has a preventive effect of 70% or 80% against tuberculosis, and its protective effect can last for 5 to 10 years. Therefore, vaccination with the BCG vaccine does not guarantee that the vaccinated person will never get tuberculosis again.

(2) Promote the relevant knowledge of BCG vaccination to people in a realistic and realistic manner, especially for people in poverty-stricken areas, temporary residential population gathering places and parents of newborns. Abnormal reactions may also occur after BCG vaccination, but these can be reduced or avoided through protection and good use of the vaccine, correct vaccination, and good education. Judging from the history of BCG vaccination for more than 80 years, BCG vaccination can greatly reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and reduce the mortality rate of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis preventive measures

1. Control the source of infection

The main source of infection for tuberculosis is tuberculosis patients. If patients with positive sputum tuberculosis bacteria receive reasonable treatment early, the tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum can be reduced or even disappear in a short period of time, and almost 100% can be cured. Therefore, early detection of patients, especially those with positive bacteria, and prompt and reasonable treatment are the key to modern prevention. The central link in tuberculosis work.

2. Cut off the route of infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, so spitting is prohibited. The sputum, daily necessities, and surrounding objects of bacteria-positive patients must be disinfected and properly disposed of. Indoor disinfection can be done by ultraviolet irradiation, tableware used by patients can be boiled, bedding should be exposed to the sun, and phlegm boxes and toilets can be disinfected with 5%-10% % Lysol soaking; usually keep indoor ventilation and clean air, bathe frequently, and change clothes frequently.

3. Protect susceptible groups

(1) Vaccination with BCG vaccine, which is a non-pathogenic live vaccine that can prevent tuberculosis infection after being inoculated into the human body Those who have acquired specific immunity to tuberculosis have a protection rate of about 80% and can last for 5-10 years. The vaccination targets are mainly newborns and infants, primary and secondary school students and people from ethnic minority areas who have recently entered the city; however, BCG vaccination The immunity produced is also relative, and other preventive measures should be taken into consideration.

(2) Improve anti-infection and self-protection capabilities, establish good hygiene and living habits, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, bathe frequently, ensure adequate sleep, have a balanced diet, reasonable nutrition, and strengthen physical exercise , prevent colds, use antibiotics rationally; reduce contact with tuberculosis patients, and take preventive measures such as doctor's permission or wearing a mask when visiting patients.

Dietary conditioning for tuberculosis patients

1. Ensure adequate caloric supply

Because most tuberculosis patients have symptoms such as long-term low fever and night sweats, and consume large amounts of calories, they must If supplemented in time, these calories are mainly obtained from grains and oils, so in addition to the usual three meals a day, 12 side meals can be added, including pastries, porridge and soups, but this should not affect the appetite for the next main meal.

2. Supplement high-quality protein

Protein is not only a necessary material for the growth and repair of human tissue cells, but also an important source of enzymes, hormones and antibodies. Tuberculosis patients often suffer from caseous necrosis of tissues and organs due to the action of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and a large amount of tissue protein is dissolved and destroyed. The repair of tuberculosis lesions also requires protein, so it is necessary to choose high-quality protein to supplement the loss of protein in the body, such as fish, shrimp, meat , eggs, milk, poultry eggs, beans and their products are all foods rich in high-quality protein.

3. Supplement adequate amounts of vitamins and calcium, etc.

Eat more foods rich in vitamins, such as animal liver, green fresh vegetables, peanuts, fruits, etc. If necessary, take vitamin tablets, such as vitamin B, cod liver oil pills, etc. under the guidance of a doctor. Since the repair of calcification of tuberculosis lesions requires the supplementation of a large amount of calcium, mineral elements such as calcium and phosphorus are indispensable. Such foods include milk, seafood, bone soup, etc. It is best to add some vinegar when cooking bone soup to facilitate the dissolution and absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which can accelerate the calcification of tuberculosis lesions.

4. The diet should be light.

It should be full of color, flavor and flavor to increase appetite, but not too much fat. Although fat can provide more calories, it will increase the burden of the digestive system, especially the liver. Burden, reduce appetite, affect food intake. Spicy and irritating foods and condiments should not be used, because these foods can easily cause hemoptysis and lesion expansion, aggravating the condition.

School tuberculosis prevention measures

1. Develop good hygiene habits. Tuberculosis patients should cover their mouths with handkerchiefs when coughing. It is best to spit sputum on paper and then burn it. The cup should be immersed in 2% cresol soap or 1% formaldehyde solution and can be sterilized in about two hours. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the worst resistance to heat and humidity and can be killed by boiling it for 15 minutes. The patient's clothes, handkerchiefs, sheets, etc. are boiled and then washed. Mainly to prevent sputum contamination, 70% alcohol is the most effective for daily disinfection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis will be killed after 15-30 seconds of contact. Milk must be pasteurized at low temperatures before it can be consumed.

2. Get vaccinated with BCG. BCG is a live vaccine that is harmless to the human body and can produce immunity after multiple generations of bovine tuberculosis transplantation in a special culture medium.

In order to accurately determine whether vaccination is needed, a binding test is generally done before vaccination, and only those with negative reactions are vaccinated. However, the reaction does not have much impact on the body. In areas where the tuberculosis infection rate is very low, the tuberculin test can be avoided and the BCG vaccine can be directly vaccinated. If the antibody test turns positive 6-8 weeks after vaccination, it means that the body has developed immunity; if the test is still negative, it means that the vaccination was unsuccessful and needs to be vaccinated again.

3. Regular lung health examinations. Regular lung health examinations can detect early cases for timely treatment and prevent spread. Health examinations should be conducted once every 1 to 2 years based on the local tuberculosis epidemic situation. In rural areas, lung examination should also be carried out based on personal medical history, sputum examination and subjective signs, so as to facilitate timely detection and early treatment.

Why are clusters of tuberculosis epidemics prone to occur in schools?

First, whether in middle schools or universities, it is common for the population to be highly concentrated, dense, in close contact with each other, and highly mobile. Characteristics, once a patient with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis appears, it is easy to cause the spread of tuberculosis.

Second, because students are in the stage of physical development during adolescence, the body’s immune function is not yet perfect, coupled with heavy study load, high pressure, mental stress, irregular life, malnutrition, and little physical exercise Affected by factors such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis is likely to occur once infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some teachers or students have little knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and control and have poor awareness of self-protection. After discovering suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis, such as coughing and sputum, they do not seek medical treatment early, or fail to report to the school in time after being diagnosed with tuberculosis, which also leads to the failure of the school. Timely inspections of close contacts of tuberculosis and measures should be taken to prevent the spread of tuberculosis in schools.

Third, due to the particularity of their functions, schools focus on teaching in daily work and have insufficient understanding of tuberculosis prevention and control. Some schools have infectious disease prevention and control organizations, prevention and control systems, prevention and control measures, and health education. The lack of work such as tracing the reasons for student absences and physical examinations for new students entering the school has become an important factor in the collective infection of tuberculosis in schools.

Fourth, the source of infection was not discovered in time for isolation and treatment. Some students are busy studying, neglecting their physical health, and lack knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment. They fail to seek medical treatment in time when they are sick, thus delaying diagnosis and treatment. The condition changes from mild to severe, from not expelling bacteria to becoming a source of infection.

Fifth, due to social discrimination against tuberculosis, teachers and students are afraid that people around them will know about the disease. They are even more afraid of dropping out of school and delaying their studies. They are unwilling to disclose their identities as students or teachers, or seek medical treatment in other places to conceal their illness. Classes continued, preventing close contacts at the school from being thoroughly screened in a timely manner.

Sixth, the lack of law enforcement supervision of infectious disease prevention and control in some grassroots schools, inadequate implementation of relevant measures, and insufficient health education publicity are also the reasons for the spread of tuberculosis in schools.

Key points for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools in winter and spring

In winter and spring, especially during the beginning of school, schools should carry out tuberculosis prevention education, especially educating teachers and students when they have suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis or are diagnosed with tuberculosis. After being diagnosed with the disease, he took the initiative to report to the school, did not conceal his condition, and did not attend class while sick. If you have contagious tuberculosis, you should take a leave of absence from school/vacation, be hospitalized or receive treatment and rest at home to avoid infecting others. After the infectiousness disappears, you can return to school/work with a diagnosis certificate from a tuberculosis prevention and control institution. Teachers and students should be encouraged to maintain good hygiene habits, not to cough or sneeze in close proximity to people around them, not to spit anywhere, ensure adequate sleep, eat a reasonable diet, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, and improve the ability to resist diseases.

Implement health examinations and detect tuberculosis patients in a timely manner. In accordance with the requirements of the "Measures for the Management of Health Examinations for Primary and Secondary School Students" and the "Notice on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Schools across the Province", we must conscientiously do a good job in student health examinations, especially the implementation of tuberculosis examination projects.

Conscientiously implement the morning check-up and sickness absence tracking system. Once a school discovers a tuberculosis patient or a suspected tuberculosis patient, it must promptly report to the local disease prevention and control agency, report to the higher education administrative department, and follow the guidance of the health department. Carry out corresponding prevention and control work.

Each school should strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of the campus environment, and regularly ventilate classrooms and dormitories to keep the air fresh and reduce the chance of tuberculosis infection and transmission.

Schools at all levels and types should educate teachers and students on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis through health education classes, lectures and other forms of publicity and education activities, and enhance self-protection awareness and capabilities.

How to prevent tuberculosis in children

Vaccination

BCG is a preventive vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis in children, but do not think that "everything will be fine" after vaccination. "Yes, it is generally necessary to revaccinate the children in stages when they are 5 to 7 years old, 12 years old and 18 years old. A tuberculin (OT) test should be done 8 to 12 weeks after each vaccination. If it is negative, revaccination should be carried out.

For infants and young children under 3 years old who have not been vaccinated with BCG and have a positive tuberculin test, and who are in close contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients who have a positive tuberculosis test, as well as those who have been vaccinated with BCG and have tuberculosis. Children whose bacteriocin test shows a strong positive reaction should be given drug prophylaxis.

Home care

In the acute stage of tuberculosis, children should rest in bed and not jump around. After the acute stage, children can do appropriate physical exercises. The bedroom should be ventilated to maintain air circulation, but avoid cross drafts to prevent colds. Children often have night sweats and should change clothes and bedding in time. When a child has a severe cough, appropriate phlegm and cough medicine should be given to prevent phlegm from blocking the airway.

Tuberculosis is a chronic wasting disease that consumes a lot of physical strength. High-calorie, high-protein foods, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables should be given in the diet. Protein should ensure a daily supply of 1.5 to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight, and milk, eggs, animal liver, fish and shrimp, lean meat, and soy products are better. Milk is rich in casein and calcium, making it an ideal food for children with tuberculosis. There is no need to limit carbohydrates, but it is not advisable to eat too much fatty foods to avoid indigestion and obesity. Eat more foods rich in vitamins and inorganic salts, such as cereals, carrots, spinach, cauliflower, apples, pears, bananas, hawthorn, etc. Avoid coffee, spicy and fried foods. Cooking should be diverse to increase the appetite of children. In families where conditions permit, it is best for the children to sleep in a separate room and isolate themselves. Tea sets, tableware, toiletries, toys and bedding should be used separately. The phlegm should be spit into a spittoon, and the room should be fumigated with vinegar or ultraviolet rays regularly.

Dietary conditioning

1. White fungus has the functions of moistening the lungs and promoting body fluids, replenishing qi and relieving cough. People with tuberculosis who have blood in their sputum or who have persistent dry cough can take it.

Usage: 5 grams of white fungus, soak in water until the fungus swells, add water and rock sugar to make a soup, use on an empty stomach. You can also add 3 grams of wolfberry, boil it and take it. Wolfberry has the effect of tonifying the liver and kidneys. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that cough is related to various organs, not just the lungs. Wolfberry can strengthen the tonic effect.

2. Yam has the effect of strengthening the spleen and nourishing yin. Children with pulmonary tuberculosis often suffer from loss of appetite, dry cough, five palpitations and fever. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is a symptom of spleen deficiency and lung yin deficiency, so yam has a certain therapeutic effect.

Usage: Peel and chop 100 grams of yam, boil and mash, then add a little sugar. You can also add coix seed and cook it together for consumption. The latter has the effect of strengthening the spleen and reducing dampness, and is especially suitable for children with thick and greasy tongue coating.

3. Lily has the functions of moistening the lungs and relieving cough, clearing the heart and calming the nerves. It is especially suitable for people with persistent cough due to tuberculosis and hemoptysis.

Usage: Take 100 grams of fresh lily, add a little sugar, boil it in water, and take lily and soup.

4. Ginkgo has the effect of astringing the lungs, relieving cough and asthma. It has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of tuberculosis bacteria.

Usage: After frying the ginkgo, eat 2 to 3 pieces each time, twice a day, or take 12 grams of ginkgo, remove the shells, and cook porridge with 30 grams of japonica rice and 30 grams of yam.

5. Honey contains a large amount of fructose, glucose, vitamins and enzymes, and has the effect of moistening the lungs and nourishing yin.

Usage: Take 15 ml daily with warm water, or make a paste with honey, pear juice and condensed milk, take 1 spoonful daily with warm water.

How to prevent tuberculosis in children

Characteristics of tuberculosis in children

1. It is easy to be misdiagnosed

Primary syndrome and bronchial lymph node tuberculosis are the most common See, less cavities are formed in the lungs. Most of them are mild and have a slow onset, especially in older children, who may have no obvious symptoms and are often misdiagnosed as a cold.

2. Easy to cure

If diagnosed early and treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs rationally, the lesions usually begin to absorb or indurate in 3-6 months and calcify within 2 years, and the prognosis is good. .

Treatment measures for pulmonary tuberculosis in children

Early treatment

The bacteria in early lesions are in a state of growth and reproduction and are metabolically active. Drugs are most likely to work, and early lesions are easier to repair. .

The dose is appropriate

It can exert and control the maximum bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect, and at the same time, the patient can tolerate it and the toxic reaction is not large. If the dose is insufficient, not only will the treatment be ineffective, but drug resistance will easily develop.

Eight dietary methods for treating tuberculosis in children

(1) 1 pig lung, washed and cut into pieces, 100 grams of peanuts, put into a pot and simmer for 1 hour , remove the foam, add 2 tablespoons of rice wine, and simmer for another hour before serving. 7 times a day, 1 bowl each time. It has the effect of nourishing deficiency and moistening the lungs. Treat tuberculosis and cough with blood.

(2) 250 grams of soft-shell turtle and 20 grams of lily, stew and take. Take 1 time. It has the effect of promoting body fluids and nourishing blood, and can treat low-grade fever and night sweats caused by tuberculosis.

(3) Stew 30 grams of mushrooms and 100 grams of pork. It can both nourish the lungs and clear away heat.

(4) 1 to 2 eggs, 1 gram of green tea, 25 grams of honey, add 300 ml of water and boil until the eggs are cooked. Take it once a day after breakfast for several months to treat tuberculosis. Long cough.

(5) Boil 9 grams of white fungus first, then add 1 duck egg. Cook and add appropriate amount of rock sugar, once a day. It can clear lung heat and cure cough, less phlegm and dry throat.

(6) Wash 1 large white-skinned radish, hollow out the center, put 100 grams of honey in it, put it in a bowl, add water to steam it and take it. Treats dry throat and persistent cough due to tuberculosis, blood in sputum, etc.

(7) 100-150 grams of leeks, 150-200 grams of clam meat, add appropriate amount of water, cook, season and take. It is used to treat tuberculosis weakness.

(8) Add 20 grams of wolfberry and 100 grams of japonica rice to boil with water. When the porridge is cooked, add green onions and seasonings. Eat regularly to treat tuberculosis and physical weakness.

Pediatric tuberculosis has six major characteristics

Pediatric tuberculosis is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract. Infection is caused by healthy children inhaling bacteria-carrying droplets or dust, resulting in primary lesions in the lungs. Gastrointestinal and other infections are rare and can be caused by drinking unsterilized contaminated milk or eating other contaminated foods, resulting in pharyngeal or intestinal reduction lesions. Due to the anatomy, physiology and immune defense of children, tuberculosis in children has the following six characteristics:

Severe infection is more common

If a mother with tuberculosis excretes bacteria, if she coughs or sneezes hard, , which can cause a crying baby to inhale a large amount of tuberculosis bacteria in the lungs. Because infants have no specific immunity to tuberculosis infection, they can cause severe infections, with acute onset, rapid progression, and poor prognosis.

Highly sensitive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Children's tissues and organs are highly sensitive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pulmonary manifestations may be peripheral inflammation of the primary lesion, and the extrapulmonary manifestations include tuberculin. In addition to strong positive tests, polyserositis, transient polyarthritis, herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, and erythema nodosum can also occur.

The lymphatic system is widely affected

During the formation of primary lung lesions, tuberculosis bacteria can reach the hilar and mediastinal lymphatic systems along lymphatic vessels, especially cervical lymph node enlargement. Enlarged lymph nodes can also produce compression symptoms, internal caseous necrosis, and even perforate the bronchus, causing bronchial dissemination, and become the root cause of chronic tuberculosis and relapse of tuberculosis.

Systemic dissemination tendency

Children with tuberculosis infection are prone to lymphatic and hematogenous dissemination after 6 weeks of infection. In the early stage, a small amount of tuberculosis bacteria first enters the small circulation, which may be limited to the lungs, and then enters the large circulation through the lungs and spreads to various organs and tissues throughout the body. Therefore, extrapulmonary tuberculosis such as miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis are common in infants and young children.

Special location of the lesion

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children can occur anywhere in the lungs, especially in areas with better subpleural ventilation, and is more common on the right side.

Calcification during healing

Pediatric tuberculosis lesions are prone to caseation when changing and calcification during healing. As long as regular treatment is adhered to throughout the treatment, they will end in calcification. Understanding the characteristics of pediatric tuberculosis can help both doctors and patients make early diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and provide early and regular treatment for confirmed cases.

How to care for children with tuberculosis

(1) Proper rest: Children with tuberculosis should pay attention to bed rest, do not jump, and can exercise appropriately after the acute stage.

(2) The bedroom should be ventilated to keep the air fresh, but avoid cross-wind to prevent colds. Because children often have night sweats, their clothes and bedding should be changed frequently.

(3) Cough and expectorant: When the cough is severe, oral antitussive and expectorant drugs should be given appropriately to avoid severe coughing and prevent phlegm and blood clots from blocking larger airways and causing suffocation.

(4) The diet should be reasonable: Because tuberculosis is a chronic wasting disease that consumes a lot of physical strength, high protein, high calories, and fresh fruits and vegetables should be given to help children recover as soon as possible.

(5) Isolation and prevention: In order to prevent the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treat patients promptly, early detection, early isolation, early treatment, and early prevention should be carried out. Early detection of patients is an important measure to prevent tuberculosis. If a child has symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, etc., but does not improve after two weeks of regular treatment and rest, he should go to the hospital for examination in time. Tuberculosis can be discovered and diagnosed through the examination of sputum for tuberculosis bacteria and X-ray or chest X-ray. After discovery, they should be hospitalized and treated in isolation in time.

Those who have the conditions can live in a single room at home for isolation. They should pay attention to the use of tea sets, tableware, toiletries, bedding, etc. separately. Patients should not spit everywhere. If there is phlegm, it is best to spit it in the phlegm box, put it in a plastic bag, and burn it every day. The room should be ventilated, fumigated and disinfected regularly with vinegar, or disinfected with ultraviolet light to prevent cross-infection. Early treatment means that once tuberculosis is diagnosed, it must be administered early, with a sufficient amount and a sufficient course of treatment; early prevention means that children who do not have tuberculosis should be vaccinated with the BCG vaccine so that the body can develop acquired immunity to tuberculosis.