How to learn this language?

How to learn Chinese well in junior high school

Chinese learning is divided into four parts.

Part I: Basic knowledge of Chinese.

The basic knowledge of Chinese includes five aspects: words, sentences (grammar, punctuation, rhetoric), stylistic knowledge and literary common sense.

Key points of knowledge

One. words and expressions

1. Pronunciation:

Rules of Chinese Pinyin, and words that are easy to mispronounce.

Master the key words with regular writing rules, and if the syllables of these words are spelled correctly, you can draw inferences from others. These words are:

(1) Spelling rules of dimension, society, temperature, camel color, excellent and fluent.

(2) The spelling rules of English, yay, cigarettes, leaves and halo.

(3) The spelling rules of "Gong, Rong, Xiong, Weng, Yong and Long"

(4) The difference between female, green, predatory, abusive, harmonious, machine, region, need and fish.

In addition, pay attention to the spelling of sound insulation symbols. The pronunciation of Pim O, a fur coat, has phonetic symbols, while huār, a flower, has no marks.

2. Font:

Pay attention to the difference between similar words and homophones.

Most of them are the notes in the book and the words that are easy to write wrong in the exercises after the book; There are also common typos in students' compositions. Generally, it is the words with phonetic notation at the bottom of the book, and the exercises about pronunciation after the book.

Learning method guidance

1, form a good habit of looking up the dictionary.

2. You can record your frequently error-prone words in your notebook and focus on correcting them every once in a while.

You can also practice word combination with similar words and homophones.

Second, words

Key points of knowledge

We should master the meaning of text and context, as well as the discrimination, synonyms, antonyms and discrimination of words.

Words with different original meanings and contexts.

(2) Synonym discrimination: choose the right words according to the context.

③ Judge the words' praise and criticism in combination with the context, and correctly understand the emotional color of changing words.

Learning method guidance

1. Every time you learn a new lesson, you should draw words you don't know first, and understand them by looking them up in the dictionary and combining the context, instead of memorizing them.

2. In the specific context, some meanings have changed, so we must strengthen our understanding of this part.

3. The notes in the book and the words in the after-class exercises should be the key points.

When learning words, we should adhere to the principle of "continuous flow, continuous line". According to our own situation, we should learn and accumulate certain words every day. After a certain period of time, after self-testing, we should pick out unfamiliar words with a sieve and review them again until there are fewer and fewer.

5. Write down the accumulated words in the notebook, and it is best to classify them, which is not only conducive to mastering the basic knowledge of Chinese. This is also conducive to cooperation.

Third, the sentence

Key points of knowledge

grammar

We should master the knowledge of phrases, simple sentences and complex sentences.

Phrase: five basic structures, namely, juxtaposition, deviation, verb-object, complement and subject-predicate.

Simple sentence: six basic components, subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement.

Complex sentences: seven basic types: juxtaposition, progression, turning, choice, causality, hypothesis and condition.

Learning method guidance

In recent years, due to the weakening of grammar knowledge, some students think that grammar is unnecessary. In fact, learning grammar is very helpful for us to learn and use language. Use these grammatical knowledge to analyze and understand the content of the article; With this knowledge of grammar, I can make my article more fluent, concise and coherent.

1. The study of phrases should not be divorced from sentences, but should be combined with the role of phrases in sentences to understand the composition of sentences.

2. Using the basic positions of different components and different usages of structural auxiliary words, we can grasp the division of single sentence components.

(1) [Adverbial] (Attribute) Subject || [Adverbial] Predicate (Attribute) Object "Complement"

Note: Adverbials indicating time and place are usually placed before the subject. Words indicating time and place are called complements if they follow the predicate.

Skillfully use the structural auxiliary words "de", "di" and "de"

The word "de" is usually the attribute of the subject or object.

The word "land" is usually an adverbial of the predicate.

The word "de" is generally the complement of the predicate.

3. The review of complex sentences mainly focuses on memorizing commonly used related words to distinguish the types of complex sentences, and memorizing formulas to facilitate memory.

There is a rhyme related to a compound sentence, which can be memorized in a few minutes. You can try.

It is also a consolidated list, but it is not wrong;

Either yes or no, or form selection;

It is not only progressive, but also;

Although it is a turning point, it can be supplemented;

Because in that case, it is causal; Only peace is correct, and conditions are irrelevant; Even a sum is a hypothesis.

4. Learning grammar knowledge focuses on using grammar knowledge to improve language expression ability, rather than simply memorizing grammar terms, concepts and theories, and single sentences focus on the modification of sick sentences; Complex sentences pay attention to the use of related words; Comprehension of clauses in complex sentences. Therefore, on the basis of mastering the basic knowledge of grammar, we should learn to use this knowledge to serve the correct use of language.

② Punctuation marks

Key points of knowledge

In March, the State Language Committee of People's Republic of China (PRC), Shang Hua and the State Press and Publication Administration revised and published the Usage of Punctuation, which pointed out: "Punctuation is an indispensable part of written language, which is used to express pause, tone and continuity and function of words. Therefore, we must pay attention to the use of punctuation. "

The usage of punctuation marks lists 16 punctuation marks. The following jingles can help students remember these punctuation marks:

Sentences, teasing, pause, division, adventure, inquiry, exclamation point; Seven kinds

Quote, include, save, interrupt, connect, name, interval and emphasize. Nine kinds

(where "name" refers to book name and proper name)

Learning method guidance

Whether punctuation marks can be used correctly in the composition. It should be noted here that some students often tease each other in their compositions, which is obviously unacceptable. In addition, colons, quotation marks, semicolons and punctuation marks are also easy to make mistakes, which is where punctuation marks are deducted in composition. In addition, colons and quotation marks are often error-prone.

I said, "You come, he won't come."

"You come, he won't come." I said.

"You come," I said. "He won't come."

This kind of questions will be tested almost every year, so students must pay attention to it when reviewing. At the same time, you should use punctuation in reading to understand the content of the article.

③ Rhetoric:

Key points of knowledge

We should master three aspects of knowledge,

1, eight rhetorical methods: metaphor, personification, parallelism, exaggeration, duality, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question;

2. Understand eight common sentence patterns: active sentence, passive sentence, affirmative sentence, negative sentence, declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and exclamatory sentence, and choose to use sentence patterns according to the needs of expression;

3. Language expression should be concise, coherent and appropriate.

Legal learning guidance:

Analyze and understand the influence of rhetorical devices and sentence changes on the performance center in reading. Master this knowledge in writing and improve your ability to use language.

Stylistic knowledge:

It includes four parts: narrative, explanatory knowledge, argumentative, practical knowledge and stylistic knowledge.

1. Narration

Key points of knowledge:

① Elements: time, place, person, reason, process and result.

② People: first (me), second (you) and third (him, them).

③ Sequence: chronological order, flashback and interpolation.

④ Center: Express the author's thoughts by remembering people, narrating, describing objects and scenery.

⑤ Details: The contents related to the center should be detailed, concrete and vivid. A brief description of the secondary content related to the center.

2. Explanatory text

Key points of knowledge:

① Object characteristics: the characteristics of things and the essence of things.

(2) Description: hierarchical structure; Explain the order, including chronological order, spatial order and logical order.

Interpretation methods: classification, definition, comparison, analogy, examples and charts.

3. Argumentative essay

Key points of knowledge:

Argument: the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed.

Argument: the facts and reasons used to prove the argument.

(3) Argumentation: Discussion levels and argumentation methods (example method, quotation method and comparative argumentation method).

4. Practical writing

Key points of knowledge:

We should focus on the formats of several common practical articles.

(1) letters-ordinary letters and special letters, as well as ordinary letters such as applications, proposals and thank-you letters.

① Title: Generally speaking, letters have no title (published letters can be added with a title according to the content or theme of the letter). )

② Address: Write the address of the recipient at the top of the first line, and add a colon after the address.

③ Text: Write the text in two blank spaces in the second line. Change careers and write it in the top box. If the content is more, it can be segmented.

④ Ending: If you want to write wishes or pay tribute at the end, you can write words such as "wishes" and "sincerity" at the end of the text, or you can write two spaces on a new line. Words like "progress" and "tribute" should start on a new line.

⑤ Signature and date: In the lower right corner of the letter, write in two lines. The first line is signed, and the second line is dated. In front of the signature, you can indicate the identity, qualifications or unit of the recipient as needed.

6. Fill in the standard envelope.

Fill in the postal code of the recipient's area in the six small squares in the upper left corner of the envelope.

Under the postal code of the receiving area, write down the detailed address of the recipient or the detailed name of the unit.

Write the recipient's name in the middle below the recipient's address or company name.

Write the sender's detailed address and name at the bottom right of the recipient's name.

Write the postal code of the sender's area in the small box in the lower right corner of the envelope.

(2) Notice

Learning method guidance

Stylistic knowledge should be mastered (not memorized) and applied, and the key point is to use this knowledge to solve the central problems of reading and writing. Specific guidance combines reading and writing of modern texts.

Third, literary common sense.

Including the common sense of novels, essays and poems, and understand the basic contents involved in the works of major writers.

1. About novels, essays and poems

2. Key points of knowledge.

novel

① Features: centering on portraying characters, reflecting social life through narrative of story plot and description between rings.

② Classification: short stories (including short stories), novellas and novels.

③ Elements: characters, stories (beginning, development, climax, ending, sometimes preceded by prologue and followed by ending), and the specific environment of characters' activities.

Methods of describing characters: positive description: description of appearance, language, action and psychology; Personal data description

essay

① Features: Prose (in a narrow sense) is a free and flexible style to express experiences and feelings.

② Content: Or things, or landscapes, or people's notes. What is written is always a part of the author's profound life experience.

Form: Starting from the author's subjective feelings, focusing on personal lyricism, comprehensively using lyric, narrative, description, discussion and other expression techniques; In structure and writing, the level is clear, the structure is rigorous, flexible and free, and the form is scattered; The language is elegant and unique.

poetic sentiment

① Features: Emphasis on lyrical expression, rich imagination and vivid image. The language is implicit, concise and rhyming, and the sentences are big.

The body is neat, full of rhythm and musical beauty.

Genre: Poetry has evolved into many different forms in the long historical process.

From the literary point of view, poetry includes poems, words and songs. Poetry is divided into traditional poetry and modern poetry. Among traditional poems, there are ancient poems (also known as ancient poems and ancient poems, as opposed to modern poems) and modern poems (including metrical poems and quatrains), as well as literati poems (poems by authors) and folk songs (poems circulated by the people and created collectively or poems created by poets according to folk songs). Modern poetry style includes new poetry (compared with traditional poetry style, also known as free poetry and modern poetry), which is a vernacular poem produced since the May 4th Movement. Some rhyme, some don't rhyme), folk songs, prose poems.

From the content, poetry can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry and philosophical poetry.

3. About the writer's works

Key points of knowledge

For the works of the following important writers involved in the basic text, it is necessary to accurately remember (don't write typos) the names of the authors, their times (nationalities) and their comments, as well as the titles and sources of their works.

Such as: China modern and contemporary writers: Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Lao She, Ye Shengtao, Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Bing Xin, Zhao Shuli, Zhou Libo, Wu Boxiao, Cang Kejia, Yan Lu, Xiao Gan, Wei Wei, Yang Shuo, Wang Yuanjian, Ai Qing, He Jingzhi, Gong Liu and Ke Yan.

Such as: China ancient poets and writers: Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Cen Can, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Mu Mu, Wang Bo, Wang Wei, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Lu You, Fan Zhongyan, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Yang Wanli, Wan Zhiyuan, Shi Naian and Pu Songling.

For example, China's ancient literary works and their authors: The Book of Songs, Zuo Zhuan (Zuo Qiuming), The Analects of Confucius, Mencius (Monk), Han Feizi (Han Fei), Historical Records (Sima Qian), Liezi (Lieyukou) and Chilege.

Such as: foreign writers and works: Andersen and the emperor's new clothes, dude and the last lesson, Chekhov and the chameleon, Mo Bosang and my uncle Yule, Mark Twain and running for governor, Gorky and Haiyan, ostrovsky and the meaning of life.

Examination questions: In the senior high school entrance examination, this part of knowledge is often used to examine writers' works, and appears in short answer questions and analysis questions.

In the title, we examine the application of the knowledge of novels and essays to read and analyze the ideological content of the article.

Learning method guidance: the knowledge of novels and essays should focus on the application of reading and writing. A writer's works should be classified according to the text. For example, according to the author, Lu Xun has seven works, Zhu Ziqing has two works and Wei Wei has two works.

According to the classification of countries and dynasties, 9 poems and 3 articles were found in the Tang Dynasty, 5 poems and 4 articles were found in the Song Dynasty, and there were 3 poems and 8 articles before the Han Dynasty. Only the Peach Blossom Garden belongs to the Jin Dynasty, and the works of individual writers are easily mixed. For example, both Wang Wei and Wang Bo were poets in the Tang Dynasty, and their poems praised their friends' friendship. We might as well use "Du Bohai" to distinguish this from people's names and remember them. Another example is that the folk songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties are poems, a poem of Mulan and a song of Chiles. Of course, there are many such tips that students can create for their own convenience.

Part II Reading

Classical Chinese reading

Key points of knowledge

The focus of learning classical Chinese is mainly on the pronunciation, sentence breaking, sentence meaning understanding, reciting beautiful paragraphs and summarizing the main points of the article. In recent years, in order to better improve the reading ability of classical Chinese, we have also expanded the reading of simple classical Chinese outside the textbooks.

Legal learning guidance:

1. Correct pronunciation:

Read the correct pronunciation with the help of textbooks and reference books. Rare words in classical Chinese; Polysyllabic words; Common words; Ancient names; Place names still retain ancient words. These are the key points of study.

2, learn to break sentences:

Read aloud on the basis of understanding the meaning of the sentence, and pause between words According to the meaning of the text, most monosyllabic words are used to express meaning in ancient Chinese. Don't misread two adjacent monosyllabic words as compound words in modern Chinese. Long sentences can be broken according to the context, and the modal particles at the beginning of the sentence can be paused.

3. Understand the meaning of the sentence:

Understand the meaning of sentences with the help of text notes and reference books.

② Understand the changes of ancient and modern meanings and correctly understand the meaning of sentences.

③ Understand the meaning of the sentence in combination with the context,

4. Recite beautiful paragraphs

If you want to recite quickly and remember it firmly, you must first read the text correctly, word for word, without missing words or saying too many words, and read it carefully word for word. When you are familiar with it, you should consider reciting it. For a new text, the most important thing is to read it correctly first, otherwise it is difficult to correct the habit of reading mistakes. Secondly, reading comprehension, only by understanding the content can we recite accurately. Thirdly, when reciting a long article, you can break it into several small paragraphs. Fourth, with the help of association and body movements, help students memorize. Fifth, continuous review, no one can remember it at once, but repeated training in a planned way can enhance memory. Sixth, recite the central difficulties and mistakes, and focus on writing notes.

5. Summary of content points

In view of the content of the article, people usually ask: who to write, what to say, what characteristics to introduce, and what kind of truth to explain. To answer these questions, we must understand the article sentence by sentence, layer by layer and paragraph by paragraph, and the reading method is the same as that of modern Chinese. Although classical Chinese is far from our life, its study has a clear scope. No matter which knowledge topic, the textbook is the main one. Therefore, as long as ordinary students are willing to work hard, their grades in classical Chinese will be better.

The third part is modern literature reading.

Understand the general requirements of modern Chinese reading learning in junior high school.

Key points of knowledge

Nowadays, we live in an information society and get a lot of information every day. Reading is our main channel to obtain information. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate the reading ability of modern Chinese. According to the new curriculum standard, junior high school students' reading ability can be summarized as ***6 points:

1. Reading general modern articles, you can understand the meaning and function of words in the articles, and understand the ideological content of the articles now.

2. Understand the idea of the article, clarify the structure of the article, and put it at the center of the article.

3. Understand the writing methods used in the article, and analyze that these methods are all to express the content and highlight the central service (the role of writing methods)

4. Read the article, summarize the content of the article and learn to express it.

5. Be able to read articles in different styles according to different stylistic characteristics. Familiar with reading and reciting the basic contents of articles and paragraphs.

6. Be able to evaluate and innovate the content of the article.

Learning method guidance

1. Read the article

The important signs of reading an article are: what is written in the article, what is the purpose of writing these contents, what kind of writing methods the author uses to express the center of the article, and what role these writing methods have on the performance center.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

The concept of prejudice: if you summarize the meaning of a paragraph, it has two meanings, but when you set a question, you only take the first layer as the meaning of this paragraph.

Too general: for example, this paragraph introduces the characteristics of stone arch bridge, but does not specify what the characteristics are.

Incomplete understanding: For example, Ma Yuxiang is chasing small things in the fire, which shows that Ma Yuxiang is brave and not afraid of sacrifice. (This incident mainly shows Ma Yuxiang's spirit of internationalism. )

Lack of context, such as the title "Hui" and "My tears are flowing again", and the word "you" shows the meaning again. The correct analysis should be related to the previous article. My tears came out when I saw my parents struggling to cross the railway. Here, my father and I are separated. When I looked at his back, my tears came out again, which showed my deep love for my father.

2. Take textbooks as an example and learn to master reading methods.

Our text has been carefully selected by experts, with healthy and positive ideological content, rigorous and standardized article structure and concise and coherent language expression. Therefore, taking textbooks as an example, learning to master reading methods is the best way. The key paragraphs in the basic articles should be carefully studied sentence by sentence. Only by learning the methods in the reading analysis of the paragraphs in class can we read the extracurricular selections in the exam.

3. The basic training of reading ability is embodied in "paragraph", which is a concrete combination of articles, and all kinds of abilities involved in an article are embodied in "paragraph". "Duan" is short and easy to grasp; Training with different body "segments" can finally master various reading methods.

(1) Look at this paragraph as a whole.

(2) Learn sentence by sentence to understand the general idea of each sentence.

(3) Study the relationship between sentences in this paragraph, classify several sentences with similar meanings into one layer, and summarize the meaning.

(4) Summarize the meaning of a paragraph according to the relationship between several layers in the paragraph.

Look at this passage to express its meaning.

4. Learn to analyze and summarize expressions.

Modern text reading not only examines students' understanding and judgment ability, but also examines students' expressive ability, which has always been a weakness of students. How to analyze and summarize the content of the article is now introduced from several aspects.

(1) is good at summarizing sentences in articles.

General questions ask students to summarize the meaning of the paragraph. Read the original carefully to see if there is a central sentence in the original. Using the central sentence is simple and accurate. If there is no central sentence, transform key sentences, or combine them, or extract key words. If there are no obvious sentences in the text, organize them in your own language and express them briefly.

(2) Analyzing the function of words should be combined with the context.

When analyzing the function of a word, we should first explain the word, and then look at the meaning of the word and explain the function in the context. For example, "I use my child's sly eyes to detect that she loves us and has no intention of fighting", in which the word "sly" shows the child's innocence and intelligence here, highlighting our feelings of loving the teacher. Another example is "At this time, Teacher Cai helped me, criticized my' opponent' and wrote a letter to comfort me, saying that I was a' student with a clear heart like water'". Analyze the function of "comfort". First of all, it should be explained that "encouragement" means persuasion and comfort, which includes care and help for "me" and shows the teacher's love for me. From the above two examples, we can see that combining the context actually means combining the meaning of this passage. Because when the author writes an article, any word or sentence he chooses is to express the content (paragraph meaning) of the article.

(3) Analysis of the internal relations between sentences should be combined with specific content.

(4) The analysis of the role of writing methods should focus on

Part IV: Composition

Key points of knowledge

1, understand the requirements of the new curriculum standard,

The "writing ability requirement" stipulated in the new curriculum standard can write narratives, simple expositions, argumentative essays and general practical essays, so that the thoughts and feelings are true and healthy, the content is specific, the center is clear, the organization is clear, the words are fluent, there are no typos, punctuation marks are used correctly, the format is correct, and the writing is standardized and neat. Get into the habit of revising articles. In the actual examination, the important content of junior high school composition examination is mostly to write narrative, so it is particularly important to master narrative writing.

2. Understand the grading standard of composition.

According to the requirements of the syllabus for writing, the composition scoring standard generally gives scores from the following three aspects. The first is writing, which requires neat handwriting, correct punctuation and standardized writing format, all of which meet the requirements. This generally accounts for a quarter of the composition score, which is about 65,438+00 points. Secondly, the content. The composition requirements are consistent with the meaning of the topic, clear in the center and specific in content. This part accounts for about one third of the total score of the composition, accounting for about 20 points. The third is expression, which requires reasonable composition structure, appropriate details, fluent language, specific narration and appropriate description and discussion. This part accounts for about half of the total score of the composition, about 30 points.

As can be seen from the grading standards, the composition of senior high school entrance examination requires higher requirements in three aspects: writing, center and language expression.

Learning method guidance

1. Learn to set up a center.

The best way to establish a center is to learn to outline. According to the requirements of the topic, think about what the composition wants to elaborate (that is, the center of the article), then consider which materials to write, determine the details, and then arrange the structure. After writing this outline, review the topic again to see if your outline meets the requirements of the topic. If there are any mistakes, sometimes it will be revised (it is too late to avoid revision after writing) to ensure that the article can interpret the theme and conform to the meaning of the theme.

2. Learn to use description, discussion and other expressions appropriately.

In the composition, all the events and people that can highlight the center should be described in detail, such as the article "Cooperation". The detailed part should be how you accomplish something with others. Then, the process of how you cooperate must be described in detail, and the content irrelevant to the center can be written in a few simple sentences or even not.

It is also necessary to discuss it properly in the narrative that usually appears at the beginning and end. Proper concluding discussion can make the finishing point and highlight the center. Attention should be paid to the following issues: the statement of the discussion must be based on events, aiming at the content of the narrative, or talking about its significance, or revealing its laws, or showing its attitude.

3. Several problems that need attention

① There should be a language resource library.

Usually, you should read more books, memorize articles and write down wonderful words and phrases.

② Practical language training.

At ordinary times, we should strengthen the practice of writing fragments, such as imitating writing, continuing writing, rewriting abbreviations and expanding writing.

③ Combination of intensive reading and writing.

Good articles are not written, but changed; Work hard and write by hand. How do I write an exam-oriented composition?

1, write according to the requirements of the topic

We usually write to practice writing and improve our writing expression. The purpose of exam-oriented composition is to cultivate writing level and accept selection. In order to prevent "fiction", the title of the exam-oriented composition must be different from that of the usual composition; In order to make the vast majority of candidates have something to say, its topic should not be too biased, and in order to judge the candidates' achievements fairly, it also has a set of detailed scoring standards. Therefore, we must work hard on the examination of the topic, clarify the requirements of the topic, and write in strict accordance with the requirements of the topic. If you don't write according to the requirements of the topic, even if the writing level is higher, you can't get higher scores. Sometimes the topic of the exam-oriented composition is very similar to that of the usual composition, so you can't copy the usual composition. You should also carefully conceive and write according to the requirements of the topic.

Step 2 write the beginning and the end

Of course, we can use all kinds of beginning and ending methods that we usually study in class, and we can use exam-oriented compositions. But the marking teacher likes the beginning of writing best, because one of the most important grading standards is to get to the point. The teacher's favorite ending is to summarize the full text and point out the main idea, because structural integrity is also an important scoring standard.

3. Make it clear.

Some students like to weigh words in their compositions, which is of course good in peacetime. However, the time for exam-oriented composition is limited, and choosing words will bind yourself and hinder the development of ideas. As soon as someone picks up a pen, they pick up the shelf of composition. It takes several twists and turns to write a simple sentence. Such an article seems awkward, so it is better to write it in vernacular, whatever you want.

4. Pay attention to segmentation

Some students like to write three paragraphs, one at the beginning, one at the end and one in the middle. This kind of article seems unclear, because everything is squeezed into the second paragraph. You can divide the large section in the middle into several small sections, so that the layers are clear.

5. Write the first sentence of each paragraph.

The first sentence of each paragraph is as well written as the human eye, beautiful every time, and the whole paragraph is full of spirit. What is the best way to write the first sentence of each paragraph? It is best to write a central sentence that can summarize the whole paragraph according to the exam-oriented composition. Because the marking teacher is not as calm as usual when reading our composition, he can find the central sentence at the beginning of each paragraph, so it is very convenient to read our article.

6. Make as few modifications as possible to the roller surface.

Some changes in the article are inevitable, but too many changes will affect the cleanliness of the paper. If it is really necessary to make changes, it is necessary to use the standard modification symbols, and remember "scribbling". In addition, the adjustment of the paragraph order on the roll surface will also affect the cleanliness of the roll surface.