What is the history of Cuandixia Village?

Cuandixia Village is located in Zhaitang Town, Mentougou District, western suburbs of Beijing. Chuandixia Village, whose real name is Cuandixia.

It got its name because it was located below the "Cuuli Ankou" (locally called Cuantou) in the Ming Dynasty.

It is located in the middle of the narrow valley northwest of Zhaitang in the west of Beijing. It belonged to the eighth district of Wanping County before liberation and is now under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang Town.

It is 90 kilometers away from Beijing, 650 meters above sea level, with a village area of ??5.3 square kilometers, in the Qingshui River Basin, with a temperate monsoon climate, an annual average temperature of 10.1°C, and good natural vegetation, suitable for raising sheep and bees.

Cuandixia is a national A-level scenic spot.

The full surname of the people in Cuandixia Village (household head and children) is Han.

It is said that they immigrated from under the big locust tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi during the Ming Dynasty. The original village was located at the old grave in the northwest of the village. Later, due to flash floods, the entire village was destroyed.

Only a young man and a young man escaped death when they went out.

In order to continue the descendants of the Korean people, the two used millstones as matchmakers to get married and established a village at the current site. After their marriage, they gave birth to three sons: Han Fujin, Han Fuyin, and Han Fucang.

三

Zi is divided into three gates, namely: East Gate, Middle Gate, and West Gate.

At first, the 20 generations were ranked with the word "福" as the first generation: Fu Jing Zi Shou Yu, You Ming Wan Hong Si, Yi Ju Xiao Hua Meng, Yong Mao Guang Lian Wen, and now it has developed to 17 generations, Mao , Zi generation.

It is also said that Cuan was made into a jingle by the villagers: the prefix is ??Xing, and the waist is Lin. There is a fire under the big characters. The fire burns Lin and burns Xing. Isn’t it very hot? Therefore, the surname Han is homophonic to Han.

The village currently has a population of 29 households with 93 people, a land of 280 acres, 74 courtyards, and 689 houses.

Most of them were Siheyuan and Sanheyuan built in the late Qing Dynasty (a small number were built in the Republic of China).

It is built according to the mountain, according to the situation, and is staggered at different heights. With the dragon head at the back of the village as the center and the north-south axis as the axis, it is spread out in a fan shape on both sides.

The upper and lower villages are separated by a large arc-shaped wall 200 meters long and 20 meters at the highest point. The front of the village is surrounded by an arc-shaped wall 170 meters long

Cuandixia Village , so that the whole village's shape remains intact and its spirit becomes more concentrated. The three passages are used to go up and down, and have the function of preventing floods and bandits.

Cuandixia is a national 3A-level scenic spot, a municipal-level civilized unit, and a municipal-level folk tourism professional village. In 2003, it was rated as one of the first batch of Chinese historical and cultural villages and a district-level revolutionary village by the Ministry of Construction and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. Traditional education base.

The famous expert Mr. Zhewen said: Cuandixia Ancient Mountain Village is a pearl of Chinese classical architectural treasures. It contains profound connotations of northern architectural culture. In terms of its historical, cultural and artistic value, it is not only Beijing is one of the rarest places in the country, and making it public to the world will do a great job.

Village name

Cuan Di

The word "Cuan" under Cuan Di has thirty strokes and is pronounced as cuàn. It can be separated for the convenience of memory. Said: "Xing" is the prefix of "Xing", the waist of "Lin" and "Lin" are added with fire below. The fire burns the forest, and the more it burns, the more prosperous it becomes. Isn't it very hot? And the people in Cuandi all have the surname Han, so the homophonic (cold) is

It means cold, and cold and heat can complement each other among the five elements. Everything in the universe has sky and earth, every sun has moon, every man must have woman, and if there is cold, there must be heat. Therefore, Cuandixia Village has been glorious in history. Pass.

The meaning of the word "Cuan" is interpreted as: family will never be divided into Cuan, that is, the family will never be divided.

means: stove, to light the fire and cook.

For: surname, there is Cuanjiazhuang in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. There are more than a thousand people in the village

All of them have the surname Cuan.

This character is difficult to write and difficult to recognize. If you can write it, it will form Cuan, but if you cannot write it, it will form one piece. Therefore, the homophonic word "Chuan" is used to replace it, but it still has the pronunciation Cuan.

It was first changed from "Cuan" to "Chuan" in 1942 to facilitate the communication of anti-Japanese cadres, especially anti-Japanese cadres from other places.

Cuan and Sichuan were used together until the 1950s. In the end, the character Cuan was basically no longer needed. After the tourism development in 1995, the character Cuan became popular again.

Siheyuan

The Siheyuan in Cuandixia has similarities and differences with the Siheyuan in Beijing.

A long view of Cuandixia Village

The size of the main room, the size of the wing rooms, where the gatehouse opens, and where the central axis is are all determined by Feng Shui.

The green dragon on the left, the white tiger on the right, the red bird on the front, and the Xuanwu on the back have the same architectural ideas.

In terms of craftsmanship, we also pay attention to dry grinding and fine grinding, grinding the bricks to the seams.

The difference is that the east and west wing rooms are retracted towards the center of the courtyard to reduce the floor space. In the second courtyard, on the central axis of the inner house and the outer house, there are no hanging flower doors, but three five-purlin rooms. Through the hall to improve land utilization.

There are two doors on the east side of the main hall, and the main door opens in the southeast corner of the front yard.

Rainwater is discharged from the hole on the left side of the gate.

Most of the main rooms and side rooms in the Cuandixi courtyard have four beams and eight columns, and

the side rooms have three beams and six columns.

The four corners of the wall are hard, and the roof has a double-slope hard mountain clear water ridge. There are scorpion tails at both ends of the ridge, with flower and grass trays underneath, slate tiles, stone or wooden balconies, and brick wall skirts.

The latticework of doors and windows is rich in changes: I-shaped brocade, lanterns

Cage brocade, large square grid, turtle-back brocade, starry sky, one horse and three arrows, and Obliquely inserted lattice characters, etc.

The foundation is entirely made of strips of stone, and there are windward cover plates under the wall legs on both sides of the house. The stone carving patterns are numerous and not the same, including large squares, diagonal squares, and water

Ripples or flowers are auspicious words, etc.

Screen wall

A mountain screen wall is built on the south gable of the east wing of the front yard of Cuandixia Siheyuan, and on the south gable of the east wing of the backyard.

There are three parts: a hat on the top, a heart in the middle, and a seat on the bottom.

Cuandixia Village

is divided into three parts.

The hat is carved with longevity peach, ten thousand characters brocade, eaves, tiles, or tiger heads, or the word "Fu", polished bricks and fake rafter heads, either round or square, and finely carved plum blossoms to express the meaning of all things good. Flowers of the four seasons are carved, and cloud flowers are carved in the inner corners.

In the center is the word "Hongxi" or "福" carved or written, and the upper left point of the word "福" is shaped like a bat, and the lower left is shaped like a sika deer head. , and the right side is in the shape of a longevity star, which means blessing, wealth and longevity.

There are also plum blossoms on the blessing, wealth and longevity.

The five-petal shape of the plum blossoms represents the coming of five blessings, which is really wonderful.

The main functions of the screen wall, which is made of exquisite materials, fine workmanship and gorgeous decoration, are to display wealth, magnificence, ward off evil spirits and welcome good luck.

Gatehouse

Most of the Cuandixia gatehouses are built in the southeast corner of the courtyard, that is, they move horizontally eastward along the central axis, which is where fortune comes from.

At the same time, it is also in line with the Feng Shui ideas of Qinglong on the left and White Tiger on the right.

The gatehouse of the courtyard house built in the south of the street was built in the northwest corner.

Most of them have house-style gatehouses, resting on the hill and rising from the ridge, with tiled stone or wooden balconies and ridges.

House buildings in Cuandixia Village

Two

Hold up the scorpion tail, place a plate of flowers and plants underneath, and polish the bricks to harden the four corners. There is a front door cover in the front and a back door cover in the back. It may be hardwood with lotus and peonies carved in the open, or window lattice cards decorated with flowers. There is a circular shape above the door forehead. Or a polygonal door hairpin with auspicious words carved on it.

There is a door pillow stone under the threshold, and a stone pier outside, carved with auspicious words, flowers and auspicious animals.

The door is equipped with copper or iron door cymbals, door knockers, and ruthenium. There are windward covers under the four corners of the gatehouse, and there are eaves above it. It is rich and spectacular.

Overall excellent

In most villages in the north, the houses of wealthy landlords are particularly good, while the houses of poor and lower-middle peasants are very poor, forming a great contrast. In Cuandixia Village, due to its historical status, It once had glory, especially in the late Qing Dynasty when there were famous rich men in western Beijing and the Eight Great Families, which were well-known far and wide. There were many rich people and few people without money. Therefore, every family built a courtyard with green bricks and gray tiles, and a three-sided courtyard, which can be said to be: Overall excellent.

Staggered heights

Cuandixia Village faces north and faces south. It is built on a gentle slope, rising layer by layer, and is built according to the mountain. According to the situation, each house is illuminated, ventilated, and The viewing vision has the best effect, fully reflecting the perfect combination of people and architecture, architecture and environment.

Cleverly conceived

Cuandixia streets and alleys are mostly paved with bluestone,

gray stone, and purple slate, which are solid and beautiful in texture. After rain and clear weather, the slates of various colors reflect the reflection. A charming color.

Square tiles are often used to pave the floor in the courtyard. It is not hot in summer, not cold in winter, and is not slippery when walking. It can also adjust the humidity in the courtyard.

Cells are built underground

Cellars are used to store vegetables and fruits. Because the pores and cellar lids can be used to adjust the temperature, turnips, potatoes, etc. can be stored for several months.

On the ground, there are six stone nests with a square outside and a round hole in the center. In autumn, six equidistant and symmetrical stone nests will be built.

Six forked logs will be planted inside. The piles are set up with Jingba to dry grain on the top and passersby on the bottom.

The grain is dried under the shed and the wooden piles are pulled out. It is both convenient and beautiful. It can be said to be an ingenious idea.

Cultural relics

Ming Dynasty old village ruins, Qing Dynasty dwellings, murals, good news, houses burned by the Japanese army during World War II

Cuandixia Village

's ruins, anti-Japanese outpost sites, slogans from the 1950s, slogans from the 1960s, slogans from the 1970s, ancient mills, ancient mills, ancient wells, and ancient temples make people appreciate history, appreciate the vicissitudes of life, and stroll among them, such as Taste old wine.

Village of Senior Officials

During the Anti-Japanese War, the village had 108 households with a population of more than 500.

During the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation, seventy to eighty young people joined the army, politics, and war.

Eighty percent of the farmers are members of the military, cadres, or martyrs.

Thirty-four martyrs died for the country, and 4 were disabled.

After liberation, dozens of people worked as officials outside, only nearly 20 at the director level.

A treasure land of Feng Shui

Cuandixia people focus on farming and studying, and they also pay attention to Feng Shui. The surrounding environment of the village is in perfect harmony with the Feng Shui theory.

In the long history, working people have summarized and accumulated very profound Feng Shui theories and formed different schools in order to pray for rich production results and comfortable living conditions.

And these theories

Cuandixiacun

No matter which school they are, they are more or less influencing, guiding and regulating people's production, Life.

At the same time, no matter which school, it is inseparable from the seven elements of the original Feng Shui theory: left green dragon, right white tiger, front vermilion bird, back Xuanwu, wind, water, Yingchen.

It’s just that some focus on “situation”, while others focus on “regulating qi”.

On the left side of Cuandixia Village are Inner Qinglong Mountain, Dongpo Liang, Outer Qinglong Mountain, and Cheayu Dongpo Liang.

These two Qinglong Mountains are majestic and winding. What is amazing is that the inner Qinglong Mountain has three groups of hills rising up from the ups and downs, which resembles three auspicious animals.

That is: Crouching Tiger, lying with its head turned and looking at the whole village. Tiger, the king of beasts, is Lu.

Turtle, the divine turtle roars to the sky, and roars to the sky. Turtle, for longevity.

Bats bring blessings, flying here, bats, for blessings.

The star of good fortune and longevity shines upon the ancient village.

On the right side of Cuandixia Village are Neibaihu Mountain, the northern slope of Lengzi, Waibaihu Mountain, and the northern slope of Baiyu Tai. These two Baihu Mountains follow the trend and do not rise sharply, especially the Neibaihu Mountain. Once the mountain falls to the bottom, it is extremely tame.

It is the green dragon on the left who raises his head and the white tiger on the right who bows his head.

The intersection of Liangqinglong Mountain and Liangbaihu Mountain at the top of the beam on the east slope of Baiyu Terrace is the ancestral mountain: Xuanwu.

It stretched out its arms to embrace Cuan Xixia, shielding the village from the cold to the west and embracing the yin and yang.

The most amazing thing is that there is a mountain ridge hanging down from the left side of Zushan. It is made of red sandstone and is completely covered with loess. After it rises slightly, it forms a round hill.

The red sand mountain ridge is the dragon's spine, the terraces on both sides are the dragon's scales, the loess is the dragon's neck, and the hills are the dragon's head.

But under the dragon head is the village’s bright hall, with the village spread out on both sides with the bright hall as its axis.

The combination of the village and the dragon head, and the dragon head and the ancestral mountain is so ingenious, so friendly, and so miraculous.

Cuandixia Village

The southern slope of the mountain opposite Cuandixia Village is Zhuque Mountain.

It drops from Bijia Mountain in the southwest to the southeast, levels out opposite the village, and then drops suddenly to the left in front of the village. It confronts Qinglong Mountain and surrounds the village to form a water outlet with strong locking force.

The red bird is likened to a bird, and its posture is like flying and dancing, which is auspicious.

The southern slope is flat and spectacular, without any evil, lush jungle, green and beautiful. Although the eastern mountain top is slightly lower, there is a row of green cypresses standing proudly and dancing with the mountain.

There is a peak on the south slope in front of the village behind the beam that is evenly straight and pointed like a writing brush, but it can only be seen from outside the village. It is called the brush point facing outward. People with a brush peak worship literature, and only those with education can become officials, so the brush Feng Chaowai gave birth to many high-ranking officials under Cuan who served across the country.

It can be said: Bifeng is like a forest of foreign officials.

"Wind" and "water" are also extremely important in Feng Shui theory.

If there is no wind, the flowers will not bloom, if there is no wind and rain will not come, if there is no wind, the air will be dull.

Strong wind, strong wind, biting wind, and violent wind are not good, but spring breeze, gentle breeze, soft wind, and gentle wind are very good.

The mountains below Cuandi can resist the strong wind from the northwest and enjoy the breeze blowing on your face.

Water is the source of all things.

Cuandizi Village is located in the middle and lower part of the northwest ditch of Zhaitang, 10 kilometers away from Baiyu Huangcaoliang. It belongs to incoming water. p> "It is 6 kilometers away from the national highway. It is for water. "The water comes out of Xunfang, and the local households can use it inexhaustibly.

"In the northwest of the village, there is the spring of Mahuaergou on the left, and the river of Huangcaoliang in the middle. On the right is the spring water of Cuanbaoyu. The three waters (which existed a long time ago but have dried up in recent decades) come together from the northwest, go straight to Nanpogen, follow the trend to the east, and then turn to the southeast.

Surrounding the village in an arc, "surrounded by mountains and water, there must be energy."

On the left side of the village, there is the spring water of Donggou, on the right side of the village, there is the rainwater on the back side. In front of the village, there are two wells (longan) opposite to the faucet.

The water in the crown and belt nourishes the village and the people, and blesses all things.

Water can gather energy, water can gather wealth, and water can ward off evil and bring good luck.

One kilometer above the village, the 100-meter-long Nanhu Lake (a line of sky) is like a trumpet, absorbing the purple energy from the east and bringing auspicious auspiciousness into the home.

Half a kilometer below the village, a vertical beam (mencha ridge) extends from Bifeng Mountain into the east mountain, locking the God of Wealth at home.

Cuandixia Village

In mountainous areas, there are many villages surrounded by mountains. However, it is rare to find a village like Cuandixia that has excellent Feng Shui elements in all aspects and is praised everywhere. The Feng Shui treasure place is well-deserved.

No matter how much superstition the Feng Shui theory contains, the people of Cuandixia Village enjoy the blessings of the beautiful natural environment.

The villagers are handsome, hard-working and intelligent. They seek wealth at home and have abundant financial resources. They are officials abroad and have good luck in officialdom.

Famous in the west of Beijing and famous in Hebei, Changhong has a glorious history.

The three gods on the top of Dongshan, the stars of good fortune, wealth and longevity shine upon the ancient village.

With the dragon's head on the back, the pen peak looks like a forest of foreign officials.

There is a Cuan head on the top to absorb the purple energy, and there is a door latch and a lock on the bottom, the God of Wealth.

The glory of the past has gone with the wind, and spring has come again at the turn of the century.

4 Features of Folk Residences Editor

Folk Houses

Cuandixia Village

It is located on a gentle slope on the north side of the valley, facing north and south, occupying an area of The land is about 1 hectare, with 74 courtyards and 689 rooms.

A street divides the village into upper and lower parts.

With the hill in the north of the village as the axis, the residential buildings extend downward in a fan shape.

The main body of ancient folk houses is

the courtyard house of the Qing Dynasty. It is basically composed of a main room, a reverse seat and left and right wing rooms. Some of them are equipped with ear rooms and cover rooms.

They are mainly divided into mountain courtyards, double-store courtyards and shop-style courtyards.

The main ancillary buildings of the courtyard include

the screen wall outside the door, the screen wall inside the door, the gate tower, the horse-tethering post, the horse-mounting stone, the Jingba shed, etc.

Residential decorations include brick carvings, stone carvings, wood carvings, calligraphy and paintings, etc., such as magpies, bats, peonies, lotus, lotus pods, etc. The main parts of the decoration are concentrated on the ridges, Cornices, wall leg openings, door piers, doors and windows, door hairpins, door covers, walls and screen walls, etc.

Restricted by family status, economic conditions, etc., the decorative parts, content and degree of sophistication vary.

The temple builder

should be concerned with the Emperor Temple (big temple), Niangniang Temple, Wudao Temple, etc.

Guangliangyuan, called "Loushang" by the villagers, is the highest-lying and centrally located house under the Sichuan River.

Built in the early Qing Dynasty, it was repaired to varying degrees in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

The courtyard is higher in the north and lower in the south, with a difference of about 5 meters.

South

Entering from the north, the courtyard is divided into east, middle and west roads, that is, three relatively independent courtyards, forming a large quadrangle with 45 rooms. There is a wall outside the courtyard.

Only the walls or foundations of the main house in the East Road front yard, the main house in the Middle Road yard and the west hall remain, and the other main buildings are intact.