Feng's main experience

Feng (1900—1974. 0617), female, born in tanghe county, Henan Province, is a famous modern female writer, a historian of China classical literature, and a first-class professor at the university. Formerly known as Feng Gonglan, later renamed Lan Shu, the word Telford, pen names Ms. Gan, Yi 'an, Daqi, Wu Yi, etc. He studied four books and five classics, classical literature and poetry since childhood. He is brother and sister with the famous philosopher Feng Youlan and geologist Feng Jinglan, and her husband is a famous scholar Lu Kanru. He has taught at Jinling Women's University, Fudan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Wuhan University and Shandong University. Former vice president of Shandong University.

Chinese name: Feng.

Nationality: China.

Place of birth: tanghe county, Nanyang, Henan.

Date of birth: 1900

Date of death: 1974 June 17.

Occupation: writer, drama historian

Graduate school: National Beijing Women's Teachers College.

Masterpieces: History of China's Poetry, A Brief History of China Literature, and A Brief History of China's Classical Literature.

Gender: Female

Education: Doctor.

personal record

Main experience

Feng Taiyi, Feng's father, was a scholar in the 24th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898). He worked under Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Hunan and Hubei, and served as the general manager of Wuchang Dialect School (that is, the general manager of foreign language school), and later served as the magistrate of Chongyang County, Hubei Province. Feng Shuhou paid attention to the education of his children, set up a study room at home, and invited "teachers" to teach ancient Chinese, arithmetic, writing and composition for his eldest son EULAN SPA01, his second son Jinglan and his daughter Yuan Jun. Young Feng likes reading classical Chinese, especially Tang poetry. At the age of eleven or twelve, she can recite not only many poems, but also poems, and is known as a "talented woman". Later, Feng's eldest brother and second brother went to Beijing and Shanghai to study. On the one hand, Feng used the books his father and brother read at home to study hard and write poems. On the one hand, I read many China classics and new newspapers and periodicals brought back by my eldest brother and second brother, and accepted new ideas.

19 17 Qiu Xuantong entered the county-level local girls' primary school for three years (19 10). Dropped out of school during the Revolution of 1911 and studied at home. In 6 years of the Republic of China (19 17), she left home for Beijing and was admitted to the liberal arts special student class of Beijing Women's Teachers College. Before and after the May 4th Movement, the headmaster was stubborn and opposed students' participation in the patriotic movement. Entrusted by patriotic students of 15 girls' school, Feng drafted a letter to the principal Xu Shichang, marched and petitioned, and forced the principal to resign. She adapted Yuefu's poem Peacock Flying Southeast into a drama, personally played Jiao Mu, and carried out anti-feudal propaganda.

In the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), she graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing Women's Normal University, was admitted to Peking University College as a graduate student, studied China classical literature, and graduated from 1927. In the meantime, he began to write novels on 1923, and published Travel, Isolation and After Isolation in Creative Quarterly and Creative Weekly under the pseudonym of Ms. Gan. Her novels are full of bold descriptions and the spirit of resisting the old ethics, which shocked many readers at that time. 1926 published short story collection Volume _ (Beixin Bookstore) and Spring Scar (Beixin Bookstore). The former is her masterpiece, which was compiled by Lu Xun into Mob. 1929 published the third collection of short stories "robbing the ashes" (Beixin Bookstore). Most of the works describe young people's feelings of resisting old ethics and morality in order to obtain freedom and happiness in marriage and love, and also write about maternal love.

After 1925, he taught in Jinling University, China-France University, Jinan University, Fudan University, Anhui University, Beijing Normal University, Peking University and other schools, and married Lu Kanru, a literary historian since 1929. He is the author of History of China Poetry (co-authored with Lu Kanru, Bookstore, 1932), History of China Literature (Qi Ming Bookstore), Outline of China Literature History, etc. 1932 He studied in France with her husband, Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, and studied at the University of Paris. From 65438 to 0935, he returned to China after receiving his doctorate from the College of Literature of Paris University. He has taught at Jinling Women's University, Fudan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Wuhan University and Shandong University. He was a deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress and vice president of Shandong University. On the eve of the founding of New China, besides teaching, he mainly engaged in the research and writing of classical literature and literary history. During this period, some books were published, such as Gu You Jie, Gu Ben Yuan Ming Zaju Ming, Ju Gu Shuo Hui and so on.

1949 became a professor of Chinese Department of Shandong University, during which he revised A Brief History of China Literature, and A Brief History of China Classical Literature co-authored with Lu Kanru was translated into English and Romanian. Co-edited with Professor Lin Geng of Peking University, Selected Poems and Songs of Past Dynasties in China (People's Literature Publishing House, 1964). 1955 became the vice president of Shandong university, and 1956 joined the Jiu San Society. 1962 was rated as an advanced worker in Shandong province. After liberation, he took an active part in social activities, successively serving as a deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress, vice chairman of Shandong Women's Federation, vice chairman of Shandong Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and member of Shandong People's Committee. 1974 June 17 died.

There are many ancient books at home, including nearly 100 Ming editions, and some Japanese scholars have read them. Before his death, he made a will and donated all his savings of more than 60 thousand yuan and more than 20 thousand precious books to Shandong University.

Yuan Jun childhood

Feng's happy childhood is very short. When she was just 8 years old, her father Feng Shuhou died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage in Chongyang County. It was the summer of 1908, which was the second year that Feng Shuhou became an official of Chongyang County. It was the spring breeze, but death took him away, even though he left in such a hurry and reluctance. Although Feng loves his father so much, his heart is full of true feelings of great reverence, admiration and love for his father, but life is impermanent, which is very sad.

A few years after his father died of illness, Feng, his mother and two older brothers returned to their extended family in tanghe county. From then on, she had to teach herself poetry with the help of her mother and brothers. Soon, her two brothers left home for Kaifeng and Shanghai, and entered universities and middle schools.

Feng's two brothers are both students in a new school. They accepted some new things at school and their minds were more open. Therefore, their daily conversations at home and the new newspapers and periodicals often sent from other places gradually influenced Feng with new culture and new ideas. She is no longer satisfied with studying and practicing calligraphy in the boudoir. She is eager to study, receive education and learn new cultural knowledge in big cities like her two brothers.

Coincidentally, the Beiyang government decided to change the women's normal school founded by Empress Dowager Cixi into Beijing Women's Normal School, and began enrolling students in 19 17. Feng was ecstatic when he learned the news. She and her brother persuaded her mother to take the exam with her two brothers in Beijing. At that time, Beijing women's normal college entrance examination only took Chinese as a subject. Feng has a good foundation in learning Chinese since childhood. Naturally, she was admitted at once. In this way, Feng, a Henan girl of 17 years old, became the first female college student in China. From then on, Feng started a brand-new school life.

Ming Man Jing Hua

When Feng was studying at Beijing National Women's Normal University, it was the time when the May 4th Movement swept the intellectual circles in China. Teachers of "trendy school" and "European and American school" have brought new ideas to Women's Normal University, so when students from various universities in Beijing took to the streets to protest the imperialist invasion of China, the students of Beijing Women's Normal University responded positively and devoted themselves to the magnificent revolutionary upsurge of the times. At that time, President Fang of Beijing Women's Normal University was a stubborn old bureaucrat. He banned students from taking part in patriotic demonstrations in the streets, ordered the school gate to be closed, and specially sent someone to add a big iron lock to the school gate. However, Feng ignored the strict discipline of the school. He was the first person to lift a stone and smash the iron lock. All the teachers and students rushed out of the door and joined hands with teachers and students from Peking University and Tsinghua. This incident made Feng gain a good reputation of being brave and fearless in Beijing Normal University, and was praised by teachers and students.

The anti-imperialist and anti-feudal May 4th Movement awakened a generation of young men and women with brains and achievements. Feng, a young woman who has always longed for freedom and liberation, was encouraged by this great movement and bravely picked up a pen. She adapted Yuefu's poem Peacock Flying Southeast into a costume drama, personally performed on the stage, and took the initiative to play Jiao Mu, a typical figure of feudal autocratic parents (played by Feng's classmates, played by Sun Feijun, and played by Chen Dingxiu as her sister-in-law). In China in the 1920s, it was an extremely bold move for female college students to perform on the stage, which won the praise of Mr. Li Dazhao, the director of the play, and the support of Mr. Chen Dabei, the magazine of Drama. This is the first time for female college students to perform on stage in Beijing, which caused a sensation in Beijing. The performance was an unexpected success and lasted for three days, which was unprecedented: the first day was full, and the next day even the windows were crowded with people. Teachers and students from Tsinghua of Peking University also drove a special car to watch. Mr. Li Dazhao's wife took her daughter to cheer, and Mr. Lu Xun and Mr. Chuan Dao also came to the theater. The performance of Peacock Flying Southeast made Feng a noticeable figure. Someone wrote that Feng had become "famous in Beijing" at this time.

A perfect couple

The love between Feng and Lu Kanru began in the autumn of 1926. At that time, Lu Kan was high flyers of Tsinghua University Research Institute, handsome and talented. His "Qu Yuan and Song Yuchuan" is quite eye-catching in academic circles. He is three years older than Feng Xiao (Lu Kanru was born in 1903,165438+1October 26th in Haimen, Jiangsu). In the summer of, he graduated from Chinese Department of Peking University and was admitted to Tsinghua University Research Institute. Besides studying Chu Ci, he also assisted Liang Qichao in proofreading The Peach Blossom Fan. At that time, Feng was already a well-known female writer in the literary world and naturally won the admiration of Lu Kanru. As the business is close, he has the opportunity to get in touch with Feng. He, a talented man in the south of the Yangtze River, won Feng's favor. Although they were not childhood friends, they fell in love at first sight. After they met, they began to communicate, talk and correspond frequently. Lu Kanru expressed pure friendship to Feng many times, followed by pure love. Every Sunday, Lu Kan-ru will come to Peking University to find Feng. They often have heart-to-heart talks in the moonlight, or go boating in the North Sea. Sometimes they meet to visit the Great Wall, and wander around the waterside pavilion of the Summer Palace, the ruins of Yuanmingyuan, or the secluded path of Xiangshan. After a wide range of talks, the two sides can no longer be separated.

main work

His literary research works include Introduction to Song Ci, Chronicle of Zhang Yutian, Essays on Feng Classical Literature Research, Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties (edited), Qu Yuan and Song Yu, Textual Research on Yuefu Classical Poetry, Essays on Lu Kanru Classical Literature Research, etc. Co-authored A Brief History of China Literature, A Brief History of China Classical Literature and A History of China Poetry with Lu Kanru; Co-edited Outline of China Literature History, History of China Poetry with Feng, A Brief History of China Literature and China Classical Literature, Selected Songs of Chu, Selected Translation of Wen Xin Diao Long with Mou, On Creation with Liu Xie and Wen Xin Diao Long with Liu Xie. .

His monographs on drama research include Interpretation of Ancient Plays, Comments on Ancient Plays, Four Textual Research on Ancient Plays, Inscription of Tianbao, Jin Bu, Transcript of Zaju in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and co-edited with Lu Kanru.

His translated works include: A Textual Research on the Authenticity of Zuo Zhuan by Gao Benhan, Money by Dumas, Social and Economic History of France by Xi 'anli, myths in classic works, the value and development of French songs and French new literature.

After Feng's death, The Collection of Feng Classical Literature edited by Yuan was published by Shandong People's Publishing House. Juan _, Spring Scar and Grabbing Ash are three collections of her short stories.

Author's comments

Feng is another remarkable female writer after Chen Hengzhe, Bing Xin and Lu Yin. The spirit of opposing feudal ethics and striving for freedom and independence in her novels is comparable to that of other writers who enjoyed great fame in the literary world before and after her. Most of her works focus on the conflict between free love and feudal arranged marriage, and even her later works still focus on love. Her first novel collection Volume _ contains four novels: Isolation, After Isolation, Travel and Mother-in-law. The themes of these four novels are basically the same. On the one hand, the heroine's unforgettable free love is bold and enthusiastic; On the other hand, the elders, as the defenders of the feudal marriage system, are "isolated" from the hero's love. Therefore, the conflict has reached an extremely sharp point. The former is a new force that has just stood up but has not fully gained a foothold, while the latter is supported by a huge old system and old ethics. Standing on the side of the oppressed is a rebellious spirit without hesitation. "Life can be sacrificed, freedom of will cannot be sacrificed, and I would rather die without freedom." "Our love is absolute and infinite. If we can't resist the external resistance, we will go to see the sea together. On the oppressor side, it is "outrageous" to regard the heroine's free love as ruining the family style and damaging the family honor (isolation). The description of this fierce conflict adopts the first-person letter style, with the heroine as the narrative subject, which adds a strong sense of resistance, which is rare in the works of early female writers. Of course, we can find the reason from the writer's creative subject, but this is time. Feng's appearance is the first time that an intellectual woman who boldly rebelled against tradition appeared in the works of female writers. This may be the unique ideological significance of Feng's novels.

Characteristics of works

romanticism

Feng's works are obviously romantic. This not only refers to the romantic factors in his works, but also refers to the characteristics of his creative methods. His works pay attention not to the plot arrangement, but to the psychological depiction of the characters; The structure of the work is not based on the development of the story, but on the psychological and emotional development of the characters. There, the most handy way to use it is first-person narration. Even in the third-person narrative works, the author uses the description of the protagonist's language or psychological activities to vent his feelings, express his thoughts, seize the opportunity to express his feelings, and use the description of scenery and environment to render the lyrical atmosphere of the works. Yang Yi believes that Lu Yin's novels are widely in the form of diaries and letters, "second to none among the May 4th writers, and can be called an expert in diaries and letters". In fact, on the whole, Feng seems to be better than Lu Yin. Among her 15 works, 8 works adopt epistolary style or take epistolary style as the main body, which covers almost all her important works, which is amazing. For works like Isolation, due to the use of epistolary style, the author goes straight into the inner world of the protagonist, expressing the heroine's determination to die for the freedom of love. Due to the three-dimensional arrangement of time and space, the pain of the protagonist after isolation and the joy with his lover before isolation are intertwined, which enhances the emotional tension of the work. Even if it is not an epistolary work, such as travel, it is also a first-person narrative angle, and the whole story is the heroine's inner monologue. What the writer pays attention to is not the story of the work, but the portrayal of the characters' psychology in the work. It is not the external actions of the characters, but the inner thoughts and emotions of the characters. In this way, the work shows the strong rebellious spirit of the object of description, and at the same time fully expresses the ambivalence of "not daring to resolutely fight against tradition" behind the heroine's strong rebellious spirit. We will also find that the writer's recognition of the thoughts and feelings of the characters in the works also enhances the artistic influence of the novel, and the writer's subjective feelings are thoroughly vented through the shaping of the characters, which is precisely related to the first-person narrative style of the works. Feng said: "Literary works must have the author's personality", "As for letters, I think they should contain more colors of the author's personality than other genres of works".

Artistic emotion

As another feature of romanticism in women writers' works, the artistic sentiment of classical poetry permeates her works without exception. Bing Xin is good at "poetic sketch" and often quotes or uses the words in classical poetry: "Our capital is full of nosy people, but you are lonely, helpless and poor." This feature is also reflected in Feng's novels. As Lu Xun said, the title of Volume _ is "The Grass Name of" Heart-wrenching and Immortal ",which symbolizes the unforgettable love of the hostess and also implies the tragedy of her love. In addition, for example, Meng Jiao's poem "Wandering Son" is quoted with the title "Mother", while the inscription "Grabbing Ash" is quoted from "Xiaoya" in the Book of Songs. Poems like "Festival Nanshan" are almost routine. It is particularly worth mentioning that the writer also quoted the sentences of ancient poems in a certain work or wrote poems by himself to express the hero's specific psychological activities. For example, Li Bai said, "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it off with our swords, we raise our glasses to dispel your worries. ".An isolated four-paragraph new poem is consistent with the plot of the work and the psychological activities and emotional characteristics of the protagonist in a specific situation, which plays an excellent role in setting off. This creative feature of Feng is undoubtedly related to his profound classical literature accomplishment. This feature has made her works more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and won the love of readers who were edified and trained by classical literature in the early days of new literature. After writing Hate in Spring, Feng's enthusiasm turned to academic research. In a word, her works are unique and distinctive. Her works, especially love novels, are indeed the precious heritage of China's modern literature.

domestic

husband

Lu Kanru (1903— 1978) is a famous scholar. Originally known as Kan, Yan Lu native, pen name Xiao Bi. Born in Taicang, Jiangsu, and Haimen, Jiangsu, he was born in a patriotic gentry family. 1920 entered Beijing Normal University. 1922 was admitted to Peking University. 1924 graduated from Chinese Department of Peking University, and was admitted to Tsinghua University Research Institute to specialize in China classical literature. Freshman published Qu Yuan, and graduated from university published Song Yu. After graduating from graduate school, he was a professor at China University and worked part-time at Fudan University and Jinan University.

1929, Lu Kanru and Feng got married in Shanghai, and began to study China classical literature together.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/932, Lu Feng went abroad at the same time and entered the research institute of the University of Paris. 1935, both husband and wife obtained a doctorate in literature. After returning to China from 65438 to 0935, he served as Professor yenching university and Head of the Chinese Department. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, 1938 went south to Kunming to teach in the Teachers College of Sun Yat-sen University in Yunnan. 1942 went to Santai, Sichuan, and served as Dean of the College of Arts and Head of the Chinese Department of Northeastern University. 1946 moved back to Shenyang with the school. From 65438 to 0947, he went to Qingdao and served as a professor of Chinese Department of Shandong University. 1958 moved to Jinan with the school.

1949 After the liberation of Qingdao, Lu Kanru was appointed as the deputy director and librarian of the School Affairs Committee of Shandong University, 195 1 vice president, director of the editorial board of literature, history and philosophy, and was elected as the representative of the provincial people's congress. From 65438 to 0953, he successively served as a member of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and a director of the All-China Writers Association. 65438-0953 Joined Jiu San Society, one of the founders of Shandong local organization of Jiu San Society. He used to be a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of Jiu San Society, chairman of Qingdao Branch and director of the Preparatory Committee of Jinan Branch. 1957 was wrongly classified as a rightist, 1978 12 1 death. Before his death, he donated all his precious books and nearly 30 thousand yuan in deposits to Shandong University. 1979 rehabilitate.

Feng is the first female first-class professor in New China, and once served as vice president of Shandong University. At the same time, she also holds important positions in the cultural and women's circles and actively participates in social activities in Qingdao.

The writings of Mr. and Mrs. Lu and Mr. Feng in the field of literary research are comparable and can be called literary stories. 193 1 year, the two of them jointly published a 600,000-word History of China Poetry, which broke the traditional view and was very innovative. 1932, they jointly published a book "China Literature History Outline Compilation". Their works have been translated into many foreign languages and published, which makes China's outstanding ancient literary heritage carry forward in the world.

Shandong University set up the Feng Literature Award with the couple's savings during their lifetime, encouraging accomplished literature teaching and research workers to devote themselves to the cultural and academic undertakings of the motherland.

mother

Feng's mother, an intellectual, has good knowledge of poetry and a cheerful attitude. She used to be the principal of a local girls' primary school. Mrs. Wu teaches her children well. In addition to teaching children classics, she also hired famous teachers for strict training. Even the youngest Yuan Jun never gave up her strictness because of love. This enabled Feng to receive a good education from childhood and laid a solid foundation for studying classical literature. Mother advised her, "You can't just rely on cleverness. Study hard, one step at a time, just like your big brother. Although your eldest brother is not as clever as your second brother, he keeps going forward and never stops. It's amazing. " His mother's teaching made Feng embark on the road of literary creation and classical poetry research. It can be said that Feng's future is the foundation of her mother's early education. Therefore, every time Feng thinks of his mother, he is always infatuated with her mother and daughter.

statue

The autumn wind is cool and the drizzle is slight. This morning, the unveiling ceremony of the statues of Mr. Feng and Mr. Lu Kanru was held in Shandong University. Xiang Huaicheng, Party Secretary and Chairman of the National Social Security Fund Council, a representative of Grade 56 alumni of the Chinese Department of Shandong University, and Zhu Zhengchang, Party Secretary of Shandong University jointly unveiled the statue. President Xu Xianming delivered a speech at the unveiling ceremony.

On the occasion of the celebration of Shandong University 1 10, a group of 39 China Grade 56 alumni gathered at their alma mater after 50 years' absence, and donated statues of Mr. Feng and Mr. Lu Kanru to express their attachment to their alma mater and gratitude for the master's teachings. Xu Xianming said in his speech that a university needs a master, and only with profound knowledge can it be called a master. Together, we reviewed the two gentlemen's life of studying hard, teaching and educating people, and indicated that we should follow the example of the two gentlemen, carry forward the tradition of literature and history major of Shandong University at a new starting point, and complete the goal of initially building a world-class university by the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the school/KLOC-0.

Related books

Feng Chuan, written by Yan Rongxian, published by People's Literature Publishing House.

Lu Kanru, Feng and Xu Qijie, Shandong Pictorial Publishing House.