Answers to the 2011 Guangzhou High School Entrance Examination Chinese test questions, urgent! urgent! urgent! urgent! urgent!

Chinese Paper of the 2011 Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

Part 1 Accumulation and Application (***34 points)

1. (6 Small question, 19 points)

1. Among the following words, the pronunciation of all the punctuated words is correct (3 points)

A. Fengluan luán vegetable border wā quiet mì qian qianxicao qiān

B. Colorful lán discussion zhuó trivial xiè eternal héng

C. new cú banned dì retrospective sǜ shadowy shadow chuò

D. 艠 fence pān 鉽 fierce piāo crouching juǎn broken wall yuán

2. Among the following words, which one has no typos (3 points)

A. Peng Peng, painstakingly alone, crawling, all living beings

B. Shaded, painstaking, profound, out of context

C. Fighting, staggering, late, messy, studying things to gain knowledge

D. Regretful, disappeared, grotesque, humane and sophisticated

3. Fill in the words in the horizontal lines of the following sentences in order. The most appropriate one is (3 points)

①On Wende Road, which is only more than 600 meters long, there are many cultural shops selling antiques, calligraphy and paintings, and books Shops with the Four Treasures of the Study

____________, and the business becomes a market. (rows upon rows dotted around)

② During the Asian Games, volunteers enthusiastically served the public. They could not only provide tourists with detailed introductions to various venues, but also

be able to __________ everyone Explain the characteristics of each venue. (Vivid and lifelike)

③ Most of the ancient banyan trees that can be seen everywhere in Guangzhou's Shamian are similar to each other. Although they have experienced more than a hundred years of ups and downs

rain, they are still tall and tall. Green and full of life. (age age)

A. Row upon row, lifelike, age B． Starry and vivid, age

C． Row upon row, lifelike, age D． Starry and lifelike age

4. In the following paragraph, a set of sentences without grammatical errors is (3 points)

① People living in the computer age have found that "they can no longer write without computers" and "some words can be recognized, that is< /p>

Cannot write". ② As the functions of computer input methods become increasingly powerful, the speed of typing on the keyboard of many people has also "flyed"

. ⑨ Being able to type but not be able to write has become a "strange disease" suffered by today's computer users. ④More and more people are worried that this situation will lead to the degradation of writing ability and the emergence of a new group of "illiterates" who can only read but not write.

A. ①② B. ②③ c. ③④ D. ①④

5. One item that accurately describes the appearance characteristics of the "arcade" building in the picture below is (3 points)

A. The arcade is the hollow part of the building that extends out to cover the sidewalk and is connected to each other on the side of the road to form a promenade along the street.

B. Qilou is a building that is connected across the road and is connected to each other on both sides of the road to form a corridor along the street.

C. As a product of the commercialization of big cities, the arcade has made special contributions to the development of Guangzhou's commercial culture.

D. Qilou originated from ancient Greece and was introduced to Guangzhou in the early 20th century, making great contributions to Guangzhou's commercial development.

6． Contact the context and fill in the appropriate sentences on the horizontal lines in sequence. (4 points)

What is beauty? Different observations will yield different results.

The calm and quiet scenery is the beauty of solidification, and the cheerful dynamic scenery is the beauty of flow

; ____________________, the elegant curves are the beauty of grace; the noisy city is the beauty of bustling

, ____________________. As long as you have a pair of eyes that discover beauty and a heart that appreciates beauty, there is beauty everywhere in life.

II. (2 questions, 15 points)

7. Silent writing of ancient poems and essays (10 points)

(1) According to the textbook, the two correct dictation of ancient poems and essays below are (4 points)

A. The sound of the jade flute flying in the dark spreads into the spring breeze and fills Luo City. Hearing the broken willows in this nocturne, no one can forget the love of his hometown.

B. If the goods are disgusted and thrown away on the ground, there is no need to hide them in oneself; if the power is disgusted and they do not come from the body, there is no need to hide them for oneself.

C. The cicada spins endlessly, while the ape cries endlessly. Those who fly violently into the sky will look at the valley and forget to rebel; those who are economical in world affairs will look at the peak and rest their minds.

D. It's hard to say goodbye when we meet, the east wind is powerless and the flowers are withered. The spring silkworm's silk will not be exhausted until it dies, and the candle's tears will not dry until it turns to ashes.

E. The Tian family has few free months, but in May people are twice as busy. At night, the south wind blows, and the wheat is covered with yellow.

F. Those who have attained the truth will receive much help, while those who have lost the truth will receive little help. If you help more, the world will follow. When there is little help, relatives are nearby.

(2) According to the textbook, fill in the gaps in the following famous passages. (Only answer four of the six questions.) (74 points)

① There are no miscellaneous trees, ____________, and colorful fallen flowers. (Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring")

② Anzhi Tinglan, ______________. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower")

③_______________, we meet you again when the flowers are falling. ("The Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River")

④ Eight hundred miles away, the subordinates are under the command of Zhi, ____________, and the troops are ordered in the autumn on the battlefield. (Xin Qiji's "Breaking Time to Compose a Poetry for Chen Tongfu")

⑤____________________, Afang torched, where is the luxury at that time? (Zhang Yanghao's "Reminiscing about the Past on the Hillside of Yangli Mountain")

⑥Raise your glass to the bright moon, ____________. (Li Bai's "Drinking Alone under the Moon")

(3) According to the context, fill in famous lines from ancient poetry on the horizontal lines.

[Explanation: ①This question is a must-answer question, worth 2 points. ②The question is a bonus question, worth 2 points. After extra points, question 7 will not exceed 10 points. ]

① When describing the same scenery, ancient literati often had many wonderful strokes with similar artistic conceptions. They also wrote about spring rain, such as the poem "__________,____________" in Du Fu's "Spring Night

Happy Rain") ,' is similar to "The light rain on the street is as moist as crisp" in Han Yu's "Early Spring Presents the Water Department Zhang Shiba Yuanwai"

② In the graduation message book, we can use Gao Shi's " The poem "Farewell Dong Da") in "Don't worry about the road ahead without friends, who in the world does not know you?" to encourage classmates, you can also use the poem "_____________ in Wang Bo's "Send Off Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"" >

_____,_________________________" to encourage each other.

8. According to the textbook, explain the meaning of the punctuated words in the following classical Chinese sentences. (5 points)

(1) Shibie Three days later, I was even more impressed. ("Sun Quan's Encourage to Learn")

(2) Within seven hundred miles of the Three Gorges, there are mountains on both sides, with no gaps at all ("Three Gorges")

(3) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which has been described by predecessors ("Yueyang Tower")

(4) Those who hear it will be rewarded ("Zou Ji"). Satirizing the King of Qi's Remonstrance)

(5) Punishing the fortress in the north of the mountain and the circuitous way in and out ("The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain")

The second part of reading and appreciation (***56 points. )

II. (4 questions, 16 points)

Read the following passage and complete questions 9--11.

The King of Qin sent people to say to Lord Anling: "I want to use the land of 500 miles to move to Anling, but Lord Anling will allow me!" Lord Anling said:

" It is very good for the king to favor me by offering a big deal to a small one. Although I received the land from the late king and am willing to keep it for the rest of my life, I dare not change it!" King Qin was displeased. Anling

Jun Yin sent Tang Ju to Qin.

The King of Qin said to Tang Ju: "I used a land of five hundred miles to change Anling. Lord Anling didn't listen to me, so why? Qin destroyed Han and Wei,

and If you give me fifty miles of land, you will be the elder, so I don't think so. Now I will give you ten times the land to expand it, but if you rebel against others, you will underestimate others? Tang Ju said to him: "No, that's not the case. Lord Anling took over the land from the previous king and guarded it. Even though it is thousands of miles away, he dare not change it. How can it be five hundred miles straight?"

< p> (Excerpt from "Tang Ju Fulfills His Mission")

9. Among the following sentences, the group of punctuated words with the same meaning is (3 points)

Lord Anling promised that I would stay with you forever

A B

I can’t eat enough to use up all my resources, but I’m still looking for illness.

Is it true that you can survive in fifty miles of land?

C D

This is a critical situation Even in the autumn of life and death, I can tell whether I am male or female

10. In the following understanding and analysis of the content of the passage, which one is incorrect (3 points)

A. After Lord Anling saw through Qin's ambitions and rejected King Qin's request, he hoped that Tang Ju could resolve King Qin's "displeasure".

B. The King of Qin used "Destroy Han and Wei" to show off his military strength in an attempt to force Tang Ju to accept "Yi Anling".

C. The King of Qin pretended to be benevolent and favored, and accused Tang Ju of daring to "disobey the widow" and "underestimate the widow" in front of him.

D. Tang Ju stated his solemn position that "I received the land from the late king and am willing to keep it forever, and I will not dare to change it" and categorically refused to "change the land".

11. Translate the following sentences into modern Chinese. (4 points)

(1) Lord Anling sent Tang Ju to Qin.

(2) Is it five hundred miles straight?

12. Read the Tang poem below and answer the questions. (6 points)

Zhuli Pavilion

Wang Wei

Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, playing the piano and whistling loudly.

The people in the deep forest don’t know that the bright moon comes to shine.

(1) What do the words "huanghuang" and "long roar" in the poem mean? Please choose one of the answers. (2 points)

(2) What kind of mood does the poet express in the poem? Please make a brief analysis based on the poem. (4 points)

IV. (9 questions, 40 points)

Read the following passage and complete questions 13 to 14.

Fable: an ancient and vital art

Yang Yang

What is a fable? To put it more simply, a fable is a story that the author has other sustenance for. As a very unique literary style

Fable has a dual structure: on the surface it tells a story, that is, an "allegor", but the story often contains special meanings.

That is "meaning".

Chinese fables have a long history. Like myths, they were created and developed by ancient working people in their long-term production activities

Written fables appeared in the late Spring and Autumn Period, more than 2,500 years ago. The Warring States Period was the golden age for allegorical creation

Not only were the number of creations large, but they were also very artistic and ideological. In "Mencius", "Zhuangzi", "Han Feizi",

"Lu Shi Chun Qiu", "Warring States Policy" and other works, there are many fables that we are familiar with, such as "Indiscriminate Yu makes up for the number", "Handan Learns to Walk" ", "looking at the ocean and sighing", "snipe and clam fighting", "pulling seedlings to encourage growth", etc. In the process of elaborating their thoughts, reasoning and debating, various scholars, counselors and counselors often quoted or made up some fables in order to increase their persuasiveness.

It can be said that in the early stages of the development of human culture, fables had an enlightening effect on mankind.

With the development of society, the creation of allegories also developed. Until the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the creation of allegories reached another peak.

There were even unprecedented collections of allegories. We start from "Yu Li" by Liu Ji in the Yuan Dynasty, "Xiaofu" by Feng Menglong in the Ming Dynasty, "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun's "Notes from Yuewei Thatched Cottage" and others. In the works, you can see many excellent fables

stories.

Ancient Chinese fables have very distinctive characteristics. In terms of content, most of the fables are stories about characters, and there are also stories about anthropomorphic animals and plants. Most of the morals are satire, persuasion or lessons, such as elaborating principles in philosophy, politics, education, etc., satirizing undesirable social phenomena, promoting moral concepts, etc. Use stories to tell the truth, easy to understand and vivid. From the perspective of artistic style, its expressions are diverse, with metaphor, exaggeration, line drawing, reasoning and personification being the most commonly used. Fables are different from novels in that they do not need tortuous plots or detailed descriptions of characters. Their language is concise and simple, and their writing style is humorous and witty.

Fable is an ancient literary style and a very vital art. It has had a profound impact on the development of literature and art in our country

and has accompanied the growth of generations of Chinese people. As the famous translator Ye Junjian said, a fable

can affect a person's life, from childhood to old age.

(Excerpt from "Chinese Traditional Culture Reader", with some deletions)

13. Which of the following statements is consistent with the meaning of the text (3 points)

A. The dual structure of fables is expressed in two aspects: "allegorical body" and "allegorical meaning", that is, the superficial story and the meaning contained in it.

B． Myths, like Chinese fables, have a history of more than 2,500 years and are very artistic and ideological.

C. The various schools of thought and counselors have done a lot to enlighten mankind, and they have used fables to enhance the persuasiveness of their arguments.

D. The Warring States Period and the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were the two peak periods for the development of fables. "The Laughter Mansion" and "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" were the representative works of that time respectively.

14． For the following understanding and analysis of the passage, which one is correct (3 points)

A. The article introduces the artistic style of ancient and modern Chinese allegorical works and outlines the characteristics of this ancient literary style.

B. The article lists fables from the works of hundreds of scholars, showing that the number of fables created during the Warring States Period was large and of high quality.

C. The article compares fables with novels in order to illustrate that fables are humorous and profoundly reflective.

D. The end of the article points out the role and value of fables, reflecting the author's deep understanding and sincere concern for the public.

Read the passage below and answer questions 15-16.

The beauty of Chinese characters lies in multiple dimensions

Shen Zhiyuan

Chinese calligraphy is divided into seal script, official script and regular script, which has become a unique art. There are so many calligraphers, the calligraphy tools are so refined

and the art of calligraphy is amazing...unparalleled in the world! Chinese characters are the most beautiful characters in the world. This article is written from a geometric perspective

Discover the beauty of Chinese characters.

Geometry studies space. Space has dimensions. The more dimensions, the greater the degree of freedom. Dimensions are more abstract. Let's take an example to illustrate: The hidden snake in the cave is limited by the cave wall and can only move forward and backward. Its space has only one dimension. In addition to moving forward and backward, the original galloping horse can also turn left and right

and its space is two-dimensional. In addition to moving forward and backward, turning left and right, birds in the sky can also fly up and glide down. The saying goes:

"The sky is free for birds to fly." Birds are freer than anyone else because the three-dimensional space has the greatest freedom. Spend.

Let’s first look at the pinyin text of the Latin family. Pinyin text, with letters as units, is essentially one-dimensional. Written with a ballpoint pen

English words are winding like snakes.

Excellent English calligraphy is written with a quill pen or a dipped pen. The width of the handwriting varies slightly with the force, which shows the rhythm of space. It is more beautiful than the handwriting written by a ballpoint pen because of the width. Additional degrees of freedom in direction

. However, the width of the pen characters has limited changes, just like the snake hole in the previous example, which is slightly wider. At best, it can only be said to have one-dimensional and half-space

space.

The Chinese calligraphy is dazzling and beautiful: the mysterious beauty of oracle bone inscriptions, the simple beauty of bells, tripods and large seals, the dignified beauty of official script,

the graceful beauty of regular script, the elegant beauty of running script and the wind of jade trees, The majestic beauty of the cursive writing of the dragon and snake is beyond description.

The words are like their names: Wang Xizhi, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Zhang Xu, Huaisu, Su, Huang, Mi, Cai... Famous people emerged in large numbers, each leading the way. Calligraphy accommodates hundreds of calligraphy styles and each shows its own unique beauty. This is due to the great freedom of Chinese characters.

Degrees of freedom come from multidimensional space. There are six types of Chinese characters: meaning, pictogram, pictogram, understanding, Zhuanzhu, and pseudophone. Pictograms are transformed from pictures

and are naturally two-dimensional. Most of the other five books also contain pictographic parts, such as half pictographic and half pictographic.

Onomatopoeia, which is not two-dimensional enough to accommodate. Furthermore, Chinese characters are made up of strokes such as horizontal, vertical, dot, left and right strokes. It is like putting together a jigsaw puzzle on the desktop. You must have two-dimensional freedom to create ever-changing beautiful patterns. It can be seen that Chinese characters are essentially two-dimensional, just like galloping horses on the plains, laying a solid foundation for the beauty of Chinese characters.

Calligraphy pays attention to structure, which is similar to the composition of painting. At least there must be a large amount of freedom provided by the two-dimensional space, so that the glyphs can be considered

to be structured, to reflect the characteristics of seal script, official script, regular script, running script, and cursive script, and to express the different styles of each school. To the fullest.

Calligraphy pays attention to hanging the wrist. Only when the calligrapher's wrist is hanging in the air can he move his arm and wave the brush as he pleases, giving full play to the maximum degree of freedom in the three-dimensional space.

Calligraphy is about brushwork, largely due to its unique tools, the brush being the most magical of all pens. Pens also

have degrees of freedom: ballpoint pens have only one degree of freedom. The nibs of quills and fountain pens are bifurcated and can be slightly stretched in width, with a degree of freedom between one and two. The brush is composed of thousands of vellus hairs, each of which can be bent to varying degrees, with more than a thousand degrees of freedom. It is precisely because the brush has so many degrees of freedom that calligraphers can use it freely. A pen writes thousands of words.

Respecting the brush as the king of all brushes, who would say otherwise?

Proper use of the many degrees of freedom of the brush can increase the dimension of calligraphy. The richness and lack of ink storage of the pen, the weight of the strength of the brushstrokes, the direction of the brushstrokes, and the wonderful use of it all lie in one mind. Yan Zhenqing's regular script is strict, rich and full of texture, and Liu Gongquan's pen is strong, straight and skeletal, both of which can produce a three-dimensional visual effect, which is three-dimensional. Don’t you believe it? The words of praise for the great power of writing are: the power penetrates the back of the paper.

If there is no third dimension perpendicular to the two-dimensional paper, where can it penetrate?

(Excerpt from "Science is for the Public")

15 ． Among the following analyses, which one does not conform to the meaning of the text (3 points)

A. Birds in the air enjoy a higher degree of freedom than horses in the field, proving that the more dimensions, the greater the degree of freedom.

B. The freedom of Chinese characters comes from its multi-dimensional space and the magnificent personalities and styles of many calligraphers.

C. A brush creates more dimensions because it allows more freedom than other writing instruments.

D. Yan Liu's calligraphy power penetrates the back of the paper and can produce a visual three-dimensional effect, reflecting the three-dimensional effect of Chinese calligraphy.

16. Based on the full text, answer the following questions. (7 points)

(1) What does the author mean by "three dimensions" in the second paragraph? (2 points)

(2) Why can Chinese calligraphy create creativity? What is the "three-dimensional" effect? ??(5 points)

Read the following passage and complete questions l7 to 21.

Childhood

Gorky

Plot link After my father passed away, "I" have been living in my grandfather's house.

One year, my grandfather sold the original house and bought another one. There is a small garden in the yard of the new house. Outside the wall on the left side of the garden lives Colonel Ovsyannikov's family, who have three little boys.

In the yard outside the left fence of my grandfather’s garden, three little boys were playing almost every afternoon. They all have gray clothes, gray hats and gray eyes. I can only tell them apart by their height.

I observed them from the cracks in the wall. They never noticed me, but I hoped they would find me. I like that they are so interesting, happy and harmonious in playing various games that I have never seen before. I like that they care about each other. What I especially like are the two elder brothers who care about each other. The attitude of the younger brother - that funny-looking, lively and smart little boy. If he falls, the two brothers will laugh, but not like those who usually laugh at someone who stumbles, but will immediately go to help the younger brother

The second brother got up. If he fell and soiled his hands or knees, they wiped his hands and trousers with burdock leaves and handkerchiefs. The second brother also said to him:

" Look at how stupid you are..."

Once, I climbed up a tree and whistled to them. They all stopped as soon as they heard the whistle, and then gathered together calmly, looking at me from time to time, and began to discuss quietly. I thought they were going to throw stones at me, so I quickly got down from the tree, picked up a lot of stones, stuffed several bags, stopped for a while, and climbed up the tree again, but they were already far away. I went to play in a far corner of the yard

. It was obvious that they had forgotten about me. This makes me feel disappointed, but I don't want to start a fight either. After a while,

Someone called them from the small ventilation window:

"Children, go home quickly!"

They were like three little geese. , walked away obediently and unhurriedly.

I have sat on the tree branches on the wall many times, expecting them to call me to play with them, but they never called me

But, in my heart I have been playing with them, and sometimes I am so entranced that I can't help shouting and laughing. At this time, they looked at me together and whispered something. I was very embarrassed and climbed down the tree.

Once, they played a hide-and-seek game. It was the second child's turn to find someone. He ran to the corner of the warehouse and stood there with his hands

covered. There, no peeking at all. The older brother and younger brother ran to hide. The elder brother ran very fast and cleverly hid in a wide sleigh placed under the eaves of the warehouse. The younger brother panicked and ran around the well but couldn't find him. A place where you can hide

yourself.

"One," the second brother shouted, "two..."

The little brother was anxious, jumped onto the well railing, grabbed the well rope, and pulled the two He put his feet into the empty bucket and heard the bucket knocking against the railing wall a few times before the person disappeared.

I was stunned, watching the well wheel spinning rapidly, but I quickly understood what was going to happen, and jumped into their yard, shouting: Said:

"Falled into the well!..."

The second child and I ran to the parallel railing at the same time. He grabbed the parallel rope tightly and pulled it up violently. They went up in time to intercept the rope. At this moment, their eldest brother also ran to the well and helped pull the bucket up. He said: "Please be gentle." A little!"

We quickly pulled our little brother up, and he was also frightened: blood was dripping from the fingers of his right hand, and the skin on his neck was scratched

It was such a big piece, soaked from feet to waist, and his face was pale and blue, but he was shivering and still laughing. He opened his eyes

smiling and said in a long voice:

"How - how did I fall - fall - go..."

"You're crazy, that's all.

"His second brother hugged him and wiped the blood on his face with a handkerchief. The eldest brother said sadly: "Let's go home. We can't hide it anymore..."

"Will you be beaten?" I asked

The boss nodded, then stretched out his hand to me and said, "You run so fast!"

I listened. I was very happy with his praise. Before I could hold his hand, he said to his second brother: "Let's go, he's going to catch a cold! Let's just say he fell down. Don't say anything about the merger!"

"Yes, don't say it," the younger brother agreed, shivering, "I fell into a puddle, right?"

The three brothers left.

It all happened so quickly. I turned around and looked back. The branch from which I jumped into the yard just now was still swinging.

It was moving, and a yellow leaf was falling from above.

The three brothers didn't come out for nearly a week. When they came out to play, it was even more lively than before. The boss saw me on the tree.

p>

Called to me kindly:

"Come down and come to us!"

We got into the old sleigh under the eaves of the warehouse, They looked at each other and talked for a long time.

(Excerpt from "Childhood", translated by Nie Gangzheng and Gao Houjuan, with some modifications)

17. Before becoming playmates with three little boys. What did "I" do? Please summarize in points (5 points)

18. In addition to the common characteristics of caring for each other, living in harmony, and being responsive, the three brothers also have distinct personalities. . Please give an example of the different personalities of the three brothers. (6 points) 19. Answer the question according to the context (6 points). p> (1) "This makes me feel lost, but I don't want to start a fight first." Why does the "I" feel so sad?

(2) "The tree I jumped from above into the yard just now" It is still shaking, and a yellow leaf is falling from above

What is the function of this description? Please make a brief analysis.

20. "My" childhood life It can be reflected from "I"'s interactions with three little boys. Please summarize the situation of "my" childhood life from the three underlined sentences in the article (5 points). >

21. Choose a writer who does not belong to the same country as the author of this article (2 points) A. Pushkin B. Chekhov D. p>

Part Three Writing (***60 points)

V. (1 question, 60 points)

22. Read the following text and compose as required. . (60 points)

Games grow with us. Games have rules, challenges, and joy... Facing games, we think, we choose, and we judge.

Please write an article with the title "Game". Requirements: ① Choice of literary style (except poetry). ②More than 600 words. ③

The candidate’s name and school name cannot appear in the text.

Reference answers

1.C

2.D

3.A

4.D< /p>

5.A

6. Example: Smooth straight lines are straightforward beauty, and quiet villages are quiet beauty.

7. (l) B E

(2) ① The grass is delicious ② The lush greenery ③ It’s the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River ④ The sound of fifty strings turning outside the Great Wall ⑤ Looking around at Lishan Mountain ⑥ There are three people facing each other.

(3) ① Sneak into the night with the wind, moistening things silently ② There are close friends in the sea, and the ends of the world are like neighbors.

8. (1) Renew (2 pass "missing", break, lack (3) scene (4) make...hear (5) detour

9.C

10.C

11. (l) Lord Anling then sent Tang Ju as an envoy to Qin.

(3) How about five hundred miles?

12 . (1) Youhuang: deep bamboo forest. Changxiao: long whistle

(2) This poem describes the scene of the poet playing the piano alone in the bamboo forest, accompanied by the bright moon.

The first two sentences describe the poet's actions such as "sitting alone", "playing the piano" and "howling loudly", while the last two sentences describe the quiet night and the stillness of the people, accompanied by the bright moon. It constitutes the beautiful and elegant artistic conception of the whole poem and conveys the poet's tranquil and indifferent mood.

13.A

14.B

15.B

16. (1) Refers to the "three dimensions" of space: front and back , left and right, up and down. (2) First of all, Chinese characters are “two-dimensional” in nature, because expression requires hanging the wrist. Maximizing the degree of freedom in the three-dimensional space, coupled with the appropriate use of the many degrees of freedom of the brush, increases the dimension of calligraphy and produces a visual three-dimensional effect, which is three-dimensional.

17. (1) "I" observed them from the crack in the wall; (2) "I" climbed up the tree and whistled to them; (3) "I" sat on the tree above the wall on the fork, expecting them to call me to play; (4) "I" save the little brother; (5) We got into the old sleigh under the eaves of the warehouse, looked at each other, and talked for a long time.

18. ① Big brother: calm, caring and caring for the two younger brothers. For example, the elder brother also ran to the well and said: "Please be gentle!" The younger brother fell into the well. While rescuing the younger brother, he also thought of being gentle so as not to hurt him. ②Second brother: Through the description of language and actions, we can see that the second brother is honest and humorous. For example, "I stood there with my hands covered, not peeking at all." "You're crazy, that's all." ③Brother: Funny, cute, lively and smart. Such as "hide and seek and jump into the well" and "I fell into the puddle, right?"

19. (1) Because "I" thought, they must throw stones at me, so I picked them up He picked up a lot of stones and didn't even think about starting a war. "I" felt lost because "I" expected them to play with "me", but "obviously, they have forgotten me." It can be seen that "I" was lonely in childhood and longed for companionship. (2) This detailed description shows how fast "I" moved. From jumping into the yard to saving people, the time was very short. It also writes that "I" have always been paying attention to the three brothers, and has already played with them in my "heart". It also highlights how "I" who was "lonely" in childhood longed for playmates.

20. It can be seen from the underlined sentence: "I" was lonely in childhood, had no partners, lacked care, had no happiness, was wary of others, and was often beaten.

21. D