High-yield cultivation techniques of garlic

Garlic is a good nutrient, so how much do you know about how to grow garlic with high yield? Let me introduce the high-yield cultivation techniques of garlic for you. Let's have a look!

High-yield cultivation techniques of garlic

Four-step fertilization of garlic with high quality and high yield in autumn

In autumn in kind of garlic, due to high temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, and dry weather, garlic not only has low germination rate, irregular germination, thin buds and slow growth, but also is prone to problems such as yellowing of leaf tips, thin stems and leaflets, short plants, low yield and poor quality. It is necessary to improve the quality of garlic by fertilization. Specific practices are as follows:

Soak the seeds in a fertilizer solution. Before planting autumn garlic, the seeds were soaked in the mixture of 1500 times of Shennong chelating fertilizer and 1000 times of natural brassin for 8 ~ 10 hour, and then planted.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer. When planting autumn garlic, apply 40-50kg of compound fertilizer (15-15) and 8-10kg of biological bacterial fertilizer per mu, then plant garlic seeds, and then cover the soil with dry straw or other weeds, with the grass thickness of 5-6cm.

Topdressing in time. The height of garlic seedlings in autumn is about10 ~15cm. When 3 ~ 5 new leaves grow, start topdressing. After that, topdressing once every 15 ~ 20 days, and harvesting can be achieved after 3 ~ 5 times. 40-50 kg of fermented peanut bran, 8- 10 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer and 20-30 kg of amino acid organic compound fertilizer are applied per mu each time, mixed with 100 times of clear water and evenly sprayed in the soil around the roots of garlic plants.

During the growth and development of autumn garlic, foliar topdressing requires spraying 0. 1000 magnesium sulfate, 0.2% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 300 times of calcium nitrate, 1000 times of plant high-efficiency balanced nutrient solution and1000 times of natural fertilizer every 7 days.

How to prevent garlic from sprouting

Garlic contains crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, basic acid, anti-scurvy, riboflavin, protein and other nutrients, of which the volatile oil is about 0.2%, which is pungent and smelly. However, it is found that allicin contained in the volatile oil has obvious bactericidal effect, which proves that it has therapeutic and preventive effects on infections caused by bacteria, fungi or pests.

Garlic loves to sprout, so how to preserve it is a problem. Except in a dry and ventilated place, we might as well preserve it in the form of fried garlic; The method is to clean garlic, dry it, remove the outer film, fry it in hot oil until golden brown, then wrap it in plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator after the oil drops are exhausted, so that it can be stored for a long time.

Some spicy ingredients of fried garlic will be dissolved in oil, but golden garlic still does not reduce its flavor, and it is quite suitable for cooking and stewing. Moreover, fried garlic is easy to preserve, and its nutritional value remains in garlic. It is a good way to treat garlic at home and people who are afraid of strong spicy.

How to store garlic seeds in winter

Before the topsoil is frozen, a water storage ditch can be dug in the shade of higher ground, with a depth of 50-60 cm and a width of 60-70 cm. The length of the ditch can be determined according to the water storage capacity. When the local temperature dropped to-12℃, it began to be stored in ditches. 2 ~ 3 days before storage, garlic seeds are fully dried to reduce the water content of garlic seeds. When burying, use bricks or wooden sticks to pad the bottom of the ditch with a height of 5cm ~10cm, and then pile garlic on it until it is15cm ~ 20cm away from the ground. Build a tent on garlic with wooden sticks, paper shells and straw stalks, and then bury it tightly with soil to prevent ventilation. When covering the shed, a thin tube is vertically tied to one side of the shed, and a thermometer is hung in the tube to measure the temperature change in the ditch at any time. During storage, the temperature in the ditch should be controlled at 0℃ ~ 10℃. When the temperature is lower than-10℃, the straw mat should be covered to keep warm, and it should be removed in time after the temperature rises. After snowfall in winter, the snow should be removed before it melts to prevent the snow from flowing into the ditch. In early spring, garlic seeds are taken out 2 ~ 3 days before sowing, and can be sown in the form of petals after slight drying. This storage method keeps garlic seeds at a low temperature below 0℃ during storage, and the respiration stops or semi-stops, thus reducing the nutritional consumption of garlic seeds. Before sowing, garlic seeds are hard and white in color, and new roots germinate neatly. After sowing, the plant grows vigorously and the yield increases obviously.

Key points of high-yield cultivation of garlic

1. Fine soil preparation: It is better to plant garlic in sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer, loose ventilation, good drainage and rich organic matter. Try to avoid continuous cropping, and don't plant it with onions and garlic. Generally, plow 20 cm deep and break the bottom of the plow, rake it thin and level, and establish a width of 1.5? 2.0 meters, 20 meters long? 30 meters, dig drainage ditch, keep the boundary smooth and soft.

2. Deep application of base fertilizer: Garlic has a long growth period, a large population density and a large amount of fertilizer. Apply 4000-5000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure per mu, Stanley? Sanan? Or apply 80- 100 kg special fertilizer for garlic, and turn it into 15-20 cm soil layer in combination with soil preparation.

3. Suitable for sowing: Garlic likes cold climate, and the best seedling age for overwintering is 4-6 leaves. In Shandong, it is generally suitable to sow in the autumn equinox-cold dew. Timely sowing is beneficial to strong seedlings, developed roots, safe overwintering, early harvest of young garlic shoots and high yield. Late sowing will reduce the quality of garlic or produce single garlic.

4, reasonable close planting, pay attention to shallow sowing:? Grow onions and garlic? It is the experience gained by farmers' practice for many years. The suitable furrow depth of garlic is 5-6 cm, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the soil after sowing is about 2 cm. Is the line spacing 15? 20 cm, plant spacing 10? 12 cm, 3 per mu? 35 thousand strains. If you sow too deep and plant slowly, garlic will be small and the yield will be low in the future.

5, intertillage weeding: after watering, weeds germinate and intertillage in time, weeding breaks soil hardening and increases soil permeability.

6. Scientific fertilizer and water management: The topdressing period of garlic is generally divided into topdressing before overwintering, topdressing during turning green, topdressing at jointing stage and topdressing at growing stage. Topdressing should be combined with watering, combining fertilizer with water to promote fertilizer and garlic growth.

(1) Topdressing before overwintering: It can promote rapid rooting and seedling growth after emergence and improve the overwintering performance of garlic. The plots with insufficient base fertilizer should be carried out 15-30 days after emergence, and 8- 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer should be applied per mu; For fields with high fertility and sufficient base fertilizer, seedling-promoting fertilizer may not be applied.

② Greening fertilizer: Generally, it should be applied when the temperature rises in spring and the heart leaves and roots of garlic begin to grow, that is, before and after the vernal equinox, 8- 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer should be applied per mu.

(3) Moss-promoting fertilizer: Generally, it should be applied when the differentiation of scale buds and flower buds is completed, and garlic moss is bred or exposed. At this time, the growth is vigorous, and the growth amount and fertilizer requirement have reached the peak, so the moss-promoting fertilizer is a key topdressing, accounting for 40%-50% of the total topdressing amount, and the Stanley sulfur-based compound (combination) fertilizer (17-6-22, 20-5-20, etc.) is applied per mu. ) It's 25-30 Jin.

④ Topdressing: Generally, it should be carried out 25-30 days after bolting fertilizer application, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied, and it is appropriate to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer 15-20 kg per mu to meet the nutrient requirements of garlic bolting and garlic swelling. At the same time, combining disease prevention and spraying foliar fertilizer to ensure a bumper harvest of garlic.

High-yield cultivation techniques of garlic

First, deep ploughing and applying sufficient base fertilizer.

Garlic is suitable for deep, fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil. Clean up the ground immediately after the previous garlic harvest, and apply 5000 ~ 6000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 80 ~ 100 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, together with some calcium, magnesium and sulfur fertilizers. Then turn it about 30 cm deep, plough it deeply and rake it flat.

Second, sow carefully and cultivate strong seedlings.

1, select seed petals: seed petals are the main nutrient source of garlic seedlings, and their size has a great influence on the organ formation of the product. Therefore, according to the variety characteristics, garlic with large head, large petals and even petals should be selected as seeds. Before sowing, break garlic cloves and remove rotten, moth-eaten and damaged garlic cloves. According to the size, garlic cloves should be divided into three grades. When sowing, the first-class seed clove (the weight of clove is about 500g) should be sown first, and then the second-class seed clove (the weight of clove is about 400g) and the third-class seed clove (the weight of clove is less than 300g) should be sown. Seeds of different grades should be planted separately and not mixed.

2. Sow in time: The most suitable time for sowing garlic is to make the plant grow to 5-6 leaves before overwintering. At this time, the plant has the strongest cold resistance and will not freeze to death in cold winter, which will lay a good foundation for the plant to survive vernalization smoothly. Seeding too early, the seedlings grow too vigorously before overwintering, consuming nutrients, reducing overwintering ability, causing secondary growth and affecting garlic quality. If sowing is too late, the garlic seedlings will be small, the tissues will be tender, the roots will be weak, the accumulated nutrients will be less, the cold resistance will be lower, and more people will die during the winter. Therefore, the sowing date of garlic must be strictly controlled.

3. Reasonable close planting: the yield of garlic bolt and garlic is composed of the number of plants per mu, the number of garlic petals per plant, the bolt weight and the petal weight. According to the variety characteristics, plant 40,000 ~ 50,000 plants per mu; Early-maturing varieties should be properly densely planted, and it is best to plant about 50 thousand plants per mu; Intermediate and late-maturing varieties should be thinned appropriately, and it is better to plant about 40 thousand mu.

4. Should be planted shallowly:? Deep onion and shallow garlic? Garlic is suitable for shallow planting, and the thickness of covering soil is 3 ~ 4 cm. When ditch planting is adopted, a ditch with a depth of 10 cm can be opened. Before planting, the soil should be filled with 3 ~ 4 cm, and then garlic should be placed. The garlic planted is about 3 cm high. The surface of the border is flat, and the thickness of the soil is 3 ~ 4 cm.

Step 5 cover with plastic film

Compared with land cultivation, plastic film mulching can improve the microenvironment conditions of garlic growth and promote the growth and development of garlic, thus achieving the goal of early maturity and high yield. The research shows that the bolting time of garlic can be advanced by 6 ~ 10 days, and the maturity can be advanced by 5 ~ 8 days, which can increase the yield of garlic by 55.35% and garlic by 44.8%.

Generally, sow first and then cover with plastic film. The covering film should be tight. Make the membrane close to the ground, seamless and wrinkle-free, and block it with soil in time when it is damaged.

Third, strengthen field management to ensure high and stable yield.

1, seedling management: garlic seedlings are watered 1 time, combined with watering, 5-8kg high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu to promote seedling growth, and no fertilizer is applied in fields with high fertility and sufficient base fertilizer. Then control the fertilizer and water, intertillage and weed, loosen the soil and keep moisture. In order to protect the seedlings from overwintering, 1 sub-freezing water should be poured in time. In spring, when the temperature rises and the heart leaves and roots of garlic begin to grow, water green water, combined with water, and apply 8 ~ 10 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of seedlings.

2. Management of flower bud differentiation in elongation period: After the mother plant leaves, the plant begins to live independently, and flower buds and scale buds begin to differentiate and enter the vigorous growth period. During this period, irrigation should be increased. Generally, water every 5-6 days 1 time, and topdressing every 2 times 1 time. Compound fertilizer can be topdressing15-20kg per mu, topdressing * * twice. Stop watering 3 ~ 5 days before the young garlic shoots are harvested, so that the plants will wither slightly, so as to make them? Nonsense? Chinese cabbage that blooms easily.

3. Bulb expansion management: water 1 time immediately after flowering, and apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer15 ~ 20kg per mu to meet the nutrient demand of garlic expansion. Water 1 time in the next 4 ~ 5 days, and stop watering before harvest 1 week to make garlic tissue mature and improve its storage resistance.

Fourth, timely harvest.

1, garlic bolting harvesting: timely harvesting of garlic bolting can not only improve the yield and quality of garlic bolting, but also play an important role in improving the yield of garlic bolting. When garlic seedlings produce 8 ~ 15 cm leaf sheath opening, the upper part bends? Weighing hook? When the involucre turns white, it is harvested with soft texture and high yield. Harvesting at noon or afternoon on sunny days is ideal. When lifting garlic, we should pay attention to protecting garlic leaves to prevent them from being pulled up or broken, which will affect the expansion and growth of garlic.

2. Harvest of garlic: According to different uses, if garlic is harvested for pickling, it can be harvested about 15 days after bolting; If garlic is dried in the sun, the leaves of the plant will gradually turn yellow and the false stems will be harvested 20 ~ 25 days after harvest. After harvesting, dry in the sun. When drying, be careful to dry only garlic seedlings, not the head, to prevent garlic from burning or turning green, and turn it frequently. After 2 ~ 3 days, the stems and leaves can be stored after drying.