What electronic components does a semiconductor include? Detailed introduction of semiconductor electronic components

The so-called semiconductor is a kind of substance with electrical properties between metal conductor and insulator, usually solid (such as germanium, silicon and some compounds), in which the change of impurity content and external conditions (such as temperature change and light irradiation) will change its conductivity.

At present, semiconductor components include diodes, triodes, field effect tubes, thyristors, Darlington tubes, light emitting diodes, and integrated blocks and chips containing semiconductor tubes.

① diode:

Diode, (English: Diode), in electronic components, the most common function of diode is to only allow current to pass in one direction (called forward bias), and block it when the current is reversed (called reverse bias). Therefore, the diode can be considered as an electronic version of the check valve.

② Triode:

An electronic component consisting of three electrodes. There are two kinds: electron tube triode and semiconductor triode. The triode of electron tube consists of screen, grid and cathode; Semiconductor triode consists of collector, base and emitter.

(3) field effect tube:

Field effect transistor is a voltage control element, which is similar to the triode of electron tube, but its structure and working principle are completely different from that of electron tube. Compared with bipolar transistors, field effect transistors have the following characteristics:

(1)FET is a voltage control device, which controls ID through UGS;

(2) The input current of 2)FET is very small, so its input resistance is very large.

(3) majority carriers are used for conduction, so that the temperature stability is good;

(4) The voltage amplification coefficient of the amplifier circuit composed of it is smaller than that of the amplifier circuit composed of triode;

(5) The field effect tube has strong radiation resistance;

(6) Because there is no shot noise caused by minority carrier diffusion in chaotic motion, the noise is low.

④ Thyristors:

The conduction conditions of thyristor are: DC voltage is applied, and the gate has trigger current; Its derivative devices are: fast thyristor, bidirectional thyristor, reverse thyristor, light-controlled thyristor and so on. It is a high-power switching semiconductor device, which is represented by "V" and "VT" in the circuit (represented by the letter "SCR" in the old standard).

⑤ Darlington tube

Darlington pipe principle Darlington pipe is also called composite pipe. It properly connects two triodes to form an equivalent new triode. This is equivalent to the transistor's magnification is the product of the two. Application of darlington tube;

(1) is used for high-power switching circuits, motor speed regulation and inverter circuits.

(12 drives a small relay. CMOS circuit is used to drive high-sensitivity relay through Darlington tube, as shown in the upper right picture. Inside the dotted box is the low-power NPN Darlington electron tube FN020.

3) driving the LED intelligent display screen.

⑥ LED diode

Light-emitting diode is a kind of semiconductor element. At first, it was mainly used as indicator light, display LED board and so on. With the appearance of white LED, it is also used as lighting.

LED, known as the fourth generation lighting source or green light source, has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long service life and small size, and is widely used in various fields such as indication, display, decoration, backlight, general lighting and urban night scenes.

The above is a simple arrangement of several commonly used semiconductor electronic components, which are widely used in the electronic field. You can understand them.

This article was edited by Mr IC. If you have any questions, please communicate and discuss.