● Luoyang, Henan ●

Luoyang city is located in the west of Henan province, between 111.8' and 112.59' east longitude and 33.35' and 35.5' north latitude. The eastern section of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, which straddles both sides of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is known as the "hinterland of Kyushu" and is "in the middle of the world". Luoyang enjoys excellent geographical conditions. It is located in the transition zone from the southern edge of the warm temperate zone to the north subtropical zone, with distinct seasons and pleasant climate. The annual average temperature is 14.2' C and the rainfall is 546 mm. Zhengzhou in the east, Sanmenxia in the west, Jiaozuo across the Yellow River in the north and Pingdingshan and Nanyang in the south. It is about 179 kilometers long from east to west and 168 kilometers wide from north to south.

Luoyang is high in the west and low in the east. The territory is criss-crossed with mountains and hills, and the terrain is complex and diverse, including 45.51% in mountainous areas, 4.73% in hills and 13.8% in plains. There are many mountains around it, such as Yushan, Mangshan, Qingyao Mountain, Jingzishan, Zhoushan, Yingshan, Longmen, Xiangshan, Wanan Mountain, shouyangshan and Songshan. There are numerous rivers and canals in the territory, which belong to the three major water systems of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River, and more than 1 rivers such as the Yellow River, Luohe River, Yihe River, Qinghe River, Cihe River, Tieluan River, Jianhe River and Chanhe River meander in the meantime, and it is known as "surrounded by mountains and six rivers flowing in parallel, eight customs are all cities, and ten provinces are thoroughfares". Because Luoyang is located in the Central Plains, with mountains and rivers, Qinling Mountains in the west and Qinchuan in Guanzhong. East of Song Yue; North of Taihang and the risk of the Yellow River; Looking at the bulls in the south, there are thousands of leaves to spare. "The rivers and mountains are crowned with the situation, and the situation is the best in the world."

Historical evolution

Luoyang, named after being located in the Yang of Guluo River, is one of the first historical and cultural cities announced in the State Council. Heluo area with Luoyang as the center is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization. China ancient myths such as Fuxi, Nuwa, Huangdi, Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu, etc. are widely spread here. Xia Taikang moved the capital to pour, and Shang Tang made its capital in Xihao; King Wu attacked, and 8 people waited for Mengjin; Duke of Zhou assisted the government and moved Jiuding to Luoyi. Ping Dongqian, Gaozu Duluo, Guangxu Zhongxing, Wei and Jin Dynasties Zen, Filial Piety Reform, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Later Liang and Tang Jin Dynasties, and thirteen dynasties. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, Luoyang gradually became an international metropolis. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it had a population of one million, paid tribute in all directions, and hundreds of countries came to Korea, which was very prosperous.

in p>1948, Luoyang was liberated and the People's Democratic Government of Luoyang was established. Analysis of Luoyang County as a city, juxtaposed with Luoyang County. In December of the following year, Luoyang Municipal People's Democratic Government was renamed Luoyang Municipal People's Government. In 1954, Luoyang was upgraded to a municipality directly under the Central Government of Henan Province. The following year, Luoyang County was revoked, part of it was merged into Luoyang City, and the rest was included in Yanshi and Mengjin counties.

administrative divisions

Luoyang now governs one city, eight counties such as yanshi city, Mengjin, Xin 'an, Luoning, Yiyang, Yichuan, Songxian, Luanchuan and Ruyang, and six urban areas such as Jianxi, Xigong, Old Town, Chan River, Luolong District and Geely, with a total area of 15,28 square kilometers and an urban area of 544 square kilometers.

ethnic population

Luoyang is a place where many ethnic groups live together. There are 32 ethnic groups in the city, of which the Han population accounts for 98.8% of the city's total population, and other ethnic minorities account for 1.2% of the city's total population, among which more than 5 ethnic groups are Hui, Manchu and Mongolian. Ethnic minorities are mainly Hui, with more than 6, people, accounting for more than 7% of the ethnic minority population.

At the end of p>24, the total population of Luoyang was 6,383,9, and the urban population was more than 1,4,.

Industrial technology

The concentration of large and medium-sized key industrial enterprises is a major feature of Luoyang. At present, there are more than 5, independent accounting industrial enterprises, with six pillar industries such as machinery and electronics, petrochemical industry, metallurgy, building materials, textiles and food, and a large number of international and domestic famous brand products such as Dongfanghong tractor, Luoyang float glass, Dayang motorcycle, HJD4 program-controlled exchange, Baima cotton yarn and peony copper. There are 6 national enterprise technology centers and 14 provincial ones. With the structural adjustment as the main line, with an investment of 1 billion yuan, we are fully implementing the "1648" traditional industry upgrading and transformation project of 16 enterprises and 48 projects, and accelerating the development of three emerging advantageous industries: petroleum chemical fiber, integration of coal, electricity and aluminum, and electronic information. At the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the city's industrial sales revenue can reach about 1 billion yuan.

Luoyang has strong scientific and technological strength. Fourteen subordinate research institutes, such as Tuo Research Institute, Axis Research Institute, Nai Research Institute, 14 Center and Petrochemical Engineering Company, produce numerous high-tech achievements every year. At present, there are 5 academicians of the two academies, and scientific and technical personnel account for 2% of the total number of employees. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, there were 128 scientific and technological achievements in the city, including 43 at the national level and 483 at the provincial and ministerial levels, with an average annual technical transaction volume of more than 3 million yuan. There are one national high-tech development zone and one provincial software park, and 487 well-known enterprises at home and abroad, such as Cabo Ceramsite Company, the world's largest natural gas company, have settled in to start businesses. There are 146 high-tech enterprises and 295 kinds of high-tech products recognized by the province.

Urban Construction

In recent years, Luoyang City has successively implemented the "75133" project with the main content of "building 7 roads, 5 bridges and 1 garden, renovating 3 scenic spots and improving 3 public welfare facilities", the "Five Image Projects" with the main content of green, bright, clean, beautiful and smooth, and the construction and management of scenic spots. , a large-scale transformation of the city's import and export roads and urban road networks, the construction of the east-west 14 kilometers, green space of 1.47 million square meters, water surface of 1.48 million square meters of Luohe scenic area, the new urban water supply, sewage treatment, pipeline gas, central heating and other public facilities, the city's comprehensive service functions and image quality have been significantly improved.

the built-up area of Luoyang city has reached 15 square kilometers, and the total length of urban roads is nearly 3 kilometers. Pay attention to the ecological environment construction, courtyard greening, road greening, square attractions greening and other greening projects have achieved remarkable results, and Peony Square and Luopu Park have been built. A number of public green spaces, such as Youth Palace Square and Central Asia Square, have significantly improved their living environment. The green coverage rate of the built-up area is 37%, and the per capita green space is 7 square meters, which has passed the acceptance of the national garden city. The comprehensive management of the city has been continuously strengthened, and the appearance of the city is clean and bright. At present, Luoyang is aiming at highlighting the characteristics of famous cities and realizing the corresponding development between the north and the south of Luohe, further expanding the urban framework, improving infrastructure, strengthening the protection of historical and cultural cities, constantly improving the urban environmental quality and cultural taste, and striving to achieve the integration and unity of ancient civilization and modern civilization.

product resources

Luoyang is rich in product resources and has broad development prospects. There are 26 Class A mineral resources such as molybdenum, aluminum, gold, silver, tungsten, coal, iron, zinc, crystal and lead, which are large in reserves, high in grade and easy to exploit and utilize. Among them, the reserve of molybdenum ore ranks first in China and is one of the three largest molybdenum mines in the world.

There are 173 families, 83 genera, 238 species, 198 varieties and 6 forms of higher plants in Luoyang. Luoyang is rich in wildlife resources. There are 342 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the city, including more than 19 species of rare animals and more than 48 species of natural pharmacology. Water resources are also abundant, including the Yellow River, Luohe River, Yihe River, Chan River and Jianhe River, and two large reservoirs in Luhun and Guxian.

Tourism resources

Luoyang is located in the mountainous area of western Henan, with Songyue in the east, Qinling Mountain in the west, Funiu in the south and Taihang Mountain in the north. Its topography and landforms are complex and changeable, which has nurtured famous mountains and rivers, rivers and lakes waterfalls, karst caves and hot springs, virgin forests and other scenic spots. North 25 axioms include the Yellow River, the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project, which attracts worldwide attention. The 27-square-mile vast water surface is integrated with the mountains, forming a spectacular picture of Qiandao Lake in the north. The East 8 axiom includes the scenic spots of Zhongyue Songshan Mountain and Shaolin Temple, with green hills and towering peaks, towering temples and numerous martial arts schools. Within 5 to 16 kilometers in the south and west, there are national forest parks Baiyun Mountain, Longyuwan Mountain, Huaguoshan Mountain and Funiu Mountain, and there are 8 provincial forest parks and nature reserves such as Laojun Mountain in Luanchuan, Shenlingzhai in Luoning, Tianchi Mountain in Songxian County and Qingyao Mountain in Xin 'an, as well as scenic spots such as Jiguan Cave, Severe Gully in Northland Water Town and Luhun Reservoir Tourist Resort. These natural landscapes, which are densely covered with scenic spots and connected with scenic spots, are either majestic mountains and clear waters, or strange peaks and rocks, or narrow valleys and caves, or lush bamboos and forests, or clear springs and waterfalls, which are majestic, strange and beautiful in one furnace, and combine the beauty of the wild with the softness of Ming Xiu, and have the charm of natural scenery in the north and the south. With the gradual improvement of the infrastructure construction of scenic spots, especially the construction of the tourism express passage from Xiaolangdi to the southern natural scenic spots, these long-lost scenic spots are attracting more and more Chinese and foreign tourists.

rural economy

Luoyang's agricultural structure adjustment adheres to local conditions, highlights its characteristics, develops regionally and on a large scale, and the pattern of six pillar industries, such as high-quality special grain, fruit, Chinese herbal medicine, tobacco leaves and flower seedlings, has initially taken shape. The development of animal husbandry has accelerated, and dairy production has made breakthrough progress.

Luoyang is rich in biological resources and there are many kinds of agricultural cash crops. There are precious trees such as Aquilaria sinensis, Hemlock, Lianxiang, Ginkgo biloba and Paeonia lactiflora. There are natural chemical raw materials such as lacquer tree and tung tree; There are economic plants such as walnut, hawthorn, chestnut, apple and persimmon. It is also an important origin of medicinal materials, with more than 148 species. Luoyang is an important wheat producing area in Henan Province, and Yanshi's wheat cultivation techniques are well-known throughout the country, with an yield of more than 1, kilograms per mu. The cash crops mainly include cotton, tobacco leaves and oilseeds. Local products are well known, mainly including paulownia in Yanshi, pear and Yellow River carp in Mengjin, persimmon and cherry in Xin 'an, green bamboo and kiwifruit in Luoning and so on. Mengjin's milk goat and Yichuan's big-tailed cow are well-known in the sea, and have been identified as goat and big-tailed cow production base counties by the state respectively.

comprehensive strength

in recent years, Luoyang has seized the opportunity of implementing the proactive fiscal policy and developing the western region, deepened reform and accelerated development, and its economic and social outlook has undergone remarkable changes. In 24, the gross domestic product was 9.46 billion yuan, and the general budget revenue was 4.28 billion yuan (5.6 billion yuan according to the old standard before the income tax reform), up by 15.9% and 36.1% respectively over the previous year. The rural economy has developed steadily, and the reform of state-owned enterprises and the adjustment of industrial structure have been deepened. In 2, Longmen Grottoes were listed in the World Heritage List.

in p>21, it won the title of excellent tourist city in China, and the tourism environment improved obviously. We will conscientiously implement the strategy of rejuvenating Luoyang through science and education, and make all-round progress in social undertakings such as science and technology and education. The social security system has been continuously improved, the people's living standards have been further improved, and the construction of spiritual civilization, democracy and legal system has been further promoted. It has won the title of "Double Support Model City" for three consecutive times at the national and provincial levels.

Luoyang Flower

Peony is a famous traditional flower in China. It is magnificent and beautiful. Since ancient times, it has the meaning of wealth, good fortune and prosperity, representing the demeanor of the Chinese nation as a great country. "Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peony is especially strange in the world." Luoyang peony rooted in the land of Heluo began in Sui Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty, and became the best in Song Dynasty. According to legend, Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty held a banquet in winter to enjoy flowers, which made the flowers bloom, but the peony refused and was demoted to Luoyang. After moving to Los Angeles, I was in full bloom. When Wu Hou heard about it, he ordered the peony to burn. The branches of the peony were burnt, but the next year it was still blooming, and the flowers were bigger and more colorful. Luoyang peonies became famous all over the world, and

Luoyang people became more and more popular to cultivate and watch peonies. As the poets Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi praised in the Tang Dynasty, "Only the peony is the true national color, and the capital will move when it blooms" and "when it blooms for 2 days, people in a city will be crazy".

In p>1982, the Standing Committee of Luoyang Municipal People's Congress officially designated peony as the city flower. At present, there are more than 7 varieties, 23 million plants and 5,4 mu of peony in Luoyang, which are all over the city's garden attractions, street flower beds, government courtyards and suburban gardens. It has four high-grade ornamental gardens, such as Wangcheng Park and Guose Peony Garden. Driven by scientific and technological progress, Luoyang peony has achieved four seasons of flowering, and its full flowering period has been continuously extended. Luoyang brand peony has also continuously entered the international market. Since 1983, Luoyang people have successfully held the 21st Luoyang Peony Flower Fair with flowers as the media, making friends, setting up a stage for culture, economy, trade and tourism, and achieved good economic and social benefits. It has become an important window for Henan Province to open to the outside world and one of the four famous fairs in China.

major scenic spots

□ Longmen Mountain Color

Longmen, called yique in ancient times, was called "Longmen" only after Sui and Tang Dynasties. Here, the two mountains are sandwiched in the shape of a gate, and the Iraqi water flows through it, just like a long dragon passing through the door. Bai Juyi once said that "the mountains and rivers in the western suburbs of Luoyang win, and the Longmen Mountain is the first", so "Longmen Mountain Color" has long been known as the first of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang.

□ The bell of Masi Temple

The bell of Masi Temple is another of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang. In the Northern Wei, Tang and Song Dynasties, the White Horse Temple was flourishing because of Buddhism, and there were more than a thousand monks in the temple. The monks went to the temple to recite scriptures on time every morning and evening. Whenever the moon is white and the wind is clear, and the morning dawns, the chime in the temple hits the bell and the Buddha recites, and the bell is melodious and floating, and it is refreshing to hear it for miles. In the Ming dynasty, there was a big iron bell in the temple, weighing about 5 kilograms, and the bell was particularly loud. It is said that this bell has the same melody as the bell tower on Luoyang East Street, and it can ring * * *. People often hear the bell of the White Horse Temple at the same time, and then the bell on the bell tower of Luoyang City rings. There is a popular saying among the people that "the bell rings in the east and in the west, and the bell rings in the east". Therefore, the bell of Masi Temple is known as one of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang.

□ Jingu Chunqing

Jingu Garden, a villa of Shi Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty, is located in Jingu Cave, seven miles northeast of Luoyang Old Town. Shi Chong is a famous monopoly. Because he competed with Wang Kai, a noble landlord, for wealth, he built Jingu Villa, which is called Jingu Garden. The garden is built with the height of the terrain. Qingxi in the garden lingers and the sound of water gurgles. Because of the mountain-shaped water potential, Shi Chong built gardens and museums, dug lakes and opened ponds, and within dozens of miles around, pavilions and pavilions stood high and low, and the golden valley water lingered through it, and birds sang in secluded villages and fish jumped into the lotus pond. Shi Chong sent people to the South China Sea Islands to exchange pearls, agates, amber rhinoceros horns, ivory and other valuables with silk needles, bronze and iron wares, and decorated the houses in the park like palaces. The scenery of Jingu Garden has always been told by people. Whenever the spring is in March, when the wind is warm and the sun is warm, the peach blossoms are burning, the willows are curled up, the pavilions and trees are shaded by each other, and the butterflies are dancing among the flowers; Birds are chirping at the branches of the language. Therefore, people regard "Golden Valley and Spring Sunny" as one of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang.

□ Mangshan Night View

Mangshan is also known as Pingfeng Mountain, Taiping Mountain and Mangshan Mountain. It is like a long dragon winding across the north of Luoyang, hundreds of miles from east to west, with an altitude of about 25 meters, just like the natural barrier of Luoyang. As the saying goes, "Born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, buried in Beimang", the ancients regarded Beimang as a good place to sleep after death. There are many ancient tombs near Xinzhuang village in Mengjin, which is the burial area of tombs and princes and ministers in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Whenever the Qingming Festival in spring and the Double Ninth Festival (the ninth day of the ninth lunar month) are crisp and crisp in autumn, groups of men and women should go hiking and look far. Especially the Cuiyunfeng in the north of the city, the ancient trees and forests in the Tang and Song Dynasties are as green as clouds, which is a holy place for people to climb and play. Every time the sun sets, the twilight is boundless, ten thousand lights are on, and the smoke from the kitchen chimneys is curling up, standing at the peak to watch the tall battlements, majestic palaces, wide gardens and magnificent pavilions at the foot of the mountain is very spectacular. This is the portrayal of "Mangshan Mountain overlooking the night", one of the eight scenic spots in Luoyang.

xiao yue, Tianjin

Tianjin Bridge, 1 meters east of Luoyang Bridge, is a pontoon bridge formed by connecting numerous large ships with iron cables in ancient times. It was built in the first year of Emperor Yangdi's Daye (AD 65). Later, it was burned down by the peasant uprising army at the end of Sui Dynasty. It was only in the Tang Dynasty that it was rebuilt into a stone bridge. It was more than 5 miles around Sui and Tang Dynasties and had a population of more than one million. The Luohe River runs through the city from west to east, and Tianjin Bridge crosses it.