Knowledge on natural disaster prevention and control

1. Natural disasters and prevention. 1 Based on the knowledge learned, determine the season with the most frequent thunderstorms and explain the reasons

1. May to September is the season with the most frequent thunderstorms. It can be seen from the causes of thunder and lightning that certain conditions must be met to form thunderclouds, that is, there must be sufficient water vapor in the air, there must be power to make the moist air rise, and the air must be able to produce violent convection movements. In spring and summer, due to the warm weather in the south, Affected by moist air flow, the air is humid, and solar radiation is strong. The air near the ground is constantly heated and rises. The cold air in the upper layer sinks, which is easy to form strong convection, so there are many thunderstorms and even hail. In winter, due to the control of continental cold air masses, the air is cold It is dry and the solar radiation is weak, so the air is not easy to form violent convection, so thunderstorms rarely occur, let alone hail. But sometimes the weather is warm in winter, and the warm and humid air is strong. When the north occasionally has strong cold air moving south , the warm and humid air is forced to rise, convection intensifies, and thundershowers can also form. Warm and humid air currents are particularly strong, convection is particularly strong, and hail can also form, resulting in the so-called "thunder winter" phenomenon. 2. Measures: 1. Do not go in the wilderness Do not run while running, and do not ride bicycles or motorcycles. 2. Do not take shelter from rain under trees or electric poles, and keep close to trees. 3. Do not touch power switches and electrical equipment. 4. Do not stand under electric lights, and do not take elevators.

2. Knowledge on preventing natural disasters

1. Lightning disasters and prevention (1) During lightning weather, stay indoors and close the doors and windows; people working outdoors should Take shelter inside a building.

(2) It is not suitable to use TVs, stereos and other electrical appliances without lightning protection measures or with insufficient lightning protection measures, and it is not suitable to use faucets. (3) During thunderstorms, do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire fences, metal doors and windows, and building exterior walls. Stay away from wires and other live equipment or other similar metal devices.

2. Earthquake disasters and prevention (1) Classroom lighting fixtures, laboratory cabinets and library bookshelves should be fixed. (2) During an earthquake, stay under the table, face away from the window, and use a schoolbag to protect your head.

(3) During an earthquake, do not rush out of the classroom in a panic, and avoid rushing up and down the stairs. 3. Tropical storm disasters and prevention (1) Pay attention to relevant weather forecasts and make preventive preparations.

(2) Reinforce the parts of the house that need to be reinforced in time, and close the doors and windows. (3) Prepare food, drinking water, lighting fixtures, rain gear and necessary medicines to prevent unexpected events.

(4) Dredge water leakage and drainage facilities to keep them smooth. 4. Tornado disasters and prevention (1) When a tornado strikes, doors and windows should be opened to balance the air pressure indoors and outdoors to prevent the wind from blowing off the roof and blowing down the walls.

(2) Indoors, people should protect their heads and squat facing the wall. (3) If you encounter a tornado in the wild, you should quickly move in the opposite direction of the tornado or move sideways to avoid it.

5. Flood disasters and prevention (1) If you are threatened by floods, if you have enough time, you should move to hillsides, highlands, etc. in an organized manner according to the predetermined route; if you are caught off guard and are already surrounded by floods , we should try our best to use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. for water transfer. (2) When the flood comes too fast and it is too late to evacuate, you should immediately climb onto the roof, roof, big tree, or high wall to take temporary refuge and wait for rescue. Do not swim alone to evacuate.

3. Natural disaster protection knowledge

1. How to organize personnel protection when strong wind strikes? Before strong winds come, move to a safe area in time and avoid buildings, high-altitude facilities and other places that are prone to casualties. Do not take shelter from wind and rain in the above places; flowerpots and other items must be fixed in time, and construction companies must organize them. Stack construction equipment, tools, and materials to ensure safety.

It is necessary to avoid walking on embankments and bridges near rivers, lakes and seas. Boats should return to the harbor to take shelter and anchor, people should go ashore to take shelter, and vehicles should avoid driving in strong winds. 2. How do people organize protection when a heavy rain hits? In places prone to heavy rains, it is necessary to strengthen self-prevention awareness and move people to safe places.

Heavy rain may cause water conservancy projects to fail. Once danger occurs, personnel must be moved to safe areas; once signs of geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides occur, evacuation work must be carried out in a timely manner.

3. How do people organize protection when a storm surge hits? Storm surges can easily destroy seawall embankments, culverts, wharves, revetments and other facilities. Before the typhoon comes, those who are in danger of cultivating plants outside the pond must move to a safe area in time.

4. How to organize protection before a flood strikes? Flood warnings should be issued to citizens through various channels, and all means of transportation should be used to evacuate people. 5. How do residents organize protection when floods occur? When floods rise, the power supply and gas must be cut off. Residents in low-lying areas must move to higher ground, and people in low-rise buildings must move to high-rise buildings. They can also climb trees and use floating objects to escape.

4. Preventive measures for natural disasters

(1) Adhere to the principles of people-oriented, prevention first, and combination of avoidance and management.

Strengthen prevention and control work such as investigation, monitoring, early warning and forecasting, publicity and training, change passive emergency disaster avoidance into proactive disaster reduction and prevention, coordinate and unify natural disaster prevention and control, and avoid disasters and disasters to the greatest extent Reduce losses caused by natural disasters. (2) Adhere to the principle of proceeding from reality.

Closely combine the actual situation of project construction and the overall construction requirements, and incorporate prevention and control tasks into the project development and construction plan. Natural disaster prevention and control work must be integrated with engineering construction, village and town construction, mountainous resource development, and ecological environment protection and governance to achieve the unification of the three major benefits of "social, economic, and ecological".

(3) Adhere to the principle of comprehensive planning, highlighting key points, and phased implementation. Focus on the prevention and control of natural disasters in prone areas. In the near future, we will mainly arrange for the investigation and treatment of important natural disaster points that seriously threaten the construction of projects and the safety of people's lives and property.

Achieve the combination of short-term and long-term, and combine local prevention and control with regional environmental management. (4) Adhere to the principles of technological innovation and institutional innovation.

Adhere to the combination of mass monitoring and professional monitoring, apply new theories to study natural disasters, use new technologies and new methods to monitor and control natural disasters, and establish a scientific system adapted to the prevention and control of natural disasters in project areas. (5) Adhere to the principle of multi-channel financing.

Increase investment in the prevention and control of natural disasters. According to the natural disasters caused by human activities such as engineering construction, the responsible unit shall bear the responsibility for management; if other natural disasters caused by natural factors really need to be treated, the responsible unit shall bear the responsibility for management.** * Or the owner-funded principle to carry out natural disaster management work.

Extended information: Natural disasters refer to natural phenomena that bring harm to human survival or damage the human living environment, including drought, high temperature, low temperature, cold wave, flood, accumulated waterlogging, flash flood, typhoon, tornado, and flame. Meteorological disasters such as tornadoes, hail, wind hail, frost, heavy rain, blizzard, freezing rain, acid rain, heavy fog, strong winds, ice, haze, haze, floating dust, blowing sand, sandstorms, lightning, thunderstorms, ball lightning, etc.

The characteristics of natural disasters can be summed up in six aspects: First, natural disasters are widespread and regional. On the one hand, natural disasters are widespread.

Whether it is ocean or land, above or underground, urban or rural, plain, hilly or mountainous, plateau, as long as there are human activities, natural disasters are likely to occur. On the other hand, the regional nature of the natural geographical environment determines the regional nature of natural disasters.

Secondly, natural disasters are frequent and uncertain. There are many large and small natural disasters that occur around the world every year. In recent decades, the number of natural disasters has shown an increasing trend, and the uncertainty of the time, location, and scale of natural disasters has greatly increased the difficulty for people to resist natural disasters.

Third, natural disasters are cyclical and non-recurring. Among major natural disasters, whether they are earthquakes, droughts, or floods, their occurrence shows a certain periodicity. People often say that a certain natural disaster "occurs once in ten years or once in a hundred years" is actually a popular description of the periodicity of natural disasters. The non-repeatability of natural disasters mainly refers to the non-repeatability of the disaster process and damage results. .

Fourth, natural disasters are interconnected. The connection between natural disasters manifests itself in two aspects.

On the one hand, there are connections between regions.

For example, the "El Ni?o" phenomenon occurring on the west coast of South America may cause global meteorological disorders; industrial waste gases emitted by the United States often form acid rain in Canada.

On the other hand, disasters are connected. In other words, certain natural disasters can condition each other to form disaster clusters or disaster chains.

For example, volcanic activity is a disaster group or disaster chain. Volcanic activity can lead to a series of disasters such as volcanic eruptions, melting of ice and snow, mudslides, and air pollution.

Fifth, the harm caused by various natural disasters is serious. For example, about 5 million recordable earthquakes occur around the world every year, of which about 50,000 are felt and nearly a thousand cause damage. Earthquakes strong enough to cause heavy losses of magnitude 7 or above occur about 15 times a year. The economic losses caused by drought and floods are also very serious, amounting to tens of billions of dollars every year globally.

Sixth, natural disasters are inevitable and mitigable. Since there are always contradictions between man and nature, as long as the earth is moving, matter is changing, and as long as humans exist, natural disasters cannot disappear. From this point of view, natural disasters are inevitable.

However, intelligent human beings can prevent and reduce disasters in an increasingly wider range, by avoiding harm and seeking benefits, eliminating harm to gain benefits, turning harm into benefits, and seeking benefits from harm, etc. Measures should be taken to minimize disaster losses. From this point of view, natural disasters can be mitigated. Families and individuals in disaster areas need to pay attention to the following points: ① Pay attention to the cleanliness of drinking water. If possible, follow the guidance of disaster relief personnel and strictly disinfect with drugs. If not, boil the water as much as possible before drinking. , Never use polluted water just because of trouble.

② Cooperate with disaster relief personnel to eliminate flies, mosquitoes and rats, and use all means to prevent mosquito bites. ③ If you find any abnormal situation, such as someone around you who is sick, has a fever, has a skin disease, etc., report it to disaster relief personnel or relevant departments immediately.

④ Avoid multiple people living in the same room as much as possible, and avoid sleeping with animals as much as possible, even your own poultry and livestock. ⑤ If it is not necessary, do not move arbitrarily without organization and guidance from relevant personnel.

Outsiders should not rush into the disaster area because they are concerned about the safety of their relatives and friends. ⑥ After a disaster, tap water and other water supplies are interrupted, and when it is necessary to drink groundwater, fire-fighting water and other resident water, attention should be paid to ensuring the safety of drinking water.

If the tap water supply is interrupted after a disaster, you should give priority to drinking bottled water, or go to a designated location to boil water and drink it.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Natural Disasters.

5. Knowledge about preventing natural disasters~

1. Typhoon warning signals Typhoon warning signals are divided into four levels according to the approaching time and intensity, which are colored blue, yellow, orange and red respectively. express.

(1) The meaning of the typhoon blue warning signal: It may be affected by tropical low pressure within 24 hours, with average winds reaching level 6 or above, or gusts above level 7; or it may have been affected by tropical low pressure, with average winds of Level 6~7, or gust level 7~8 and may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Be prepared for wind protection; 2. Pay attention to the latest tropical depression news reported by relevant media and relevant wind protection notices; 3. Secure doors, windows, hoardings, scaffoldings, temporary structures and other structures that are easily blown by the wind. Tighten and secure outdoor items that are susceptible to tropical depression.

(2) The meaning of the typhoon yellow warning signal: It may be affected by a tropical storm within 24 hours, with an average wind speed of up to level 8 or above, or a gust of level 9 or above; or it has been affected by a tropical storm, with an average wind speed of level 8 ~Level 9, or gusts of Level 9~10 and may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Enter the wind-proof state, and it is recommended that kindergartens and nurseries close classes; 2. Close doors and windows tightly. Residents in dangerous areas and dangerous buildings, as well as ships, should go to shelters to take shelter from the wind. Inform outdoor workers at high altitudes, on the water, etc. to stop working in dangerous areas. Evacuate staff; 3. Cut off neon signs and dangerous outdoor power supplies; 4. Stop open-air collective activities and evacuate people immediately; other blue warning signals are the same as those for typhoons.

(3) The meaning of the typhoon orange warning signal: It may be affected by a strong tropical storm within 12 hours, with average winds reaching level 10 or above, or gusts above level 11; or it may have been affected by a strong tropical storm, with average winds It is level 10~11, or the gusts are level 11~12 and may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Entering an emergency wind prevention state, it is recommended that primary and secondary schools suspend classes; 2. Residents should not go out at will, and ensure that the elderly and children stay at home in the safest place; 3. Relevant emergency response departments and rescue units should strengthen their duties and closely monitor the disaster situation. Implement countermeasures; 4. Stop large-scale indoor storms and evacuate people immediately; 5. Reinforce port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, stranding and collisions; other yellow warning signals are the same as typhoons.

(4) Typhoon red warning signal Meaning: It may or has been affected by a typhoon within 6 hours. The average wind force can reach level 12 or above, or it has reached level 12 or above and may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Entering a special emergency wind prevention state, it is recommended to suspend business and classes (except for special industries); 2. Personnel should stay in windproof and safe places as much as possible, and relevant emergency response departments and rescue units are ready to initiate rescue and emergency plans at any time; 3. When the center of a typhoon passes, the wind will decrease or remain stationary for a period of time. Remember that strong winds will blow suddenly and you should stay in a safe place to take shelter; other orange warning signals are the same as those of typhoons.

2. Heavy rain warning signal Heavy rain warning signal is divided into three levels, represented by yellow, orange and red respectively. Provincial meteorological authorities in the northwest and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau regions can formulate heavy rain warning standards based on actual conditions and submit them to the China Meteorological Administration's Forecasting and Disaster Mitigation Department for approval.

(1) Heavy rain yellow warning signal Meaning: The rainfall will reach more than 50 mm in 6 hours, or has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Parents, students, and schools should pay special attention to weather changes and take defensive measures; 2. Cover items to be dried in the open air, and relevant units should carry out drainage and waterlogging prevention work in low-lying and flood-prone areas; 3. Drivers should pay attention Ensure safety due to water accumulation on roads and traffic congestion; 4. Check farmland and fish pond drainage systems to reduce water levels in fish ponds that are prone to flooding.

(2) Orange rainstorm warning signal Meaning: The rainfall in 3 hours will reach more than 50 mm, or has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Suspend outdoor operations in open areas and stay indoors or in safe places to avoid rain as much as possible; 2. Relevant emergency response departments and rescue units should strengthen their duties, closely monitor the disaster situation, cut off dangerous outdoor power sources in low-lying areas, and implement Countermeasures; 3. Traffic management departments should implement traffic guidance or control in waterlogged areas; 4. Move residents in dangerous areas and dilapidated buildings to safe places to take shelter from rain; other yellow warning signals are the same as heavy rain.

(3) Heavy rain red warning signal Meaning: The rainfall in 3 hours will reach more than 100 mm, or has reached more than 100 mm and the rainfall may continue. Defense guidelines: 1. Personnel should stay in a safe place, and people outdoors should immediately take shelter in a safe place; 2. Relevant emergency response departments and rescue units are ready to initiate rescue and emergency plans at any time; 3. Schools with students and working personnel , kindergartens and other relevant units should take special protective measures. Units in dangerous areas should suspend classes and operations, and immediately move to a safe place for temporary shelter; others are the same as the orange warning signal for heavy rain.

3. High temperature warning signal The high temperature warning signal is divided into two levels, represented by orange and red respectively. Provincial meteorological authorities in arid areas can formulate high temperature warning standards based on actual conditions and submit them to the China Meteorological Administration's Disaster Forecasting and Mitigation Department for approval.

(1) High temperature orange warning signal Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 37°C within 24 hours. Defense guidelines: 1. Try to avoid outdoor activities during high-temperature hours in the afternoon, provide guidance on heatstroke prevention and cooling for the elderly, weak, sick, and young, and take necessary protective measures; 2. Relevant departments should pay attention to preventing wires from being damaged due to excessive power consumption. , Transformers and other electrical equipment have heavy loads, causing fires; 3. Workers working outdoors or under high temperature conditions should take necessary protective measures; 4. Pay attention to work and rest schedules, ensure sleep, and prepare some commonly used heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs if necessary; 5. Media The publicity of heatstroke prevention and cooling health care knowledge should be strengthened, and relevant departments and units should implement safeguard measures for heatstroke prevention and cooling.

(2) High temperature red warning signal Meaning: The maximum temperature will rise above 40℃ within 24 hours.

Defense guidelines: 1. Pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and try to reduce outdoor activities during the day; 2. Relevant departments should pay special attention to fire prevention; 3. It is recommended to stop outdoor open-air work; other high-temperature orange warning signals are the same.

4. Cold wave early warning signals Cold wave early warning signals are divided into three levels, represented by blue, yellow, and orange respectively. For the strong wind standards in the cold wave early warning standards, provincial meteorological authorities can formulate them according to the actual situation with reference to the following standards and submit them to the China Meteorological Administration's Forecasting and Disaster Mitigation Department for approval.

(1) The meaning of the cold wave blue warning signal: the minimum temperature will drop by more than 8℃ within 24 hours, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, the average wind force can reach level 6 or above, or the gust can reach level 7 or above; or has declined.

6. Knowledge on natural disaster protection

1. How to organize personnel protection when strong wind strikes?

Before strong winds come, move to a safe area in time and avoid buildings, high-altitude facilities and other places that are prone to casualties. Do not take shelter from wind and rain in the above places; fix flower pots, etc. in time Construction companies must organize and stack construction equipment, tools, and materials to ensure safety. It is necessary to avoid walking on embankments and bridges near rivers, lakes and seas. Boats should return to the harbor to take shelter from the wind and anchor, people should go ashore to take shelter from the wind, and vehicles should avoid driving in strong winds.

2. How do people organize protection when a heavy rain hits?

In places prone to heavy rains, it is necessary to strengthen self-prevention awareness and move people to safe places. Heavy rain may cause water conservancy projects to fail. Once danger occurs, personnel must be moved to safe areas; once signs of geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides occur, evacuation work must be carried out in a timely manner.

3. How do people organize protection when a storm surge strikes?

Storm surges can easily destroy seawall embankments, culverts, wharves, revetments and other facilities. Before the typhoon comes, those who are in danger of planting outside the pond must move to a safe area in time.

4. How to organize protection before a flood strikes?

It is necessary to issue flood warnings to citizens through various channels and use all means of transportation to evacuate people.

5. How do residents organize protection when floods occur?

When floods rise, the power supply and gas must be cut off. Residents in low-lying areas must move to higher ground, and people in low-rise buildings must move to high-rise buildings. They can also climb trees and use floating objects to escape.

7. Causes and prevention measures of natural disasters

In the Meiyu Jianghuai region in late spring and early summer, the cold and warm air masses in the Jianghuai region are evenly matched. It rains continuously - there is a lot of precipitation; "empty plum" weather appears - Drought and precipitation last for a long time - drain water; "empty plum" weather occurs - water is diverted for irrigation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. After the plum rains in July, under the control of a single subtropical high pressure, the weather is hot and rainless, and the drought relief task is arduous. Organize drought relief, and if there is a possibility of typhoon rain, To alleviate drought and typhoons, timely forecast strong tropical cyclones and violent storms formed on the tropical ocean in summer and autumn on the southeastern coast, make preparations for the passage of typhoons, establish and improve the policy and regulatory system for disaster reduction, create coastal protective forests, and raise public awareness of disasters. Spring drought in North China 3- In May, the temperature rises quickly, evaporation is strong, the summer monsoon has not arrived (or is affected by a single cold air flow), and there is little precipitation. It is also the season for crop sowing and growing, and the water storage capacity is large. The air is dry, the soil is short of water, and the water levels in rivers and lakes have dropped to divert water for irrigation. Summer floods occur late in North and South China from June to August, and the influence lasts for a long time. The intensity of precipitation is high. Floods cause low-lying land drainage, dredging of rivers, and increased estuaries. Late spring cold in the eastern monsoon zone. From March to May, polar continental air masses are strong. In spring, strong winds appear. Low temperatures, rain and snow, mulch covering and other cold waves cover vast areas except the Tibetan Plateau. In the winter half of the year, strong cold air is the most severe in spring and autumn. Strong winds, rain, snow, and freezing damage occur quickly and last for a long time. The area is wide. Strengthen warnings and prepare for cold wind and sand weather. In the spring and autumn of the Three Northern Regions, the most severe northwest monsoon blows in spring. The sand and dust in arid areas spread to the southeast with strong winds. The sand content in the atmosphere is large, the visibility is low, and the impact range is wide. Generally, shelterbelts are built in the same path as the cold wave, and farmland is abandoned. Returning forest to grass, heavy rains and floods, weather systems that form precipitation in summer and autumn in vast areas except for some desert areas in the west last for a long time, such as fronts, cyclones, tropical cyclones, etc. The precipitation is intense but short-lived, forming floods in the southern (and eastern) regions of China. Build dams, renovate rivers, build reservoirs, build flood diversion areas, strengthen land management in floodplain areas, establish a flood forecast and early warning system, formulate emergency evacuation plans and countermeasures for residents, and achieve flood protection and insurance for long-term droughts in North China and Northwest China during winter and spring. No precipitation or abnormally low precipitation, dry air, and water shortage in the soil have become prominent global problems, affecting economic development and social stability. We need to rationally adjust the agricultural structure, improve the agricultural ecological environment, and select excellent crop varieties in drought-prone areas to carry out agriculture. Construction of water conservancy facilities, creation of protective forests, and improvement of farming systems.

8. There are fewer jingles for natural disasters. For handwritten newspapers, there are a total of eleven paragraphs. (One paragraph or two sentences, the faster the better

1. Earthquake: In case of earthquake , first avoid, find a gap under the table and bed, lean against the corner and bend your body, seize the opportunity to escape, stay away from all buildings, squat in the open area. 2. Fire: If there is a fire, if you are afraid of smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel. If your body is on fire, it will roll on the ground. If you don't take the elevator, run down. If you slide off the balcony and tie the rope, blindly jumping off the building will hurt your body. 3. Flood: The flood is fierce. Go to high places. You can't stay on the roof of the mud house. The bed and table are tied to rafts and big trees. Be able to tie a lifeline, prepare food and flashlights, and wear warm clothes to survive dangerous situations. 4. Typhoon: When a typhoon comes, listen to the forecast, strengthen the dams and waterways, repair the gas circuits, make temporary buildings secure, and anchor the ship deep in the port. Reduce travel and watch the signals. 5. Muds and rockslides: Heavy rains and mudslides are dangerous downstream. If you want to escape, don’t follow the bottom of the ditch. Climb up the hill quickly. Don’t choose ditches when camping in the wild. You must check the weather when entering the mountains. 6. Lightning strikes: On cloudy and rainy days, thunder and lightning will occur. , take shelter from the rain, don’t stand under a tree, keep away from iron towers and poles, take precautions against thunder in your home, close the doors and windows and turn off the power supply to prevent lightning and fire from escaping into the house. 7. Blizzard: On a blizzard day, when jogging, don’t stop with your back to the wind. , the body is frozen and unconscious, and must not be roasted by fire. Rub ice and snow to wash away blood circulation, and it will heal slowly when it warms up. 8. Tornado: A tornado, a strong storm, once it hits the cellar, stay indoors away from the doors and windows, and turn off the power and water sources. , lie down in low-lying areas outdoors, and it is unreliable to stay in a car. 9. Epidemic: Don’t be paralyzed about the epidemic, and be careful to prevent infection. Isolate patients immediately when they are found, ventilate and disinfect tableware, seek medical advice if people are infected early, and have fewer public places. Go. 10. Chemical prevention: Chemicals are dangerous. Don’t pick up abandoned items. Prevent fireworks from burning toxic gases. Call the police to indicate the accident. Don’t watch when there is a transportation leak. Stay away from people in the limelight. Human life is more important than mountains. Prevent and avoid disasters. Danger may arise before it happens, master the skills and practice them often. I wish everyone safe and sound. I wish everyone safe and sound.

9. Knowledge on preventing natural disasters

Prevention and response to natural disasters (1) Throughout the ages, no matter how human society develops, disasters and accidents have always occurred, threatening human life. and property security.

Although disasters and accidents cannot be completely eliminated and avoided, a large number of practices at home and abroad have proven that disasters and accidents can be prevented, and effective protective measures can reduce the damage caused by disasters and accidents. Do you know how to effectively rescue yourself in the face of natural disasters? Self-rescue in floods When heavy rains come, if our home is in a low-lying area, we can take "small encirclement" measures according to local conditions, such as building red brick walls, placing sandbags at the gate, and configuring small water pumps.

If our family lives on the ground floor, we should move the electrical sockets, switches, etc. in the home to a safe place more than 1 meter above the ground. Once outdoor water enters the house, the power supply should be cut off immediately to prevent electric shock and injury.

When threatened by floods, if we have enough time, we should move to safe places such as hillsides and highlands in an organized manner according to the predetermined route; if we are caught off guard and are already surrounded by floods, we should try our best to use Boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds and other items suitable for floating can be transferred on the water. If the flood comes too fast and it is too late to move away, we must immediately climb up to roofs, high-rise buildings, big trees, and high walls to take shelter.

But do not swim to escape, let alone climb live telegraph poles, iron towers, or climb to the roof of a mud house. At the same time, we used various channels to seek help from the outside world, contacted the local flood control department as soon as possible, told them our location and danger, and actively sought rescue.

If the floodwaters continue to rise and it is no longer possible to protect ourselves in our temporary refuge, we must make full use of the life-saving equipment around us to escape from the water. Find a relatively strong and long enough rope (you can also use a torn sheet, quilt cover, etc. as a substitute), first tie one end of the rope to a stronger place in the house, and then lead the rope to the nearest fixed object (such as a tree, cement pillar, etc.) etc.), wrap the rope around the fixed object several times and then move to the next fixed object. Repeat this and gradually move to a higher ground.

If you have been caught in a flood, be sure to grab something fixed or floating as much as possible to look for opportunities to escape. Self-rescue in typhoons While typhoons bring plenty of rain, typhoons will always cause various damages. Because they are sudden and destructive, they are one of the most serious natural disasters in the world.

When a typhoon comes, we should stay indoors as much as possible, try not to go out for walks, let alone go to areas where the typhoon passes. We cannot go to the beach to swim or sail a boat during the typhoon, let alone go to the sea. Watching the tide at the beach. If you have to go out, you should bend down and tuck your body into a ball. Be sure to wear light waterproof shoes and brightly colored, tight-fitting clothes. Buckle your clothes or tie them tightly with belts to reduce the area exposed to wind. And wear a raincoat, a rain hat, a tight hat strap, or a helmet.

When walking, you should walk slowly and steadily step by step. You must not run when there is a tailwind, otherwise you will not be able to stop and may even be blown away; try to hold onto corners, fences, and pillars as much as possible or other stable fixtures when walking; when walking on streets with dense buildings, pay special attention to falling or flying objects to avoid being injured; when walking around a corner, stop and observe before walking. If you walk rashly, you may be scratched You may be injured by flying objects; when passing through a narrow bridge or high place, it is best to lie down and crawl, otherwise you will easily be knocked down or fall into the water. When in danger, call the helpline (local police disaster prevention number, 110, 119, etc.) for help in a timely manner.

If we are accidentally blown into the water during a typhoon, the most important thing is to stay calm. When falling into the water, try to grab the floating wood, furniture and other objects around you; take a deep breath before falling into the water, and bite when sinking. Clench your teeth and use natural buoyancy to help us float to the surface; when a big wave approaches, you can bend down and dive into the water, insert your hands into the sand to stabilize your body, and then emerge from the water after the big wave passes; when the wave comes, we must straighten our body, and at the same time Lift your head and thrust your chin forward, making sure your mouth is above the water, and keep your arms stretched forward or flat back to keep your body in a surfboard position. After the wave passes, swim forward while treading water, while observing the movement of the next wave, and then use the momentum of the wave to continuously kick your legs, try to float on the wave, follow the trend of the wave, and rush forward, striving to get closer to the shore.

Self-rescue during earthquakes Earthquakes rarely occur. Once they occur, they will cause house collapse, embankment breaches, ground cracks, etc., which will cause serious losses to our lives and property. In order to protect ourselves when an earthquake occurs, we should master the following emergency self-rescue methods: If an earthquake occurs suddenly, if we are in the house, we should hide between two load-bearing walls in time, such as the kitchen, toilet, etc.

You can also hide under solid furniture such as tables and cabinets and in the corners of the room, and protect your head with bedding, pillows, cotton-padded clothes, washbasins and other items. Never stay near windows or balconies, and don't try to run out of the building because you won't have enough time.

Wait for a break between earthquakes before leaving your house as soon as possible and moving to a safe place. If a house collapses during an earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and do not move. Wait until the earthquake stops before moving outside or waiting for rescue.

When an earthquake occurs, if we are in a public place, we cannot panic and run around. Calm down, observe the surrounding environment, and immediately hide in a safe place that is closest to you, such as under a desk or under a stage. You must not stay in dangerous places such as under tall buildings, under billboards, in narrow alleys, or on bridges. You cannot run into a building to escape danger.

If we are unfortunately buried in rubble after an earthquake, we should first find a way to remove objects above the abdomen; at the same time, cover our mouth and nose with towels, clothes, etc. to prevent suffocation from smoke and dust; try to find Food and water, create living conditions, when you hear sounds from the outside world, make full use of various tools around you to ask for help from the outside world, such as hitting each other with hard objects such as metals and stones, or shouting for help, but be careful to conserve your physical strength to avoid Exhausted prematurely. In the unfortunate event of being injured, wounds that bleed a small amount generally do not need to be treated.

If the wound bleeds a lot, it can be bandaged with clean gauze, bandages or handkerchiefs to stop the bleeding. Precautions during lightning weather: Stay indoors and close doors and windows; when you cannot hide in a building with lightning protection facilities in the wild, take off metal objects such as watches, glasses, etc. Never.