Has anyone been to Chongqing Chengkou? How does it feel?

The people in Chengkou are simple and kind-hearted. Although Chengkou is not developing very fast now, it is gradually developing with the care of the Chongqing Municipal Government. Today’s Chengkou can no longer be described as poor. . There is no oil there, but it is rich in minerals. The paint at the entrance of the city is very famous. If you go to Ciqikou, you can see an exhibition of Chengkou lacquerware there. Now Chengkou is developing tourist attractions, hoping that tourism will also stimulate the development of Chengkou's economy. Chengkou Roasted Bacon is a famous snack in Chengkou City. There are many places with beautiful scenery at the entrance of the city. I believe that the development prospects of Chengkou will be very good

Historical background: Chengkou---this ecological pearl embedded in northern Chongqing, has a glorious history and turbulent years. On this land filled with blood, immortal battle poems and glorious revolutionary footprints were left behind. History has cast the city entrance into the red territory of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area.

In the late 1920s, the eastern Sichuan guerrilla army established the country's earliest guerrilla base areas in Chengkou, Wanyuan and other places. In December 1932, the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army entered Sichuan and established the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base. In October 1933, the Red Army entered Chengkou, opened up the Chengkou Soviet Area, and established the Chengkou County Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Chengkou County Soviet Government, making Chengkou an important part of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base.

The East Sichuan Guerrilla Army at the entrance of the city

In the long-term struggle, the East Sichuan Underground Party and the East Sichuan Guerrilla Army under its leadership attacked the enemy, publicized the masses, and developed The revolutionary forces cooperated with the Red Army's entry into Sichuan and played an important role in the establishment of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area. On April 27, 1929, more than 1,000 peasant self-defense forces led by Li Jiajun and others held an uprising swearing-in meeting at Wanyuangujunba to deploy uprising actions. On May 12, the uprising troops annihilated an enemy company in Baiyang Temple and won the first battle. After that, the enemy's three "encirclement and suppression" campaigns were smashed. The insurrectionary troops quickly grew to three detachments with more than 2,000 people. They established 1 county peasant association, 4 district peasant association, and more than 20 farm branches in Chengkou and Wanyuan. It is a guerrilla base area with an area of ??1,500 square kilometers and a population of more than 60,000.

The Gujunba Uprising in eastern Sichuan was conceived at the entrance of the city

After the Revolution of 1911, the entrance to the city was on the edge of the struggle for power between the north and the south. Warlords were fighting, bandits were rampant, and the gentry The epidemic is raging, and people's lives are in ruins and miserable. The working people who are struggling on the verge of death are desperate. For their own survival, the voice of resistance is rising day by day, and the fire of revolution will burn at the touch of it.

After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, Communist Party members in eastern Sichuan who were engaged in revolutionary activities in Shanghai, Wuhan and other places returned to their hometowns to carry out revolutionary activities. Li Jiajun heard that the spirit of the "August 7th" meeting of the Communist Party of China was conveyed and decided to hold an armed uprising in eastern Sichuan. Immediately afterwards, they widely publicized the revolution in Chengkou, Wanyuan, Xuanhan and other places, mobilized the masses, established peasant associations, organized peasant armed forces, and openly carried out struggles against excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and against warlords and league bosses.

If you want to revolt, you must have a strong revolutionary team. In order to develop revolutionary forces, they adopted various forms of propaganda to mobilize the masses. In the sparsely populated mountainous areas, Li Jiajun and others pretended to be "spring shepherds" and went from village to house selling "Spring Cow Pictures". The "Spring Cow Picture" had slogans such as "Resist Donations and Resist Taxes" written on it. In just one month, every poor person in the deep mountains and old forests at the junction of Wanyuan, Xuanhan and Chengkou counties received a "Spring Cow Picture". The impoverished farmers living in dire straits at the entrance of the city are eagerly waiting for it. Everyone has taken the initiative to become a propagandist, using his own word-of-mouth to spread the news from ten to ten, making the mountainous area that has been silent throughout history agitated. Everyone is looking forward to the day when someone will take the lead and follow him to fight against the local tyrants, warlords, and Liu Wenniu (that is, Liu Cunhou). As early as 1924, Liu Cunhou was appointed by the Beiyang warlords as the "Sichuan-Shaanxi Border Defense Supervisor", ruling Daxian, Xuanhan, and Wanxi. The four counties of Yuan and Chengkou hoisted five-color flags, adhering to the will of Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, and were autonomous. There were many excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and the raids were very cruel, and the people were miserable.) The uprising leading group issued a proclamation to the poor peasants condemning the reactionary warlord Liu Cunhou: "Xuanda Chengwan and four counties unite to resist together, and the country will enjoy peace."

Liu Ni had a good reputation, but Tian's heart was not in his favor. He was in office for five years and Tian Qian for five years. There was only two harvests a year, and the landlords refused to give up a penny in rent. The military pay and taxes are exploiting the people. The first one is not cleared, and the second one comes again. If there is no money to give, they will be bundled and sent to the county. It is really difficult to survive after taking away the blanket and the rice can. There is only one way to go and fight with them with hoes, shovels, sickles, and axes. "

Initiated by the uprising leading group, farmers from Zhouxi, Yuping, Shuanghe, Miaoba, Zhonghe, Liaozi, Mingtong and other places at the entrance of the city joined the uprising army one after another. The number of personnel increased day by day, and the uprising team continued to grow. At the same time, Li Jiajun, Tang Bozhuang and others strengthened military training for the uprising personnel and prepared various military supplies. Wang Weizhou also provided a large number of cadres and support to the Gujunba uprising army. Guns and ammunition. While preparing for the Gujunba Uprising, good news of the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base came one after another. Li Jiajun, Wang Weizhou, Tang Bozhuang and others were more confident. They carefully analyzed the situation: First, they believed that in Xuan, Da, Cheng, and Wan has done mass work for many years, which is conducive to mobilizing the masses; secondly, there are a group of people who are well versed in military strategy, and it is not a problem to lead the uprising to victory; thirdly, this is the defense area of ??the frustrated warlord Liu Cunhou, and the ruling power is relatively weak; fourthly, the city (oral) ), Xuan (Han) and Wan (Yuan) counties have large mountains, steep slopes, dangerous terrain, deep valleys, lush forests, and crisscrossing streams. After repeated discussions, Li Jiajun, Wang Weizhou and others have felt that the geographical conditions are no less than those of Jinggang Mountain. The area where he was active was covered with dry firewood, and if it caught fire, it would become a prairie fire. Immediately, Li Jiajun led the rebel army to fire the first shot of the uprising at Wanyuan Baiyang Temple, wiping out more than 70 enemies and receiving 50 guns. After the first shot of the Gujunba Uprising was fired, the Sichuan-Shaanxi Border Army Liu Zhichao Regiment lost its troops. Terrified, Liu Cunhou called Liu Cunhou urgently to request reinforcements. Liu Cunhou mobilized Liao Yuchen's regiment and adopted the reactionary strategy of "using heavy punishments and suppression while suppressing pacification" to suppress the revolting people. In June 1929, Li Jiajun and others decided to encircle and suppress the insurgents. It was reorganized into the Chengwan Red Army and established a headquarters with three detachments, headed by Wu Huizhi, Xu Yongshi, and Hu Hongjiang. They developed into Chengkou, Wanyuan, and Xuanhan respectively, and established "Buddha Halls" and drills. The "magic soldier" overthrew the enemy and puppet regime, established peasant associations, attacked local tyrants, divided land and other revolutionary activities. Li Jiajun also sent Zhou Desheng as the special commissioner at the entrance of the city to mobilize the masses and establish peasant associations in Shuanghe, Yuping, and other places. Zhou Xi established a branch. The guerrillas continued to grow and their combat effectiveness increased day by day, completely crushing Liu Cunhou's three encirclement and suppression campaigns. At the end of the Longtan River battle that smashed Liu Cunhou's second encirclement and suppression campaign, the party representatives Wen Qiang and Wang Guoliang sent by the provincial party committee came to an end in 1929. In the winter of that year, they passed through the entrance of Laicheng in Kaixian County and arrived at the Longtan River at the junction of Chengwan and Chengwan. According to the order of the Provincial Military Commission, they formally reorganized the Chengwan Red Army into the "Sichuan Workers' and Peasants' Red Army First Guerrilla Group" and established it organizationally according to the decision of the Provincial Party Committee. The four county action committees of Xuan, Da, Cheng and Wan were established to exercise the leadership functions of the party, and Li Zhesheng was appointed as the party representative. In terms of military affairs, a military headquarters was established, with Li Jiajun as the commander-in-chief, Xu Yongshi as the chief of staff, and Wang Guoliang as the director of the Political Security Division. It consisted of three detachments (the first detachment led by Wu Huizhi developed towards the city entrance), and the next detachment Set up units and squads. In addition to the well-trained "special agents", there are also "magic soldiers" vanguard and "technical teams" armed with swords and spears. The three detachments totaled more than 2,000 people and more than 800 guns. In March 1930, Li Jiajun led more than 3,000 soldiers and civilians of the Chengwan Red Army guerrillas to attack Chengkou County, destroyed all donation cards, seized the firearms of Liu Yaoqing's entire regiment, and shot the county governor to death. After Li Jiajun entered the city, he issued a notice announcing property policies such as confiscating land and burning deeds. The local tyrants and evil gentry in each township would be dealt with by the peasant associations of each township. Those who commit serious crimes shall be punished with death. Dozens of tycoons have been executed. At that time, many newspapers in Sichuan reported on this battle, and its impact shocked the whole Sichuan. When Chengkou County was captured, a military and civilian celebration meeting was held, and a ceremony for several peasant comrades to join the party was held at the meeting.

The guerrilla army in eastern Sichuan reached a low ebb

Just as the insurgent army was winning successive victories and the revolutionary base areas were developing and expanding rapidly, the situation reversed and the uprising failed miserably. In April 1930, Liu Cunhou mobilized the troops of 5 regiments, gathered more than 10,000 people from militia groups in 4 counties, and launched an all-out attack and "conference suppression" on the base area. When the enemy's troops pressed into the territory, Li Jiajun tried to make a comeback in order to preserve his strength. The county farmers' association and military headquarters were successively moved to Fengtongyan, Caochangba, Huilongba and other places on the mountains on the border between Cheng, Xuan and Wan, and organized farmers' association cadres and armed personnel to continue to persist in Guoliangshan and other places at the entrance of the city. struggle. The guerrillas came and went from time to time, from east to west. Although they won victory through floating guerrilla warfare, the enemy was pressing harder and harder, and the situation in the base area became increasingly severe. In July 1930, the guerrilla army was encircled and suppressed by the enemy and failed. Afterwards, there was white terror everywhere in Cheng, Wan, Xuan, Da and other places. Peasants' associations in various townships at the entrance of the city were generally destroyed. Bai Xiren, chairman of the Shuanghe Peasants' Association, was brutally murdered and his head was hung at the city gate. More than 1,000 members of the Peasants' Association were massacred. The peasant revolutionary movement led by Li Jiajun fell into a low ebb.