How to Make Printed Draft of Graphic Design Works

Printing is an industry characterized by reproduction. Whether traditional printing or modern printing, we need a replicable matrix, which is called printing plate in the printing industry to record the information subject and other processing information that we need to copy. How to make printing plates that meet the characteristics of different printing methods is a basic skill that printers must master.

According to the conventional classification method of printing methods, printing plate-making can also be divided into lithographic plate-making, relief plate-making, gravure plate-making, hole plate-making and so on. Modern plate-making technology is based on computer simulation, and plate-making technology depends on the in-depth application of imaging principle and technology.

The traditional plate-making process is inefficient, and the modern plate-making process is supported by computers, which greatly improves the efficiency. The quality of printed matter depends on the design link, and the plate-making factor is also very important.

1. 1 the history and present situation of plate making

Printing plate-making has a long history and has always occupied a more important position in printing production. The five elements of printing-printing machinery, printing plate, ink, paper and manuscript-are more important. With the development of computer technology, the traditional plate-making technology has been updated and developed, and many plate-making methods have undergone tremendous changes or been eliminated, but the remaining advantages have been imitated and absorbed by computer plate-making

Plate-making methods are divided into manual engraving and optical imaging, photochemical plate-making, mechanical plate-making, electronic plate-making, woodcut watermarking, movable type printing, engraving and digital plate-making.

/kloc-In the mid-9th century, with the appearance of wet lithography with cotton glue and glass screen, a pattern of image reproduction technology was gradually formed, which was composed of four main processes: photography, modification and printing. 1920s China introduced and applied lithographic plate-making technology, and1970s introduced electronic rubbing. After several generations' efforts, the electronic color separation plate-making technology with China characteristics and perfect system was gradually established. It can be said that the image plate-making process has experienced three stages of development after the founding of the People's Republic of China: first, the gelatin wet plate process was created; Second, electronic engraving intaglio.

The development of computer technology ensures the direct application of plate making technology, and the convenient conditions and low price greatly shorten the cycle of traditional plate making.

1.2 plate making process

General flow of traditional printing design:

(1) Design data preparation: illustration drawing, photo preparation and text preparation.

(2) Design sketch: layout style, title text, mixed graphics and texts.

(3) Design draft production: manual typesetting, photo planting, black-and-white drawing of title calligraphy, black-and-white drawing of graphics and collage by artists.

(4) Film production: text film, picture color separation film, manual imposition, film completion and delivery for printing.

Figure 1 traditional prepress design

The emergence and development of DTP technology. Desktop prepress design system mainly consists of three parts: image input system, graphic design and typesetting system and output system. It abandoned the traditional typesetting process and adopted a new electronic publishing process. This change is called "light and electricity", not "lead and fire". The development of DTP technology has greatly improved the technological level and production efficiency of printed matter (especially color printed matter) design. It promotes the dissemination of information and the development of production. Nowadays, DTP has been widely used in the printing and publishing industry, especially in the advertising industry with rapid technological updates. Print advertising is the main form of print advertising, such as newspaper and magazine advertisements, poster advertisements, mail advertisements, point-of-sale advertisements, advertising brochures and so on. Its design and production can not be separated from the computer prepress design DTP technology.

With the introduction of computer control, the preliminary work of modern plate-making technology is more and more similar. People hope to get a unified information processing method, which can output multiple times at a time, and only need to change some simple control parameters according to different output methods.

Fig. 2 Modern plate making process

Advantages of modern plate-making technology:

(1) high efficiency

In the past, it usually took several places to make a print advertisement, such as font shops, plate-making companies, printing houses and so on. From the design sketch to the drafting of the manuscript, it takes a lot of manpower, and the revision of the manuscript is equivalent to repeated work, which is time-consuming and laborious in short. With cg animation production technology, all the design work can be done by one person on the same computer, and the effect can be predicted on the display screen at any time, and the samples can be proofread by the printer, so that the efficiency is greatly improved and the quality is easy to master.

(2) Fault tolerance

In the past, designing a print advertisement sample, in case of drawing mistakes, it was necessary to start all over again, which was time-consuming and laborious to modify. Most design software provided by computer graphics production technology has a strong "rollback function", even if it is inadvertently drawn incorrectly, it can be restored to the state of several steps of rollback, or restored to the original state when saving. There is no need to start with a blank sheet of paper, because it has strong fault tolerance. Some graphic and image properties, such as color and contrast, can be modified and adjusted at any time.

(3) accuracy

Using computer to draw graphics, process images and input characters can achieve the accuracy that traditional methods can't. Using digital input to control the size, proportion, color and quantity of graphics is absolutely accurate.

(4) Powerful storage function

Using cg animation's production technology to design advertisements, the biggest advantage is that you can completely keep what you have designed and drawn before, and you can easily call or even copy it when you need to use it again next time.

1.3 Print the original.

The printed manuscript determines the quality of printed products. In the process of plate making, careful selection and handling of printed manuscripts is a factor that must be considered. The manuscript is very important and plays a vital role in the process of plate making.

The original refers to the basis of retaining the copy information when copying, and color image copying is the basis, which determines the basic outline of the copy image quality. Therefore, before scanning color separation, we should comprehensively analyze the type, content, color, level, definition and grain of the original according to the characteristics of the image reproduction purpose, highlight the characteristics of the original, suppress its shortcomings, and determine the process parameters that meet the reproduction purpose, original content and artistic reproducibility.

Plate-making manuscripts are images, graphics and words provided by users. Judging from the comprehensive composition of the manuscript, there are six kinds: color reversal film, color transparent positive film, photo, drawing, printed matter and physical object. From the content of the manuscript, it can be divided into scenery, people, still life, Chinese painting, oil painting, watercolor painting, etc. ,

In color image reproduction, each manuscript has its own artistic characteristics. Only by paying enough attention to color separation and plate making can we lose the artistic point and style of the image, such as the emphasis, massiness, lightness and clarity of Chinese painting; The simplicity, steadiness and composure of ancient painting; Oil painting is rich in color, strong in contrast and distinctive in brushwork; Watercolor painting is bright, bright, light and moist; The character draft has delicate skin color and rich layers; Still life, machinery, subtle texture of fabrics, delicate texture, sense of body space, etc. In addition, when multiple manuscripts form a system, such as picture books and samples, we should also pay attention to the characteristics of the times, mutual coordination and overall effect of each manuscript. Therefore, only by fully understanding the artistic characteristics of the manuscript and the artistic effect pursued by the author, can we design the color separation control parameters faithful to the manuscript, eliminate the errors in photographic processing, and highlight the artistic characteristics and style of the works. Therefore,

Simply put, the better sense of image layering is that the difference between light and shade and the difference between colors are obvious, which can better show the details of different brightness and colors. The layering of an image develops from two aspects, one is from the brightness level, that is, from the neutral gray component. It reflects the light and dark details of an image, constitutes the structural skeleton of the image, and is the basis of hierarchy. On the basis of this light and dark structure, colors are added to form various colors with different saturation. As shown in Figure 5-8, it shows the composition principle of a certain color formed by RGB additive color, in which the male part constitutes its gray brightness component, the other part determines the hue of the color, and the ratio of the gray component to the color component determines the saturation of the color, that is, the brightness degree.

In order to get a good sense of hierarchy, one requirement is that the image should have a wide range of light and dark tones at the black and white level and the largest color opening at the color level, and the other requirement is that the image levels should be reasonably distributed to show the most important details in the image to the maximum extent.

In addition, the level correction mentioned here is aimed at gray levels. As for the color level, it will be mentioned in color correction. In the following content, we will talk about various types of horizontal correction problems.

Grading correction related to printability

Hierarchical correction is very important for any image, and it is very basic for the printed image after output. Two basic correction operations are described below.

1. Sets the highlight and shadow points (i.e. white area and black area) of the image. White field and black field are the brightest and darkest tone values on the image. The output type of the image determines how to set these points. For non-printing electronic publishing, the hierarchical range of images should include the whole tone range from black to white, that is, the brightest point should be set to 0 (or O%) and the black field should be set to 20%.

However, this is not the case for printing and printout. When scanning the gray scale of the original image in the full color range (O% to 100%), it is usually necessary to compress the gray scale in the image to less than the full color range before output. The reason is due to an important feature of printability: 3% ~ 5% of the highlighted area is printed at the highlight of the printed image. In other words, 3% ~ 5% gray scale becomes O% "pure" white, which is the color of paper. In this way, the details of the high brightness area of the image will be lost. On the contrary, more than 90% of the darkened areas will be printed as 100% black, so the darkened details will be lost. In order to compensate the influence of this printability on the level of the reproduced image, it is necessary to print it. 0% white is compressed into 5% gray white, and 100% black is compressed into 90% dark gray.

To set the black-and-white field of the printed image, one method is to set the front end in the scanning software, and the other method is to set the back end in the back end image processing software, such as Photoshop. Here, the processing in Photoshop is taken as an example to illustrate the processing process. In fact, the processing of front-end and back-end software is similar.

The first step of calibration is to determine the printing pole, in which the highlight pole can be divided into two types. One is a point without information, pure white paper, called specular highlight. The other is the highlight with details and information, which is called scattering highlight. Both highlights are important. Determining the poles of printed highlights is actually to find suitable scattered highlights and check the color values of important scattered highlights with screen densitometer information. See if it is within the printable range. If it is within the printable range, there is no need to adjust it, otherwise it will be compressed to the highest printable color value with the polar adjustment tool, so that it can be printed. Similarly, for dark tone points, select the most suitable area where the dark tone level needs to be displayed, and check its value. If it exceeds the value of the deepest color that can represent the dark tone level, use the pole adjustment tool to compress it to the bright place, so that the details and levels can be shown.

The best way to set poles for printing is to use highlight and dark eyedroppers. There are eyedropper tools in Photoshop's curve and color scale tools, and their functions are specially used to set the poles mentioned above and linearly map the hue between poles according to the range between poles. The setting of the color value of the pole depends on the specific printing conditions, and the color values of C, M, Y and K are generally used. In most cases, when printing on white paper, the most commonly used CMYK highlight pole values are 5, 3, 3 and 0. The RGB equivalent values are 244, 244 and 244. The gray equivalent value is 4%. The commonly used CMYK values are 65, 53, 5 1 and 95, and the RGB equivalent value is 65438.

2. Compensation and correction of dot gain. The concept and essence of (1) dot gain. Dot enlargement is an important printability. It means that when ink is printed on paper, the size and shape of halftone dots may change, which is caused by the ink absorption of paper and the speed of printing machine. As a result, the whole image turns black, which is microscopic because the dot is enlarged. The degree of dot gain is called "dot gain".

The definition of dot gain ratio = (increased dot size-original dot size)% is more scientific and rigorous, while the concept of "dot gain" is directly defined by the absolute gain of 50% dot gain. This method, which directly reflects the dot gain, is simple and intuitive, with good technology. Therefore, the concept of "dot gain" is used in the customization interface of color separation parameters such as Photoshop. Because the above two concepts are often confused in practical work, it is necessary to obtain a unified concept with the output center of the printing house in the process of design and output.

Now we use the concept of "dot gain rate", as shown in Table 5- 1, which shows the gain value based on the original dot value under different expansion rates. It can be seen that with the increase of dot expansion rate, the original dot value increases more seriously. In addition, it can be seen that for different sizes of dots with the same dot increase rate, the increased dot size (or the absolute value of dot increase) basically shows a linear growth relationship. In the general offset printing and inkjet output process, the dot gain rate is usually between 15% and 35%.

Table 5- 1 Growth rate distribution of different size points

Point value

5 %

10 %

20 %

Thirty percent

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

90 %

95 %

growth rate

l %

3 %

8 %

16 %

27 %

35 %

26 %

18 %

9 %

4 %

l %

Let's go back to the concept of "DotGain" commonly used in Photoshop and other software. Table 5-2 shows the dot gain between different printing methods and the original dot size required to obtain 50% dot. It can be seen that if the dot size is expected to be 10 when printing, the intermediate dot size of 4 1% will generate about 50% of the dots. For dot gain of 15, it takes 36% dot to get halftone when printing. These values will be different for different printing environments.

(2) The principle of prepress compensation and gamma correction for dot gain. The direct effect of dot gain is to make the printed and printed images darker in level and color, especially halftone, so the compensation of dot gain becomes very important. In prepress processing, the compensation and correction of dot gain are mainly carried out in two ways.

Table 5-2 Intermediate Dot Enlargement and 50% Dot under Different Printing Methods

F increase) the required original point size.

Printing method

Network expansion

Original point size

web press

15 ~ 25

36 %~ 30 %

Sheet-fed printer

10 ~ 15

4l %~ 36 %

Sheet-fed printer

18 — 25

35 %~ 30 %

Newsprint printing

30 — 40

28%-25%

① Using curve tools in Photoshop to directly correct and change the data in the image is the fastest and simplest method. Similarly, similar tools in front-end scanning software can be used to set scanning acquisition mapping curves to obtain compensated data. The compensation method is shown in Figure 5-9. For example, if the dot increase is 10, the control point is set to 50% on the tone curve. Adjust the point to 40% tone. Then the scanned image will look brighter than the original image in the middle tone, but when printing (or printing), 40% of the dots will be darkened to 50%, just like the original image ... The image scanned and trimmed in this way should be reflected in the file name, for example, the status p/ 10. Tif format for output and convenience.

② Another compensation method is to save the output transfer curve in EPS format and modify it by RIP when outputting. Select file/page settings in Photoshop, and then select the transfer function button. There is a curve mapping tool similar to the curve as shown in Figure 5- 10, which can fill the dot percentage required for correction in the modification box of each tone value according to different tones. Then select the EPS storage format, and click the "Include Transfer Function" button. It is stored in EPS format. In this correction, the image information will not change, but the transfer function is embedded in the file, so that RIP software can compensate the dot gain in the same way as above.

1.4 prepress treatment

1.4. 1 image

Image information refers to the process of collecting image information through certain technical means, and carrying out certain analysis and transformation to obtain the required residence. There are two main types of image information processing methods: (1) optical image information processing, that is, using optical methods to perform some special optical transformations on analog images, which is the most typical analog image information processing, but this book will not discuss it. (2) Digital image processing, that is, image transformation and analysis by computer. The digital image information here is divided into two forms: analog electrical signal and pure digital signal. With the development of science and technology, digital information mode has become the mainstream.

Usually, the computer processing of image information mainly has the following three purposes: the first is to improve the image quality (referred to as image quality improvement), that is, to transform the gray level of the image, enhance useful information, suppress useless information, and output it in an appropriate way, so as to improve the visual quality of the image and facilitate human observation, understanding and further processing, which is the research focus of this book. The second is pattern recognition, which is extracted by some special means. Describe and analyze some features or special information contained in the image, such as frequency spectrum, gray level, boundary, color, texture, shape, topology and relationship structure, so as to realize automatic recognition of the image. The third is image reconstruction, that is, the technology of reconstructing the N-dimensional image from the projection information of the N-dimensional image or the microwave total self-information (N- 1 dimensional information) through a certain algorithm.

The image is composed of adjacent color pixels, and its effect is the same as that of the pattern composed of small squares, with fixed position and different colors. The biggest advantage of image media is that it is very suitable for displaying various natural simulation information such as landscapes and people with continuous tone changes, and can perfectly reproduce from various aspects such as color and level.

The image processing, from the enlargement of geometric size and the rotation of position to the various transformations of image information, can be said to be varied, and the resulting effects can be said to be colorful and endless, which has brought great shock and innovation to our vision. However, the following two kinds of processing are the most obvious: one is to enlarge and rotate an image. After this processing, the edge of the image will become. This is mainly because the image is composed of a fixed number of pixels. Enlarging the image only enlarges the size of the pixel, and the pixel particles become obvious. Another kind of processing is the two most iconic operations in image software: "Select" operation and "Layer" operation. Because the pixels that make up the image are an array with strict position and order, as long as the image is simulated, the arrangement of this array cannot be disturbed. However, in image processing, it may be necessary to select the pixel array area that reflects a certain image in the image for processing and creative processing, such as taking out the image of a child in one image and the image of a duck in another image and merging them into another background image. At this time, these "image objects" composed of pixels need to be selected by "select" operation respectively. They are arranged on different "layers", and these "image objects" are recombined by different "layers", and the pixel arrangement order inside each "image object" is not disturbed.

1.4.2 graphic drawing

Drawing vector graphics in a computer can get a beautiful output effect. The purpose of advertising illustration is to obey the needs of commodity economy and society, and it has a clear purpose of promoting commodity sales, which is the fundamental difference between painting advertising illustration and book illustration.

In the field of advertising design, with the progress of science and technology and the development of photography technology, colorful photos have gradually replaced illustrations and occupied the dominant position of visual expression, but hand-drawn illustrations still occupy a certain position and show unique charm.

A large number of excellent advertising illustrators have made great progress in artistry and expressiveness through creative artistic labor. Famous advertising illustrators come forth in large numbers with various styles, presenting a brand-new artistic style, becoming a new fashion that attracts people's attention and is willing to accept, so it is invincible.

Various art forms have their own advantages and disadvantages. Color photography gives people unparalleled credibility in truly reflecting objects. However, in terms of the arbitrariness of creating artistic images and the choice and emphasis of art, painting techniques have great freedom.

There are basically two forms of explanation:

1. Painting: Use the art form of painting to visually shape the advertising content. This is a visual language with intuitive image, free expression of personality and great creative space, which is conducive to creating an ideal atmosphere and expressing different artistic conception and aesthetic taste.

2. Comics: a popular art form, with exaggeration and sense of humor, which is humorous and unforgettable.

Successful advertising illustration should be concise and clear from the beginning, and the picture composition should be concise and focused, aiming at the goal. Secondly, there should generally be only a single theme, which is not suitable for more content expression or multi-objective appeal. In this way, when the audience inadvertently browses the advertisement screen, they can grasp the key points of the screen at a glance and understand the theme of the advertisement. The characters and scenes designed in advertising illustrations must be aimed at the psychological characteristics and aesthetic consciousness of the target consumers, and should be aimed at the target consumers.

Vector graphics Vector graphics are not composed of pixels like raster images, but of independent graphic objects, which are composed of geometric elements such as marking points, lines, surfaces and volumes, and filling colors and patterns.

1.4.3 text

Role design refers to the overall careful arrangement of roles according to the rules of visual design. Character design is the product of human production and practice, and gradually matures with the development of human civilization. To design a character, we must have a general understanding of its history and evolution.

Although the history of countries in the world is long and short, and the forms of characters are different, after a long history, the development of world characters has gradually formed two major plate structures representing the writing system of today's world: the Chinese character system representing China culture and the Latin alphabet writing system symbolizing Western civilization. Both Chinese characters and Latin alphabet writing originated from graphic symbols, and after thousands of years of evolution and development, they finally formed their own unique writing systems.

Chinese characters still retain the feeling of pictographs and pictures, and the appearance of glyphs is regular and square, but they present infinite meanings in the changes of strokes. Independent Chinese characters have their own meanings, which are completely different from Latin letters, so the combination of form and meaning is more important in the design of Chinese characters.

Latin letters are composed of 26 simple letters, which have no meaning. They must be combined into words to express their meaning. Letters have different shapes and varieties, which have a good advantage in the overall design of fonts.

The history of character development is also the history of character design. After the figure structure was finalized, the figure design began to innovate the figure form on the basis of the basic font, and adopted various visual expression techniques to reflect the cultural and economic characteristics of different periods. The invention of printing technology and the European Renaissance greatly promoted the improvement of the technology and concept of character design, and people began to pay attention to the combination of artistic effect and science and technology. The number ratio rule that conforms to human visual laws and the design font that emphasizes color, shape, tone and texture have appeared. During the industrial revolution, character design played an unprecedented role in commodity sales, culture and education, and scientific and technological communication. The development of printing technology has accelerated the diversification of font design, and the bold font invented by the British has made new explorations in font shape, proportion, sense of quantity and decoration. A large number of popular fonts that conform to the characteristics of the times have been produced.

1.4.4 typesetting and its software

Typesetting design is also called layout design. The so-called layout, that is, in a limited layout space, according to the needs of specific content, combines and arranges the elements of the layout-words, fonts, pictures, wireframes and color blocks, and uses modeling elements and formal principles to express ideas and plans in visual form. That is, seeking artistic means to correctly express layout information is an intuitive creative activity. Typesetting design is the most representative branch of graphic design, which not only plays a role in two-dimensional space, but also can feel its effect in three-dimensional and four-dimensional space, such as the combination of various identification signs in packaging design, as well as slogans and neon lights hanging in urban business districts.

Typesetting design is an important part of graphic design, and it is also a big stage for all visual communication arts. Typesetting design rises with the rapid development of modern science and technology and economy, which embodies cultural traditions, aesthetic concepts and the spirit of the times. Widely used in newspaper advertisements, posters, books and periodicals, packaging and decoration, direct mail advertisements, corporate image and web pages. All graphics and image fields are created for people.

With the development of high technology in the world and the arrival of the information society, the development and renewal of various media came into being. The diversification of electronic media communication has become the most attractive part of the layout. As a modern design art, typesetting design has become the common language of visual communication in the world. This design, which uses simple and clear fonts, graphics and symbols to break the language barrier between countries, speeds up the transmission of information, with a view to mutual harmony, mutual communication and mutual promotion.

Illustrator and Freehand are commonly used vector drawing software for Apple Macintosh series microcomputers. PC series and compatible microcomputers. The vector drawing software commonly used in Apple Macintosh series microcomputers is Coreldraw 9.0 Chinese version. Corel company, with strong compatibility, supports almost all graphics and image formats and fully supports computer color separation plate making. It is a popular drawing imposition software at present. Common basic tools of vector drawing software include pens (straight lines and curves) and geometric figures (such as circular tools, rectangular tools and polygonal tools), etc. Through auxiliary lines, accurate digital input and auxiliary drawing methods such as combination, joint, cutting and intersection between shapes, arbitrary complex vector figures can be accurately drawn. Control the color of graphics by selection or digital input, and print the color number (CMYK); Use the library that comes with the software or the self-designed graphics to fill the pattern and texture; Input and deformation of characters and production of special effects artistic characters.

Typesetting software combines words, graphics and images, which can accurately arrange designs. Typesetting software has a very powerful operating function, from accurate positioning processing to very professional design processing such as bleeding and trapping, which can be said to be ubiquitous, just like the electronic version of the traditional prepress plate-making process system. Among many typesetting software, PageMaker is an excellent professional classic software, which is reflected in this book. In addition, the input and output control function of typesetting software can be said to be the most comprehensive among all kinds of graphic design software, because its results are directly output-oriented. The results of the other two softwares can only be used as elements of typesetting software, and cannot be directly used for output printing.

1.5 translation output and proofreading verification

1.5. 1 Layout Description Language

The file formats generated by prepress design software are various and need a unified standard. Page description combines images, graphics and text into a layout to form layout description data. A single photo can be described by image data, but if there are multiple photos and these photos want to maintain a certain positional relationship, there must be some data to explain this relationship. If you add graphics and words, the relationship between them will be more complicated. There are many formats of data describing relationships, including classic languages, such as P0stScript, which are easy to read but not easy to process. There are also modern node pointer methods, such as HrrML language, which are not convenient for manual reading, but are beneficial to computer processing.

Language description is a one-dimensional stream structure, which is very slow to read and explain and cannot be edited by leaps and bounds. However, node-pointer is a multidimensional structure, which can quickly retrieve the position along the pointer, or change the stacking order of elements by exchanging the order of nodes. The data in node pointer mode is stored as binary integer or floating point number, which takes up little space and is used for reading. However, language patterns need format translation. The speed is much slower. Node pointer mode is widely used not only in layout description, but also in images, especially graphic data. The complexity of layout description data depends not only on the complexity of layout, but also on the complexity of software.

1.5.2 color management

There was no such thing as color management in early computer systems. Until the 1990s, Apple introduced ColorSync 1.0 color management, but it was limited to the color control between Apple devices. With the establishment of 1993 international color alliance, ICC, an open color management rule, was formulated. Computer I/O devices with different color brands can communicate with each other to produce ideal and consistent colors. Later, Apple computer system, Microsoft Windows system and Shengyang computer system successively supported ICC regulations, so that a digital color file can not only output the color of a speech on different devices, but also obtain the same effect on different computer systems. ICC rules make color management compatible with different devices and computer systems, which eliminates the difficulty of publishing color control in the foreground.

Postscript color management mode

Most color management software tools correct the image color before output, but the color management method of Postscript is only carried out when output, converting RGB color into ideal CMYK color. The second generation Postscript also supports ICC color management. In addition, most color management systems generally use CIELAB as the reference color gamut. But Postscript uses CIEXYZ as the reference color gamut. (CIEXYZ and CIELAB are basically the same, and they also represent the color range of human eyes. It is a standard issued by CIE in 193 1 year and 1976 respectively. ) Postscript color management adopts color space array (CSA) and color rendering dictionary (CRD), which are relatively equal to source profile and output profile respectively. Some color management systems use other names to represent source and output profiles, so readers should be careful.

Postscript has three color management output modes:

Mode (1)