Shijiazhuang City Landscaping Maintenance and Management Standards?

What are the landscaping maintenance and management standards in Shijiazhuang City? The following Zhongda Consulting and Bidding Teachers will answer your questions for your reference.

1 General Principles 1.1 In order to strengthen Shijiazhuang City’s landscaping maintenance management and improve the quality of garden green space maintenance, according to the "Implementation Opinions on the Standards and Assessment Methods for Management and Maintenance of Street Greening, Parks and Squares in Shijiazhuang City" (Shiyuan [2002 ]52), this standard is specially formulated. 1.2 This standard specifies the maintenance and management standards and technical measures for trees, shrubs, hedges and color blocks, open-field flowers, lawns and ground cover plants, climbing plants, bamboos, aquatic plants and other plants in garden green spaces. 1.3 This standard applies to the maintenance and management of park green spaces, protective green spaces, ancillary green spaces in Shijiazhuang urban and county (city) districts, and green spaces in scenic spots in Shijiazhuang City. 1.4 Divide the maintenance and management of garden and green space into different levels according to the location of the garden and green space and the level of maintenance and management. From high to low, it is divided into: first-level maintenance management, second-level maintenance management, and third-level maintenance management. 2 Glossary 2.1 Street trees are trees planted along roads or highways and forming streetscapes. 2.2 The part between the upper part of the ground and the branch points of the main trunk tree or non-clumping shrub, which supports the crown above and the root system below. 2.3 Branch point is the place where branches begin to appear on the main trunk of the tree. 2.4 Crown The part above the trunk of a tree where branches and leaves gather. 2.5 The main branches grow from the main trunk and constitute the thick branches of the tree-shaped skeleton. 2.6 Growth potential The growth strength of plants. It generally refers to the growth rate, uniformity of plants, the color of stems and leaves, the robustness of plants, the lushness of tillers or branches, etc. 2.7 Pruning is a measure to cut or delete certain organs of trees and shrubs, such as stems, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, buds, roots, etc. 2.8 Dormant period pruning refers to pruning during the dormant period of plants from autumn and winter to early spring. 2.9 Growth period pruning Pruning is performed during the summer plant growth season. 2.10 Thinning is the pruning method of cutting off the branches of trees close to the root or the ground. 2.11 Short-cut pruning method of cutting off part of annual branches. According to the amount of the cut part, it is divided into light cut, medium cut, heavy cut and extremely heavy cut. 2.12 Topping is a pruning method that removes the growing points of new shoots before the branches grow in order to make the branches and leaves grow soundly. 2.13 Tip pruning is a pruning method that removes the top young parts of tree branches (repeat with short cuts) 2.14 Injured trees cause a large amount of sap to flow out of the wound due to pruning or other trauma. 2.15 Fertilization is a fertilizer application measure taken to supplement various nutrients required during plant growth and development. 2.16 Base fertilizer Fertilizer that is applied to the soil or pits as base fertilizer before planting or planting is mostly fully decomposed organic fertilizer. 2.17 Top-dressing is a method of adding additional fertilizer after planting or planting to make up for the lack of various nutrients required by the plants. 2.18 Cultivating uses artificial methods to loosen the soil surface, thereby increasing soil permeability, regulating soil temperature and moisture, promoting fertilizer decomposition, and conducive to root growth. 2.19 Weeding measures include using artificial or herbicides to remove weeds other than the target plants during the growth period of the plants. 2.20 Irrigation is the measure of artificial water diversion taken to regulate soil temperature and soil moisture and meet the water needs of plants. 2.21 Frozen water allows plants to survive the winter safely and is used to irrigate plants before the soil freezes. 2.22 Greening water is the normal germination and growth of plants, and the irrigation of plants after the soil thaws. 2.23 Apply whitening agent to tree trunks before the soil freezes. Applying whitening agent to tree trunks can kill diseases and insect pests that overwinter on the trunks, and can also effectively reduce freezing damage. 2.24 Pest and disease control is the process of preventing and treating various plant diseases and pests. 2.25 Loess does not use lawns, ground cover plants or other materials in the open air to cover the bare land in the green space and under the canopy, in order to achieve the purposes of greening, beautification, dust suppression and moisture conservation. 2.26 Garden maintenance management adopts technical measures such as irrigation, drainage, pruning, pest control, cold protection, support, weeding, cultivating, and fertilization for garden plants. 3 Quality Standards for Landscaping Maintenance and Management 3.1 First-level Landscaping Maintenance and Management Standards 3.1.1 Plant allocation is scientific and reasonable, greening maintenance technical measures are perfect, management is in place, and loess is not exposed to the open air. 3.1.2 Trees 1. Strong growth, with normal leaf color, size, and thickness. Under normal conditions, there are no yellow leaves, scorched leaves, or rolled leaves; insect droppings, insect webs, disease spots, and gnawed leaves on the leaves are less than 5%. 2. The crown is plump, complete and beautiful, the branches are strong, the branch points are appropriate, the main and side branches are evenly distributed and the number is appropriate, the overall shape of the tree is beautiful, and the pruning is reasonable.

3. There are no missing trees on the street; the newly replanted trees are consistent with the original tree species, specifications, and trunk heights, and have support measures; the survival rate of the newly replanted trees is over 98%, and the preservation rate is 100%. 4. Street trees and tree pools in tree-lined squares should be covered with ground cover plants or hard materials. 3.1.3 The shrubs grow robustly, have normal leaf color, plump plant shape, and are free of diseases and insect pests; the flowering shrubs bloom timely and normally, and are pruned promptly and reasonably after flowering. They bloom continuously during the flowering period, and there are no dead branches, dead leaves, or dead flowers. 3.1.4 Hedges and color blocks grow robustly and have luxuriant branches and leaves; they are pruned promptly and uniformly, with clear outlines, smooth lines, clear layers, and no dead plants or ridges. 3.1.5 The flowers in the open field grow vigorously, bloom luxuriantly, and are uniform, free from diseases and insect pests, with no flowers or leaves left on the ground, and no more than 5% of the flowers are left on the ground. Bloom at the right time, replace at the right time, and ensure festive effects. 3.1.6 Lawns and ground cover plants grow luxuriantly, with normal leaf color; coverage rate is not less than 99%, and weeds are controlled below 1%; pruning is timely and at appropriate heights; there are no pests or diseases; the lawn is in the green period: there are many cool-season grasses 300 days, warm season grass no less than 180 days. 3.1.7 Aquatic plants grow vigorously, have normal leaf color, bright flowers, and beautiful overall effect. There are no dead flowers or floating leaves, no obvious weeds, and no pests and diseases. 3.1.8 Climbing plants should grow vigorously; appropriate technical measures such as traction and setting up grids should be taken in a timely manner; depending on the growth habits of climbing plants, the coverage rate should not be less than 90%; the climbing plants for flower viewing should bloom in a timely manner with colorful flowers. 3.1.9 Bamboo grows robustly, with luxuriant branches and leaves, dense and spaced bamboo trunks, and no pests or diseases. 3.1.10 Garden facilities such as railings, corridors, tables and chairs, street lights, fountains, manhole covers, signs and other facilities are complete, safe and maintained in a timely manner. 3.1.11 Green space is clean and tidy, with no debris, floating objects or suspended matter; for greening production waste (such as branches, leaves, grass clippings, etc.) and debris on the water surface of the green space, key areas will be cleared as produced, and other areas will be cleared on a daily basis. . 3.1.12 There should be orderly management of green spaces and tree ponds without piles of materials or random construction; there should be no nailing, bundling, hanging, pasting, carving, or painting on plants. There are no random signboards to indicate stalls, and there is no phenomenon of trampling on green space or climbing or breaking branches and leaves. 3.2 Second-level landscaping maintenance and management standards 3.2.1 The plant configuration is reasonable, the greening maintenance technical measures are relatively complete, the management is basically in place, and the loess is basically not exposed to the open air. 3.2.2 Trees 1. Strong growth, with normal leaf color, size and thickness. Under normal conditions, the number of plants with yellow leaves, scorched leaves, rolled leaves and fallen leaves is less than 5%; insect droppings, insect webs, disease spots and quilts on the leaves are present. Less than 10% of leaves per plant are eaten. 2. The crown of the tree is complete, the branch points are appropriate, the main and side branches are evenly distributed and the number is appropriate, the plant shape is beautiful, and the pruning is reasonable. 3. The street tree missing rate is less than 2%; timely replanting, the newly replanted trees are basically the same as the original tree species, specifications, and fixed trunk heights, with supporting measures; the survival rate of the newly replanted trees is over 95%, and the preservation rate is 98% %. 3.2.3 The shrubs grow robustly, have normal leaf color, a plump plant shape, and are basically free of diseases and insect pests; the flowering shrubs bloom timely and normally, are properly pruned after flowering, bloom continuously during the flowering period, and basically have no dead branches, dead leaves, or dead flowers. 3.2.4 Hedges and color blocks grow robustly, and branches and leaves grow normally; pruning is timely, neat and consistent, with clear outlines, smooth lines, and basically no dead plants or ridges. 3.2.5 The ribbons in the open field grow vigorously, bloom luxuriantly, and are uniform. There are no pests and diseases, no dead flowers and leaves, and the bare ground part does not exceed 8%. Bloom at the right time, replace at the right time, and ensure festive effects. 3.2.6 Lawns and ground cover plants grow luxuriantly, with normal leaf color and no yellowing; coverage rate is not less than 95%, and weeds are controlled below 2%; pruning is timely and at an appropriate height; and there are no pests or diseases. Lawn green period: no less than 270 days for cool-season grass and no less than 160 days for warm-season grass. 3.2.7 Aquatic plants grow normally, flowers and leaves have normal color, and dead leaves should be cleaned up in autumn and winter in a timely manner. 3.2.8 Climbing plants should grow vigorously; according to the climbing characteristics of different plants, take corresponding technical measures such as traction and setting up grids; depending on the growth habits of climbing plants, the coverage rate should not be less than 80%; the climbing plants for flower viewing should bloom in a timely manner. 3.2.9 Bamboo grows normally, branches and leaves are normal, and pests and diseases can be prevented and controlled in time when found. 3.2.10 Pest and disease prevention: Control pests and diseases in a timely manner. The number of insect droppings, insect webs, disease spots and bitten leaves on the leaves is less than 10% per plant; the number of stem-boring pests and scale insects harming the plants is less than 5%. 3.2.11 Garden facilities such as railings, corridors, tables and chairs, street lights, fountains, manhole covers, signs and other facilities are basically complete and safe, and their maintenance is basically timely.

3.2.12 Green space is clean and tidy, with basically no debris, floating objects or suspended matter; for greening production waste (such as branches, leaves, grass clippings, etc.), debris on the water surface of the green space will be cleared as produced in key areas, and daily in other areas. clear. 3.2.13 There should be orderly management of green spaces and tree ponds without piles of materials or random construction; there should be no nailing, bundling, hanging, pasting, carving, or painting on plants. There are no random signboards to indicate stalls, and there is no phenomenon of trampling on green space or climbing or breaking branches and leaves. 3.3 Level 3 landscaping maintenance and management standards 3.3.1 The plant configuration is basically reasonable, the technical measures for greening maintenance are basically complete, and the exposed land is not obvious. 3.3.2 Trees 1. Growth is normal, leaf color, size, and thickness are normal. The number of plants with yellow leaves, scorched leaves, and rolled leaves under normal conditions is less than 10%. There are insect droppings, insect nets, disease spots, and gnawing on the leaves. Less than 15% of leaves per plant are eaten. 2. The crown of the tree is complete, the branch points are appropriate, the main and side branches are evenly distributed and the number is appropriate, and the pruning is basically reasonable. 3. The missing tree rate of street trees is less than 3%; timely replanting, the newly replanted trees are basically the same as the original tree species, specifications, and fixed trunk heights, with support measures; the survival rate of the newly replanted trees is over 90%, and the preservation rate is 95% %. 3.3.3 The shrubs grow normally, the plant shape is intact, and pests and diseases are controlled in a timely manner; the flowering shrubs bloom normally and are pruned properly after flowering. 3.3.4 Hedges and color patches grow normally, are pruned promptly, neatly and consistently, with clear outlines, and there is basically no dead plants or ridges. 3.3.5 Lawns and ground cover plants grow normally and are not withered and yellow; the coverage rate is not less than 95%, and weeds are controlled below 5%; they are pruned in a timely manner and at an appropriate height; there are no obvious diseases or insect pests. Lawn green period: no less than 240 days for cool-season grass and no less than 150 days for warm-season grass. 3.3.6 The growth of aquatic plant plants is basically normal, and the color of flowers and leaves is normal; dead branches in major areas should be cleaned up in a timely manner in autumn and winter. 3.3.7 Climbing plants grow normally; take appropriate technical measures such as traction and setting up grids; depending on the growth habits of climbing plants, the coverage rate is not less than 70%; the climbing plants for flower viewing bloom in a timely manner. 3.3.8 Bamboo growth is basically normal and has a greening effect. 3.3.9 Pest and disease prevention: Control pests and diseases in a timely manner. The number of insect droppings, insect webs, disease spots and bitten leaves on the leaves per plant is less than 15%; the number of stem-boring pests and scale insects harming the plants is less than 8%. 3.3.10 Facility railings, corridors, tables and chairs, street lamps, fountains, manhole covers, signs and other garden facilities are relatively complete and safe, and can be maintained and decorated. 3.3.11 Green space hygiene The green space is basically clean and tidy, with no obvious debris, floating objects or suspended matter. Greening production waste (such as branches, leaves, grass clippings, etc.) and debris on the water surface in the green space can be cleaned up every day, and cleaning can be done in a timely manner. 3.3.12 There should be orderly management of green spaces and tree pools without piles of materials or random construction; there should be no nailing, bundling, hanging, pasting, carving, or painting on plants. There are no random signboards to indicate stalls, and there is no phenomenon of trampling on green space or climbing or breaking branches and leaves. 4 Technical Measures for Landscaping and Greening Maintenance 4.1 Garden trees 4.1.1 Soil and fertilizer management 4.1.1.1 Cultivating and weeding should be carried out in a timely manner during the plant growth season. When using chemicals to kill weeds, you should test them before applying them. 4.1.1.2 Fertilizer should be applied reasonably according to the growth of trees and soil fertility to balance various mineral nutrients in the soil and maintain soil fertility and reasonable structure. 1. Fertilization during the dormant period is mainly organic fertilizer, using methods such as hole application, ring application and radial furrow application. 2. During the growing season, soil top dressing or foliar spraying can be carried out as needed. 3. The amount of fertilizer should be accurate and should be determined according to the age of the tree, type of fertilizer and soil fertility. Water after application and it is strictly forbidden to expose the fertilizer. 4.1.2 Water management 4.1.2.1 Watering should be carried out at a timely and appropriate amount according to the city's climate characteristics, tree habits, planting years, etc. to promote normal growth. 1. Irrigation during the dormant period, usually from the end of November to the beginning of December. 2. Irrigation during the growth period, based on the water needs of the trees in different physiological stages. 3. During the rainy season, drainage measures such as ditching, buried pipes, and drilling can be used to drain green spaces and tree pools in a timely manner to prevent plants from dying due to waterlogging. 4. Water trucks should use hoses for watering, and high-pressure water watering is prohibited to ensure the irrigation effect. 5. When using sprinkler irrigation, make sure it is watered thoroughly and to the edge, and be supervised by a dedicated person. 6. When using gray water for irrigation, the water quality must meet the water quality requirements for garden plant irrigation. 7. During the rainy season, drainage measures such as ditching, buried pipes, and drilling can be used to drain green spaces and tree ponds in a timely manner to prevent plants from dying due to waterlogging. Water accumulation in green spaces and tree ponds shall not exceed 24 hours, and water accumulation in perennial flower planting areas shall not exceed 12 hours. 4.1.3 Pruning 4.1.3.1 Pruning principles The pruning technical plan should be formulated based on the green space landscape requirements and tree growth characteristics.

Fully consider the relationship between trees and their growth environment, and prune them according to their age and growth potential. 4.1.3.2 Pruning period 1. Garden trees can be pruned during the dormant and growing periods, but renewal pruning must be performed during the dormant period. 2. Tree species with severe bleeding and prone to gum bleeding should be avoided during the growing season and the serious bleeding period after leaf fall. 3. Tree species with poor cold resistance and easy streaking should be planted in early spring. 4. Pruning of evergreen trees should avoid the peak growth period. 4.1.3.3 Tree pruning 1. Evergreen trees should maintain their natural tree shape and main tips growing upright and upward. Overly dense branches, dry branches, and diseased and insect-infected branches should be removed in a timely manner, and partial crown trees should be transformed through pruning. 2. Deciduous trees are pruned according to different tree species and site conditions. Common tree shapes include central stem shape, cup shape, natural open heart shape, etc. 3. When pruning street trees, you should also pay attention to the following regulations: (1) The tree shape and branch point height of street trees should be basically the same, and the minimum standard for branch point height is 2.8m. (2) When there is a conflict between trees and overhead lines, the branches should be trimmed to keep a safe distance from the overhead lines. (3) The tree canopy within 30m of the traffic intersection cannot block the traffic lights. (4) A sufficient safe distance should be kept from branches near street lights and transformer equipment. 4.1.3.4 Shrub pruning 1. Maintain the original tree shape of the shrub, thin out the inner twigs appropriately, shorten the strong branches appropriately, and thoroughly remove drooping branches and thin branches. 2. Leggy branches growing outside the crown of the tree should be thinned out or cut early to promote the growth of secondary branches. 3. The residual flowers and fruits formed after flowering should be cut off as soon as possible if they have no ornamental value or other needs. 4. Styling shrubs should maintain a clear outline and tight outer edges of branches and leaves. 5. Special attention should be paid to pruning flowering shrubs: (1) Shrubs that bloom first and then leave leaves in spring (such as redbud, Begonia, etc.) should be pruned after flowering. It is appropriate to leave 3 to 5 buds in the spring. (2) Shrubs that bloom in summer and autumn (such as hibiscus, crape myrtle, pearl plum, rose, etc.) should be pruned in early spring before the buds sprout, and it is appropriate to retain 3 to 5 buds. Plants that bloom several times a year (such as roses, pearl plums, etc.) should be pruned after flowering to promote blooming again. (3) Flowering shrubs with creeping and creeping growth habits (such as forsythia and winter jasmine) should be thinned and pruned. 4.1.3.5 Hedges and color blocks 1. According to the design plan of hedges and color blocks, the hedges and color strips have clear outlines, neat lines, flat top surfaces, and consistent heights. The sides are vertical or trapezoidal. 2. When pruning ball-shaped hedges, the outer contour should be kept smooth. 3. Hedges and color blocks should be pruned to a certain height for the first time every year. Each subsequent pruning height should be increased by 1cm compared with the previous pruning. 4. Plastic pruning should be performed at least twice a year. 5. The branches and leaves remaining on the hedge surface after pruning should be removed promptly. 4.1.3.6 Climbing plants 1. For adsorbing vines, branches that fail to adsorb to the wall and droop should be cut off during the growing season. For plants that are not completely covered, the branches around the gaps should be shortened to allow for the formation of secondary shoots to fill the gaps. 2. For hookthorn vines, the branches can be thinned out according to the shrub pruning method; when the tree grows to a certain extent and the tree becomes weak, it should be retracted and pruned to strengthen the tree. 3. For vines growing on a scaffolding, after the leaves fall, the dense branches should be thinned out and dead branches should be removed so that the branches are evenly distributed on the scaffolding surface. 4. Adult and old vines should be thinned out regularly and retracted and pruned appropriately. The pruning of the above specific tree species shall comply with the "Technical Specifications for Plastic and Pruning of Street Trees in Shijiazhuang City". 4.1.3.7 Attention should be paid when pruning garden trees: 1. Generally, deciduous trees do not leave prongs, while coniferous trees should leave 1 to 2 cm long prongs. 2. The pruning cuts must be smooth and must not be split, and pay attention to the direction of the buds. 3. Cutting edges with a diameter exceeding 4cm should be smoothed with a knife and antiseptics should be applied to promote wound healing. 4. When sawing off large tree branches, care should be taken to prevent splitting. 4.1.4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases 4.1.4.1 Implement the policy of “prevention first, comprehensive management”. Strengthen inspections of diseases and pests, make good forecasts of pest conditions, and take timely prevention and control measures. For dangerous pests and diseases, once an epidemic is discovered, it should be reported to the competent department in a timely manner and measures to eliminate it should be taken quickly. 4.1.4.2 Carry out scientific maintenance to maintain strong plant growth and enhance resistance to diseases and insect pests. Timely clean up fallen leaves, weeds, etc. that carry disease and insect pests, eliminate the sources of diseases and insect pests, and prevent the spread and spread of diseases and insect pests. 4.1.4.3 Physical control. It mainly includes bait trapping, light trapping, shelter trapping, heat treatment, cutting off tree climbing, manual trapping, digging up pupae or insects, removing egg block insect packs, brushing off insects or eggs, assassinating stem-boring pests, removing diseased leaves and tips, and scraping Disease spots, combined with pruning to remove diseased and insect-infested branches, etc. 4.1.4.4 Biological control. Natural enemies should be protected and utilized to create environmental conditions conducive to their survival and development.

Specific methods mainly include using microorganisms to control insect pests, using insects to control insect pests, using birds to control insect pests, using mites to control insect pests, using hormones to control insect pests, and using bacteria to control pests and diseases. 4.1.4.5 Chemical control 1. Agents that are efficient, low-toxic, non-polluting, and safe against natural enemies should be selected. We should seize the opportunity, prescribe the right medicine and use it safely, and do not increase the concentration at will. Try to use both treatments and reduce the number of sprays. 2. When selecting new agents and methods, they should be proven effective and safe by experiments before they can be widely promoted and applied. 4.1.4.6 Operators must perform operations in accordance with the "Pesticide Operating Procedures". 4.1.5 Other management 4.1.5.1 Cold protection 1. Water the green water and freezing water in a timely manner and thoroughly. Scientific pruning can fully lignify tree branches, effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, and improve cold resistance. 2. The following measures should be taken to protect trees from cold: (1) Protect trees from cold. Set up wind barriers for marginal tree species that are cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, and have poor wind resistance. (2) The main trunk is protected from cold. For tree species with poor cold resistance and thin bark, cold-proof measures such as wrapping the trunk with paper and wrapping straw ropes are adopted. (3) The trunks are painted white. Use lime water and lime sulfur mixture to whiten the trunk, which can reflect sunlight, reduce the temperature difference between day and night, and prevent the trunk from freezing and cracking. It also kills pests that overwinter in the bark. The whitening should be even and no leakage should be allowed. For trees on a main road or in groups of trees, the whitening should be at the same height. 4.1.5.2 Tree renewal and felling and relocation 1. Densely planted forests or trees that are decayed, aging, severely tilted, and pose a danger to people and objects must be felled and relocated in a timely manner. 2. When cutting and moving trees, a safe area must be defined and fenced, and operating procedures must be strictly followed to ensure safety. 4.2 Open-field flowers 4.2.1 Flower beds and ribbons 4.2.1.1 According to the ecological habits, biological characteristics, application requirements and surrounding environmental conditions of different flower plants, select suitable flowers for the arrangement of flower beds and ribbons. 4.2.1.2 Plant the seedlings in the flower bed ribbon in a timely manner, water, fertilize, tip and prune them in a timely manner, remove residual flowers and leaves, clean up dead seedlings in a timely manner, and replenish them according to the original varieties and specifications to maintain the landscape effect. 4.2.2 Perennial flowers 4.2.2.1 Before sprouting, the remaining dead branches and leaves from the previous year should be cut off. Pay attention to the irrigation period and amount of green water and frozen water. 4.2.2.2 Timely cultivating and weeding. Do not damage the roots or expose the root system during operations. During the budding period of perennial flowers, special attention should be paid to protecting the new buds and cutting off excess tillers in a timely manner. 4.2.2.3 After the flowers fade, residual flowers, branches and dead leaves should be removed promptly, and fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Do a good job in preventing and controlling pests and diseases. 4.2.2.4 For perennial flowers that are not cold-tolerant, different cold-proof measures such as covering with soil and film should be taken to ensure safe overwintering. 4.3 Lawn and ground cover plants 4.3.1 Soil and fertilizer management 4.3.1.1 Base fertilizer should be applied when establishing the lawn, and then appropriate top dressing should be carried out every year according to the growth status of the lawn grass. 4.3.1.2 Fertilization period and amount: Before the lawn turns green, you can apply decomposed and crushed organic fertilizer, or apply urea, diammonium phosphate, etc.; during the growth period, depending on the grass condition, you can apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer or pure nitrogen fertilizer2 ~3 times; in late autumn, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers appropriately. 4.3.1.3 The lawn must be fertilized evenly and watered in time after spreading. 4.3.1.4 Foliar spraying of fertilizers 4.3.2 Water management 4.3.2.1 Except for the soil freezing period, artificial turf should be watered in a timely manner. It should be watered thoroughly every time, and the watering depth should not be less than 20cm. Pay attention to drainage during the rainy season, and pour enough freezing water before freezing. 4.3.2.2 It is strictly prohibited to use snow that has been sprinkled with snow melting agent to replenish lawn soil moisture. 4.3.2.3 When using reclaimed water for irrigation, the water quality must meet the water quality requirements for garden plant irrigation. 4.3.3 Pruning 4.3.3.1 Lawn trimming should be carried out regularly according to the habits and ornamental effects of different grass species, so that the height of the grass is consistent and the edges are neat. 4.3.3.2 The height of grass cutting depends on grass species, season, environment and other factors. In principle, the height of one mowing should not be greater than 1/3 of the grass height. 4.3.3.3 The number of times of mowing lawn plants is determined by different grass species, different management levels and different environmental conditions. Cool-season grasses should be pruned regularly and promptly to keep the lawn height at 4cm to 8cm; warm-season grasses basically need not be pruned, and can be pruned 2 to 3 times a year to improve the viewing effect. 4.3.4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases 4.3.4.1 The prevention and control of pests and diseases of lawns and ground covers should be based on strengthening maintenance and management, focusing on prevention and comprehensive prevention and control. 4.3.4.2 Lawn and ground cover diseases are most serious among cool-season grasses. Chemical control should be started in early May, and spraying should be carried out in a timely manner according to the condition of the disease.

4.3.4.3 Lawn and ground cover pests mainly include: grubs, aphids, mites, armyworms, Spodoptera exigua, cutworms, snails, slugs, etc. The main prevention and control methods refer to relevant specifications. 4.3.4.4 Technical operations for preventing and controlling lawn and ground cover pests and diseases must be carried out in accordance with the "Pesticide Operating Procedures". 4.3.5 Other management 4.3.5.1 Weeding: Timely remove weeds that are unsightly and affect the growth of lawns and ground cover plants. 4.3.5.2 Prevent cold and strengthen fertilizer and water management. In particular, green water and frozen water should be irrigated in a timely manner and thoroughly. Reasonably arrange the pruning period and amount to effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, improve cold resistance, and ensure that the lawn survives the winter safely. 4.4 Aquatic plants 4.4.1 Aquatic plants are divided into emergent type, floating leaf type, floating type and submerged type according to their lifestyle and morphological differences. 4.4.2 Daily management 4.4.2.1 The pond for planting aquatic plants is preferably 1 to 1.5m. For artificial masonry ponds, bricks can be placed at the bottom of the pond and large planting pots can be placed on them. The height can be flexible according to the growth period of aquatic plants. Adjustment. 4.4.2.2 For floating flowers that like high temperatures (except for lotus, gorgon, and tropical plants), the planting period is usually from mid-April to early May. For lotus, gorgon, and tropical water lilies, the planting period is in late May (or when the water temperature When the temperature reaches 20-25℃) it is ideal. Other types of plants can be planted with water in early May. 4.4.2.3 Newly planted emergent aquatic plants such as water lilies and king lotuses must be gradually lowered to the bottom of the lake after the petioles are drawn out and the leaves float freely on the water. You can also control the pool water to a shallower area first, and slowly submerge to increase the depth as the plants grow. 4.4.2.4 Fish in the pond can easily lift the plants out of the pots, causing the plants to die. The pots can be covered with pebbles to ensure normal growth of the plants. 4.4.2.5 Weeds in the water should be removed regularly. When the bottom of the pool or the water is too turbid, the water should be changed or cleaned thoroughly. If conditions permit, the pond should be dried every year, that is, the pond water should be drained before winter and exposed to the sun for a winter. 4.4.2.6 Before planting aquatic plants, new nutrient soil should be put into the planting pond (pot) (mainly for emergent plants). The culture soil should be mixed fertilizer soil piled up in the first year, and mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1. Mix manure, garden soil, and pond mud, and stack it for more than one year. You can also use fertile pond mud, and apply regular garden base fertilizer on the bottom of the pond. When plant leaves are found to be thin and yellow during the growth period, the leaves of the pond should be topdressed (except for plants with special leaf structures such as lotus). 4.4.2.7 When planting aquatic plants, the plants should generally be divided every 2 to 3 years to promote growth. grow, expand and reproduce. 4.4.3 Pest and disease prevention and pest control 4.4.3.1 Frequently check for pests and diseases, focusing on prevention. In the early stages of the disease, common insecticides and fungicides can be used to spray them. During operations, they should be covered with plastic sheets to avoid contaminating water bodies. 4.4.3.2 In stagnant water and ponds in mid-summer, water pollution and discoloration often occur. This is caused by the out-of-control growth of cyanobacteria, euglena, green algae and native single-cell organisms. Quicklime and green vitriol can be used for chemical control. 4.4.3.3 In large-scale open water bodies, some floating and submersed aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes and Vallisneria vulgaris are prone to grow too prosperously and cause harm. They must be removed by a combination of manual removal, mechanical removal and chemical removal. control. 4.5 Bamboo 4.5.1 Soil and fertilizer management 4.5.1.1 Bamboo forests should be mainly fertilized with organic fertilizers, and an appropriate amount of iron-containing compound fertilizers should be added. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizers is 5:2:4. The best time to fertilize is March and August to September in early spring. 4.5.1.2 Where the bamboo forest is planned to extend, the land should be plowed deeply and grass should be pressed in or soil fertilizer with high organic matter content should be filled. 4.5.2 Water management 4.5.2.1 Water for promoting shoots should be poured every spring before bamboo shoots emerge (March), and water for jointing should be poured in May and June. 4.5.2.2 Watering can be done depending on the rainfall during the rainy season, and water for growing bamboo shoots in autumn (November and early December). 4.5.3 Thinning and pruning 4.5.3.1 Thinning and pruning of bamboo forests should be carried out in late autumn or winter. Thinning should be carried out on the principle of retaining standing bamboos that are less than 4 or 5 years old and removing old bamboos that are more than 6 or 7 years old, especially those that are more than 10 years old. 4.5.3.2 Dead bamboo trunks and branches should be removed promptly, and old, diseased and lodging bamboos should be cut down. 4.5.3.3 If the bamboo forest is too dense, it should be thinned or moved appropriately to make the remaining bamboo evenly distributed, and the pit should be backfilled with soil and fertilizer in a timely manner. 4.5.3.4 According to the characteristics of bamboo varieties, bury whips in a timely manner to promote their growth and renewal.

4.5.4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases 4.5.4.1 The main focus should be on controlling spider mites, aphids, bamboo twig diseases, bamboo stem rust, etc. Regular inspections should be carried out to understand the development patterns of diseases and insect pests and prevent and control them in a timely manner. 4.5.4.2 Bamboo forests should be strengthened in tending and management, retain appropriate density, and remove diseased branches or plants to make the bamboo forests ventilated, light-transparent, and strong. 4.5.4.3 Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of physiological diseases caused by drought, moisture, freezing, sunburn, wind damage, fertilizer deficiency, etc. 4.5.4.4 Technical operations for pest and disease control must be carried out in accordance with the "Pesticide Operating Procedures". 4.5.5 Other management 4.5.5.1 Cultivating and weeding 1. In newly established bamboo forests, before the canopy is closed, the soil must be loosened and weeded 2 to 3 times a year. 2. After the bamboo becomes a forest, loosen the soil in a timely manner and renew the whip root system. 3. In general, the bamboo forest can choose to plow the soil deeply in June (for bamboo forests that sprout bamboo shoots later, it can be postponed appropriately), the depth is 25-30cm. During the process of loosening the soil, old whips and bamboo stalks should be dug out in time to release forest space. 4.5.5.2 Cold protection 1. Due to the damage of a large number of root whips by transplantation, the cold resistance of newly planted bamboos is reduced. Necessary cold protection measures should be taken in the first few years after transplantation. 2. For tall and scattered bamboos, measures should be taken to wind the trunks and add wind barriers; for mixed bamboos with shorter trunks, the roots should be covered with horse dung and leaves, and a wind barrier should be built in the northwest; for low clustered bamboos, greenhouses should be set up according to the height of the bamboos. 4.5.5.3 Adjust the structure of the bamboo forest 1. Renew the old bamboo according to the density, diameter class, age and other structures of the bamboo forest to ensure the number of ornamental bamboo shoots, maintain a certain density and leaf area index of the bamboo forest, and promote the growth of the bamboo forest. 2. The time for digging out old bamboo can be combined with loosening the soil in June. 4.6 Garden and green space management requirements 4.6.1 Green space sanitation 4.6.1.1 Keep the green space free of garbage and debris, and promptly remove white pollutants such as "tree hangings" and debris on the green space and water surface. 4.6.1.2 After removing garbage and debris, attention should be paid to cleaning. The concentrated garbage and equipment should be placed in a hidden place. It is strictly prohibited to burn garbage and fallen leaves. 4.6.1.3 The flowers, plants and trees in the green space should be protected and the integrity of the green space should be maintained. 4.6.2 Order management 4.6.2.1 Strengthen supervision and strictly prohibit the piling of debris and the parking of all vehicles unrelated to greening operations in the green space; 4.6.2.2 It is strictly prohibited to put slogans on green space plants, dry clothes, etc. 4.6.2.3 The integrity and beauty of fences, protective nets, greening water supply, and viewing and entertainment facilities should be ensured to prevent theft of greening water, etc. 4.6.2.4 Damaged garden facilities must be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

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