The Artistic Features of Huai Opera

The language of Huai Opera is based on the dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin today, and at the same time, it takes into account the drama language of local dialects in nearby Huai 'an and Yanfu. Jianhu county is located in the middle of the birthplace of Huai Opera, where most performers of Tongzi and Xianghuo Opera were born in history. Compared with the surrounding areas, the language in this area has the advantages of stable intonation, distinctive four tones, complete five tones, rich charm, pure pronunciation and good listening, and has been adopted by Huai Opera artists in different periods.

In 196 1, the Huai Opera Art Examination Committee made it clear that the language of Huai Opera is based on the pronunciation of jianhu county dialect, and at the same time, it is enriched by appropriately absorbing individual syllables with universal significance in the surrounding areas.

The language of Huai Opera has gradually formed 20 rhymes in the long-term practice. Among them, there are 14 syllables, that is, climbing sand, dancing, reading, worrying about harvest, being less skillful, being open, being in harmony with Xi, Tanshan, Tianxian, Bobby Chen, Qin Xin, hanging ash, being always on the road and being fluffy. In practical application, "Chen Sheng" and "Qin Xin" are often used interchangeably. In 14, Yin Ping and Yang Ping are called Xia Yun because they are specially used in the next sentence. "Shangsheng" and "Desheng" are the special words of the previous sentence, so they are called Shang Yun. In addition, there are six entering rhymes, namely Hottor, Lively, Hexapod, Hete, Sloppy and Pot Iron. There is no distinction between upper and lower sounds, which is called "one-word rhyme" The musical structure of Huai Opera's aria has evolved from the original unaccompanied treble music system to the drama and lyric class cavity music system. During the period of incense opera, the main singing styles of incense and Huai Bangzi originated from the door-playing words and the bobbin cavity in our city, and the Tian Ge and the tune in Jingjiang, Huai 'an and Baoying areas respectively.

Due to the continuous absorption and creation of artists in past dynasties, by the end of 1930s, Huai Opera had gradually formed three major themes: pulling tune, Huai tune and free tune. There are dozens of tunes derived from these three themes, such as Yezi Tune, Dudu Tune, Nanchang Tune, Xiahe Tune, Huai Sad Tune and Da Sad Tune. At the same time, more than 60 songs, such as Blue Bridge tune, Baduanjin, Dacaitai, Liu Yezi tune and New Year tune, were absorbed from the folk tunes of the Han nationality, which evolved into opera singing. Except for some folk tunes, these tunes are similar in tone and tonality, and their structural forms are also complete and unified.

The percussion music of Huai Opera is based on the gongs and drums with the sound of fire, and widely absorbs folk songs such as "Kirin Gong" and "Ancient Painting Gong". After evolution, a unique spectrum of Huai Opera gongs and drums was formed. In addition, percussion instruments composed of flat drums, cymbals and drums have rich tones and clear and rough tones. In the development of timbre, the early Huai opera was mainly based on the old Huai tune and the handle tone, and the aria was basically a combination structure of qupai, without the use of orchestral instruments. Around 1930, Dai Baoyu, Liang Guangyou, Xie Changyu and others adopted a new tune of erhu accompaniment on the basis of fragrant tune, which was named "Ladiao" because erhu was played with a bow. He and Chen Dasan brought Huai Opera to Shanghai. He Jiaotian also created the Liantu aria. With the constant updating of the performance content, Liantu aria further enriched the free tune, and the genre aria of Huai Opera also appeared colorful and prosperous. As early as the formation stage of Huai harmony (even in the stage of Xiang opera), the main theme was divided into two factions because of language and other factors. East road singing is full of melody and pure tone; West Road singing is almost colloquial, short and tough.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Huai Opera, popular in Jiangnan, developed with free tune as the main body, fresh and lively; However, the Huai opera in northern Jiangsu still maintains the practice of taking Huai tune and Latin tune as the main development route, which has a strong local flavor. Many accomplished and famous actors of Huai Opera have created new tunes from these different vocal systems, such as the free tunes of Pai (Xiao) and Ma (Tong), the pull-out tunes of Li (Li Shaolin) and He (He Jiaotian).

Accompaniment instruments and orchestral instruments of Huai Opera include erhu, sanxian, dulcimer, flute and suona, while percussion instruments include flat drum, Su Gong, cymbals and drums. Percussion music evolved from folk gongs and drums such as Qilin Gong and Yanfu Huagu Gong on the basis of incense, and matched with the performance of characters are Starting Gong and Drum, Cross Gong and Drum, Lanqiao Gong and Drum, Mill Gong and Drum, Scattered Gong and Drum, Plucked Gong and Drum, Panic Gong and Drum and Qingjiang Spectrum.

Huai Opera is famous for its performance in time, antiquity, writing and martial arts. Because it has performed on the same stage as Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera, it has absorbed more performances of the two operas, while maintaining some characteristics of Han folk opera and rap art, such as being good at singing. Wushu is deeply influenced by Huizhou Opera. Xu Changshan performed "rolling lanterns", and a stack of bowls on the table and stool (the top bowl contains oil and lights) were used for splits, handstands, oolong stirring and other actions; Other acrobatics, such as playing with plates, playing with fireballs, playing with handkerchiefs and stepping on wooden balls, are mostly absorbed from Huizhou Opera. The characters of Huai Opera are lively, bold, clean and ugly, and each line has branches. For example, students are divided into old school students, young students, red school students and martial school students, while Dan Dan is divided into Tsing Yi, Hua Shan, Lao Dan, Cai Dan and Gui Dan.

In the early days, there were only three kinds of transactions: Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and Joker. Later, influenced by Huizhou Opera and Peking Opera, it gradually developed, and there was a saying that the sophomore said three things, and the parents said it. But not all of them are strictly branches. If you are a young actor, you can also sing old and ugly. Hua Dan actors can also sing Tsing Yi and Wu Dan. Many actors are versatile, both civil and military. A few versatile actors can play all the roles of Huai Opera.

Three, two, three faces

The characters of Huai Opera are lively, bold, clean and ugly, and each line has branches. For example, students are divided into old school students, young students, red school students and martial school students, while Dan Dan is divided into Tsing Yi, Hua Shan, Lao Dan, Cai Dan and Gui Dan. In the early days, there were only three kinds of transactions: Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and Joker. Later, influenced by Huizhou Opera and Peking Opera, it gradually developed, and there was a saying that the sophomore said three things, and the parents said it. But not all of them are strictly branches. If you are a young actor, you can also sing old and ugly. Hua Dan actors can also sing Tsing Yi and Wu Dan. Many actors are versatile, both civil and military. A few versatile actors can play all the roles of Huai Opera.

Three, two and three painted faces are big painted faces, two painted faces and three painted faces.

A liar usually plays the role of an emperor and a more important general. Mainly singing. For example, Weichi Gong in "The Whip Break Man". Mainly doing things, such as Zhou Wang in the list of gods. There is also a treacherous court official who specializes in playing the bad COP, such as Yan Song in Beating Yan Song. This kind of characters are insidious, vicious and treacherous, and most of them win by telling the truth, which is called powder face in Huai opera circle.

Erhualian usually plays martial arts figures, such as Guo Yanwei in the capital of song dynasty. He has a high position, wears armor, and emphasizes swords and guns, so he belongs to Erhualian. Ma, wait. He has a low position in Jiaxing, and is good at somersaults and slapping. There is also a kind of painted face that is good at jumping and judging. For example, the judge of Tanyin Mountain is called painted face.

Sanhua face is also called Xiaohua face, which is a clown. Zhang Wenyuan's works, like Captured, need clear language and humor. Yang, martial arts such as "stealing cups", pay attention to agility. There are also some Cai Dan characters, such as the old Wang Po in "Golden Hairpin".

Old and young parents Dan

Parents, old and young, refer to four kinds of businesses: old people, old people, young people and young people.

Old students, all older male roles are included. Some people win by singing, such as Yang in White Tiger Hall. There are mainly engaged in things, such as Zhang Guangcai's "Sweeping Matsushita Book". There are also some people who are famous for their identity, such as Cai Chongjian in The Little Pipa, who is called a poor student. Wang Tingyu, a pipa player, is called an "old man in a robe". There is also a role that requires basic martial arts skills. For example, Tian Zhong, who is in a low position in Kaifeng, is called a degenerate old man. In addition, Guan Yu in Song Tune and Bao Zheng in Qin Xianglian are generally interpreted by the older generation in Huai Opera.

Lao Dan, all the older female characters belong to Lao Dan's business. Focus on singing, such as "The Queen Mother of the Cold Kiln". More important than doing, for example, he is in Qingfeng Pavilion.

Xiao Sheng plays the role of a young man. Including weak and elegant writers, such as Bi in Zheng Qiaojiao. Wu, such as the crane boy in The Legend of the White Snake. Scholars who are both civil and military, such as Wang Jinlong in Tooth Marks. There are many small characters in Huai Opera, such as Fang Qing in Princess Huanzhu.

Wang Qingming, etc. Contracts are generally good at long lyrics. There is also a kind of minority characters who are romantics, such as Liang Shanbo in Visiting Friends and Luo Ying in Visiting Luo Ying. It is more relaxed and lively when performing. In order to distinguish it from other more serious characters, a drop of red oil paint, commonly known as a drop of oil, is added to the forehead when making up.

Xiao Dan, all young female roles belong to Xiao Dan. Among them, there are more solemn Tsing Yi, such as Wang Baochuan in Exploring the Cold Kiln and Wang Yueying in Little Deng Ji. There are more lively Hua Dan, such as Ma Jiaoluan in Sweater and Liang in Parting Skirt. There are Wu Dan who is more important than martial arts, such as Yang Paifeng in Playing Jiao Zan. There are eight schools of Huai Opera: Petty Dancing, Happy Dancing, Li Dancing, Ma Sanqu, Xu Dancing, Zhou Dancing, Yang Dancing and Li Dancing. He Jiaotian, Yang Zhankui and Li Shaolin are artistic schools formed and developed in the long-term artistic practice of Huai Opera. At present, the popular genre is represented by Huang and Huang, representing modern singing.

In the early days of incense drama, there were three small dramas, including playing baby, growing barley, playing Bugang and grinding bean curd. The content is simple, the language is humorous, the life atmosphere is strong, and it has distinct national style and local characteristics, but it is still a small drama of Han folk life in the field of rap.

Most of "Nine Lotus", "Thirteen Ying" and "Seventy-two Records" originated from the purpose of transplanting Huizhou Opera, and some of them belong to different operas, including drama and self-created drama. Nine Lotus Flowers and Thirteen English are both plays named after the main characters in the play, and Seventy-two Stories are named after various legendary stories. They have content words and proprietary tunes, certain performance procedures, and branches of roles such as life, Dan, quietness, ending and ugliness, which have begun to take the form of drama. Most of its contents are against tyranny, attacking selfishness and praising the sincere love between men and women. During the same period, there appeared four suspense dramas, namely, Ding Huang's Wang Zhao in a hurry, Shake Tea and Duck Soup, which were all adapted from the real events in China.

This TV series began in the 1920s and was once all the rage. There are mainly Yang Jiajiang, Yue Fei, Biography of Flying Dragon, Moon and Moon, Annals of Anbang, List of Gods, Records of the Seven Kingdoms, Meng Lijun, Zheng Qiaozhi, Biography of Gan Long, Gong Peng Case and Shigong Case. Most of these plays were adapted from the historical legends and folk stories of the Han nationality, and some were fixed in popular performances, which became the reserved plays of Huai opera later. The first plays, such as "Three Women Grab the Board" and "Abandoning the Wife and Examining the Wife", appeared around the 1940s and have continued to this day. Modern drama began in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. By 1987, thousands of plays have been written and performed. Among them, the photos are not mistaken, fishing by the river, a family,

Huai Opera's famous drama "Wedding Clothes and Blood Cases" is also called "Nine Clothes".

Harbour, bowling, divorce, strange marriage, etc. It represents the level of modern drama creation and performance of Huai Opera in different periods and has far-reaching influence. The Barber and the Barber by Jianhu Huai Opera Troupe The early Huai opera was mainly based on the old Huai tune and the handle tone, and the singing was basically a combination structure of Qupai, without the use of orchestral instruments. Around 1930, Dai Baoyu, Liang Guangyou, Xie Changyu and others adopted a new tune of erhu accompaniment on the basis of fragrant tune, which was named "Ladiao" because erhu was played with a bow. He and Chen Dasan brought Huai Opera to Shanghai. He Jiaotian also created the singing of serial sentences, which further enriched the free cavity. The traditional classic plays of Huai Opera include Meng Lijun, Tooth Mark (also known as An Shoubao's Selling His Prostitution), Jade Cup Edge (also known as the Wedding Dress Bloody Case), Sargam's Resentment, Revenge, Edge in the Cabinet, Legend of White Snake, Legend of Yue Fei and so on.

Huai Opera, represented by Shanghai Huai Opera Troupe and marked by Arowana and Ephemera, has attracted much attention in the drama circle.

Jiangsu Huai Opera Troupe newly edited the Qing Palace drama "Lan Qi Gege", excellent works "Sun Flower" and "A River Flowing East". Huai Opera is listed as intangible cultural heritage, and its outstanding successors include Wang Zhihao, Xiao Ping and Liang Jinzhong.