The format of ancient literary papers

Ancient literature is a very classic subject, so what is the format of the paper? The following is the format of my paper, welcome to check it!

I. Title of the document

1. It is suggested that the title of the paper be divided into main title and sub-title. Titles and subheadings should consist of at least four nouns (or phrases), three of which are common nouns or proper nouns, and one is the noun form of verbs.

2. The function of three common nouns or proper nouns is to refine the content to be discussed in the paper. As a subject noun, one noun defines the theme, main content or the most important original materials used in this study, while the other two nouns further define the scope of the subject noun or express the content related to the subject noun.

3. The noun form of the verb should be able to express the research method or cut into the direction of this paper; Ideally, the noun form of verbs should be able to hint at the general scope of the theoretical framework or conclusions adopted in the paper.

4. In order to further limit the scope of the paper, it is necessary to use appropriate adjectives in the title.

5. It is taboo to use the poems of predecessors as the title of academic papers; Never quote the poems of predecessors as the topic of the paper.

Second, summary

1, the total number of words in the abstract shall not exceed 250 words, but it must be less than 300 words.

2. The first sentence of the abstract should repeat the title of the paper in more accurate language, and try to explain the exact meaning of each noun in the title in detail.

3. The second, third and fourth sentences of the abstract (assuming that the paper has only three sections except the preface and conclusion) should summarize the contents of each section of the paper in concise language, but try to avoid directly quoting predecessors' words.

4. The last sentence of the abstract should give the general direction or scope of the conclusion; If conditions permit, you can consider completely breaking the conclusion of the paper.

Third, key words

1, keywords generally need 4 or 7 nouns; Adjectives should try not to appear in keywords.

2, keywords can generally include nouns in the title of the paper.

3. In addition to the nouns in the title of the paper, other keywords are generally the proper nouns (or phrases) with the highest frequency in the paper, which can also be names, titles, official titles, geographical locations, etc.

4. The length of each keyword should not exceed five words.

Fourth, the preface (or introduction)

1, the first paragraph of the preface needs to explain the research significance of this paper.

2. The first sentence of the first paragraph of the preface can repeat the first sentence of the abstract in content, that is, repeat the title of the paper in more accurate language, and try to indicate the exact meaning of each noun in the title.

3. The first paragraph of the preface needs to explain the key nouns that have appeared in the title (if the definition of nouns is too complicated, the explanation of nouns should be put in the text).

4. The first paragraph of the preface should have a simple background introduction (such as the historical background of the research, the life of the characters, or the most important original materials used in the research, etc.). ).

5. The first sentence of the second paragraph of the preface should directly explain the reason for choosing the topic (this sentence can use at most two commas).

6. The last few sentences in the second paragraph of the preface should further elaborate the meaning of the first sentence and briefly explain the relationship between this article and other research results.

7. At the end of the second paragraph of the preface, you should be able to show the most fundamental difference or breakthrough between yourself and previous studies.

8. The third, fourth and fifth paragraphs of the preface are literature reviews of previous studies. It is necessary to describe the scope, content and main viewpoints of previous studies in a logical order from big to small, and finally put them into practice as the starting point of my own thesis.

9. When writing a literature review, you must have your own critical sentences about the previous research results, and absolutely avoid simple data stacking (you don't have to show all the previous research results here, but you should choose some previous research results that are related to your own paper or have great influence on it).

10. In the sixth paragraph of the preface, you need to state your research methods or cited research theories, hint at possible conclusions if possible, or turn the contents to be discussed in the following sections into questions by asking questions.

1 1. If necessary, the last paragraph of the preface can briefly describe the structure of the article, that is, the contents to be discussed in the following sections and subsections.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) section, section and paragraph of text.

1. Assumption: the text is divided into three sections, and each section is divided into three sections; Subtitle each section and paragraph (mainly nouns) in concise language, generally without subtitles.

2. It is forbidden to use the poems of predecessors as subheadings in academic papers; Never quote the poems of predecessors as the subtitle of the paper.

3. The first section of each section should be comprehensive: introduce the main contents to be discussed, the questions to be answered, or the methods and angles to answer questions.

The first paragraph of each section should be a link between the preceding and the following.

The last paragraph of each section should properly summarize the main contents discussed in this section, and if possible, use the last sentence to lead to the following.

6. The first sentence of each paragraph should clearly indicate the main content to be discussed in the paragraph.

7. When writing, the author should do the following: When the reader reads the first sentence of each paragraph, he can have an overall understanding of the specific content of the paper.

8. There should be no logical interruption between paragraphs. The method to check whether there is a logical interruption is as follows: 1. See whether the subject (noun) or object (noun) with the highest frequency in one paragraph is the subject or object of the next paragraph; Second, look at whether the nominalization form of the verb with the highest frequency in one paragraph is the subject or object of the next paragraph.

9. The same method is used to check whether there is logical sentence break between sentences.

Citations and footnotes of intransitive verbs

1. There are generally two ways to directly quote. One is to add words, words and sentences directly in a text paragraph (quotation marks are needed without changing the font), and the other is to start a new quotation after the text paragraph (quotation marks are not needed, and the whole paragraph needs to be indented to change the font, generally in italics).

2. Indirect speech generally refers to paraphrasing or summarizing other people's views in one's own language.

3, any form of citation, need to add footnotes; Direct speech and indirect speech generally add a footnote symbol (except the period) after the period at the end of the speech.

4. If you directly quote short and important words, words and sentences, you can add footnote symbols after the back quotation marks of words, words and sentences (except the back quotation marks).

Any text that is directly quoted and becomes a paragraph alone must be interpreted by the author in his own language in the next paragraph.

6. If the indirect quotations are long, with direct quotations interspersed in the middle, and all quotations are from the same work by the same author, they can be integrated into a single paragraph, and only a footnote can be added at the end of the paragraph; Footnote symbols can be added after the period at the end of a paragraph.

7. The basic format of the footnote is (if it is a single book, the information of the "book" is not needed):

Author, title (place of publication: name of publishing house, year of publication), Volume N, pages N-N.

Author, title, editor I and editor II, title of series (place of publication: name of publishing house, year of publication), volume N, pages N-N.

Author I and author II, article title, edited by editor I and editor II, title/publication name (place of publication: name of publishing house, year of publication), Volume N, pages N–N.

Author, article title, periodical name, serial number (year of publication): Page N-N.

8. When a document appears in the footnote for the first time (as shown above), it needs all the information. When the same document appears in the footnote for the second time, it can be simplified as:

Author, book title/article title, page n-n

9, pay attention to distinguish between minus sign (-), dash (-), dash (-); Use a dash to connect two page numbers (for example, pages 233-666. ) or two years (for example:1711–1799); Use commas to distinguish different page numbers (for example, pages 2, 22, 222. ); Use semicolons to distinguish different volumes (for example, Volume 2, page 22; Volume 4, pages 66–88, 135. ); Be sure to put a period after the page number on the last page.

Seven. conclusion

1, the first paragraph of the conclusion should summarize the main contents of the full text in general language; Basically, the content of each section should be summarized in one sentence.

2. The second paragraph of the conclusion is an improvement on the first paragraph; It is necessary to properly involve some problems based on the content of the article, but beyond the content of the article, and explore the significance of these problems to the development of the whole discipline.

3. The third paragraph of the conclusion (and the following paragraphs) is free play. On the basis of the second paragraph, some questions that have nothing to do with the content of the article can be involved, but through logical reasoning, irrelevant questions will be related to the content of the article itself.

4. In the third paragraph of the conclusion (and the following paragraphs), you can also ask some more ambitious and advanced questions by asking questions; But the author does not need to give a clear answer, but gives an idea or method to solve the problem.

5. The level of the article depends largely on the third paragraph of the conclusion (and the following paragraphs), and its fundamental premise is that all the previous inferences have no loopholes in logic.

Eight. philology

1, and the bibliography must correspond to the footnote; All documents appearing in footnotes must be placed in the bibliography.

2. Documents that have been read in the course of research but have not been directly or indirectly cited cannot be included in the bibliography.

3. The basic format of the bibliography is (if it is a single book, the information of "book" is not needed):

Author, title, volume * * * n. Place of publication: name of publishing house, year of publication.

Author, title, editors I and II, title of series, volume N-N, page N-N, place of publication: name of publishing house, year of publication.

Author I and author II, article title, editor I and editor II, book/anthology title, pages n-n, publishing place: publishing house name, publishing year.

Author, article title, periodical name, serial number (year of publication): Page N-N.

4. The difference between the page number in the bibliography and the footnote is that the page number information given in the bibliography is the scope of the document; The page number information given in the footnote is the specific reference location of the file.

Nine. appendix

1, the contents collected in the appendix can be roughly divided into three categories: one is the classification or translation of the original documents, the other is the data and charts based on the summary of the original documents, and the third is the thematic discussion indirectly related to this paper.

2. In the case of multiple appendices, the serial numbers of the appendices should be arranged in English capital letters instead of numbers.

3. If there are multiple appendices, they should be arranged in the order in which they appear in the text.

X. document format

1. The format of this document refers to the graduation thesis writing standard of Beijing Normal University.

2. Paper title: No.3 in bold.

3. Title of abstract, preface, conclusion and section: bold small three (the "outline level" in the "paragraph" of Word document is 1 level).

4. Chapter title: No.4 in bold (the "outline level" in the "paragraph" of Word document is level 2).

5. Text: No.4 Song Style (English font 12 Times New Roman).

6. Citation: Xiao No.4 in regular script, hung and indented.

7. Footnote: No.5 Song (English Times New Roman font 10).

8. Line spacing: 1.25 times (Note: the definition of "document grid" must be cancelled in "paragraph" of Word document).

9. Blank lines: preface, conclusion and blank lines after each festival; There are no blank lines after each festival; There are no blank lines between paragraphs.

10. Alignment: All papers are "left-aligned" (including titles, texts, quotations and footnotes at all levels) except the titles.

1 1. margins: the top margin and the left margin (margin) of each page are 25mm, and the bottom margin and the right margin (trimming) are 20mm respectively.

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