The course of suffering, alexei tolstoy, the original

Katja and Dasha lived in Petersburg, Russia in the early 20th century. Katja, who has married women, and Dasha in The Seeds of Love can't help being seduced by the decadent poet Bei nosov. Katja failed to resist the temptation and left Paris after breaking up with her husband Nikolai Ivanovich. After some struggle, Dasha found her true love Telegin. When World War I broke out, Katja returned from Paris and reunited with her husband, but Nikolai Ivanovich was killed by rioting soldiers after the February Revolution. When Katja decided to commit suicide in despair, officer Luo Xin appeared and became the supporting force for Katja to continue to live. Russia at this time is experiencing life and death. The fates of Katja and Rosin, Dasha and Telekin were also involved in the current of the times, which experienced World War I, February Revolution, October Revolution and Civil War. By the end of 1920, the four people were on and off, witnessing the great changes experienced by the motherland and the people, and also experiencing their own "bitter course", and finally going to the revolution and the Bolsheviks together.

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"What can I do, dear? We must understand what it means to belong to the country through personal experience. So far, we have only read about how some farmers fought for their land in the battlefields of Kurikov and Polokino from the works of Ilowiski and other historians, and so on. We often look at the map and think,' Hey! What a big country Russia is! Now, however, we have to work hard and sacrifice a certain percentage of our lives to save this land painted green on the map and across Eurasia. We don't like doing this. Of course, if you say that our national machine is not working-then I agree. Now, I'm going out to die for my country, so I have to ask first:' You told me to die, so are you the embodiment of national wisdom? Can I bleed for my country with confidence?' Yes, Katyusha, * * * looks askance at social organizations or stubborn habits, but it has long been obvious that they can't live without us. Let them have a try! We can push our luck. I feel very optimistic. "Nikolai Ivanovich stood up, picked up a box of matches from the mantelpiece, lit a cigarette, stood still and threw the lighted matches into the eggshell." Blood will never flow in vain When our class-social activists-came to power, the war was over. This war will accomplish what the "land and freedom" faction, revolutionaries and Marxists can't. Bye, girls! "He adjusted his coat and went out; From the back, he looks like a fat woman in men's clothing.

Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na sighed and sat at the window knitting. Dasha squatted on the arm of the chair, with one arm around her sister's shoulder. They are all dressed in black turtlenecks, and now they sit side by side silently, looking just like each other. Outside the window, snowflakes slowly floated, and the cold and dazzling light reflected on the wall of the house. Dasha pressed her cheek against her sister's hair, releasing a strange fragrance slightly.

"Katyusha, what did you do this afternoon? You never told me. "

"What can I tell you, my kitten? I am writing to tell you. "

"But, Katyusha, I still don't understand. You are beautiful and lovely. I've never met anyone like you. But why are you so glum? Your eyes are always so blue. "

"I think maybe I have a melancholy heart."

"No, I'm asking you seriously."

"I often think of this myself, son. It seems that a person will be really unhappy as long as he has everything. I have a good husband and a dear sister, and I am free. ..... but I seem to live in a mirage and walk around like a ghost. ..... I remember when I was in Paris, I often thought,' I just want to live in a remote small city, raise poultry and all kinds of vegetables, and sneak to the stream to meet my lover at dusk. That's great! ..... Alas, Dasha, my life is over! "

"Katyusha, don't talk nonsense! ……"

"You know," Katja stared at her sister with eyes that seemed dark and confused, "I felt it that day ... sometimes I saw it clearly, a striped mattress, a spilled sheet, and a basin full of bile. ..... and I lay there dead, sallow complexion, gray hair ... "

Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na put down his wool and watched the snowflakes flying in the windless silence. In the distance, a flock of crows, like a mass of dark leaves, hovered under the steeple where a golden eagle stood in the Kremlin.

"I remember, Daxin family, one day I got up early. As you can see from the balcony, the whole of Paris is shrouded in a layer of sky-blue fog, and white, gray and blue smoke clouds are rising everywhere. It rained the night before, and I could smell the coolness of green leaves and herbs. The children are carrying books, the women are carrying baskets, and the grocery store is opening. Everything seems very stable and permanent. I want to go down there, blend in with the crowd, meet a man with kind eyes and put my hand on his chest. But when I went to Dalin, the whole city went crazy. Newsboys are running around, and there are groups of excited people everywhere. All the newspapers are full of fear and hatred of death. War broke out. From that day on, I only heard one word: death, death. ..... What hope is there? ……"

Dasha didn't speak. After a while, she asked:

"Katyusha! ……"

"What is it, dear?"

"What happened to you and Nicholas?"

"I don't know, it seems that all of us have forgiven. Look-three days have passed and he has been very kind to me. After all, now is not the time to settle old scores. You suffer, you go crazy-who's in charge of the accounts now? You buzz like a mosquito, and you can't even hear yourself. I really envy those old women-for them, everything is simple: death is coming, and they just need to be prepared for it. "

Dasha twisted on the arm of the chair, sighed deeply, and then took her hand off Katja's shoulder. Yekaterina Fu Na whispered:

"Daxinjia, Nikolai Ivanovich told me that you are engaged. Is it true?/You don't say. /You don't say. My poor baby! " She picked up Dasha's hand, kissed it, and then put it on her chest and stroked it. "I believe that ivan illich must still be alive. If you really love him, then there is nothing else you need in this world. "

The two sisters were silent again, looking at the snowflakes flying outside the window. A row of students are walking in the street in the snow with branches for bathing and changed shirts under their arms, and their boots are slipping on the icy ground. They are walking towards the bathhouse. As they walked, they sang in chorus, whistling after each line:

Get up, birds,

Fly like an eagle,

Don't suffer, don't be sad.

…………

After a day or two, Dasha began to go to the hospital again. So yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na was left alone in an unfamiliar apartment: two boring landscape paintings were hung on the wall, depicting a haystack and a pool of melted snow in the middle of bare birch trees; Above the sofa in the reception room, there are some photos of strangers hanging; There is a pile of dusty feather thatch in the corner.

Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na tried to regard the theater as an entertainment place, where some senior actors staged Ostrovschi's plays; She also visited book fairs and museums. But for her, everything looks pale, faded and half dead. She is like a ghost, floating in a life that everyone has long abandoned.

Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na sat by the window for several hours, next to the heating pipe, looking at the snowy and quiet Moscow outside the window. The mournful bell kept ringing through the flying snowflakes in the soft air, once for a memorial service and once for someone brought back from the front. Books will fall out of her hand-what books are there to read? What dreams can I have? How meaningless all dreams and old ideas seem now!

Time slipped between the morning paper and the evening paper. Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na can clearly see that all the people around her are just living in the future, living in the fantasy days of victory and peace-everything that can enhance this expectation is accepted with exaggerated joy, and any setback will make everyone depressed and silent. People, like crazy people, enthusiastically seize rumors, rumors and the most absurd news; They will be very excited when they see a few lines of news in the newspaper.

Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na finally decided to let her husband find something for her. At the beginning of March, she began to work in the hospital served by Dasha.

At first, like Dasha, she was disgusted with this filth and pain. But she restrained herself and began to like her job. This kind of self-restraint victory is a pleasure in itself. For the first time, she felt connected with the life around her. She became fond of dirty and hard work and sympathized with the people she cared about. On one occasion, she told Dasha:

"Why do you think we must live a special and elegant life? In fact, we are just a woman-we just need an ordinary husband, many children and a simple life. ……"

A week before Easter, yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na took an Easter sweet milk cake from the hospital to bless her, and fasted with Dasha in the hospital. That night, Nikolai Ivanovich was going to attend an impromptu meeting. At two o'clock in the morning, he went to pick up two sisters by car. Yekaterina Dmitrije Fu Na said that Dasha and she didn't want to sleep and let him go for a drive. The idea was ridiculous, but they gave the driver a glass of brandy and went to Hottingskoy's field. ……

There is a little light cream, and I feel a little cold on my cheeks. There is not a cloud in the sky, only a few shining stars. Ice floes jingled under the wheels. Katja and Dasha are both wearing white scarves and gray coats, sitting in the sunken seats in the car, and they are very close. Nikolai Ivanovich sat next to the driver and looked back at them from time to time-both of them were heavy.

"To tell you the truth, I really don't know which one of you is my wife," he said softly. So one of them replied:

"You'll never guess." So both of them laughed.

Over the vast fields, the horizon gradually turned green, and the black outline of the silver forest appeared in the distance.

Dasha whispered:

"Katyusha, I really want to fall in love." Yekaterina Fu Na gently held her arm. Above the forest, in the middle of the wet green dawn, a big star flashed like a pulse.

"I almost forgot to tell you, Katyusha," Nikolai Ivanovich turned from his seat and said, "our plenipotentiary Dzhumakov has just arrived here. He said that the situation in Galicia looks very serious. The Germans bombarded us with such fierce artillery fire that we were being wiped out in batches. Besides, to be honest, we are short of shells. ..... Who knows, what a pity! ……"

Katja didn't answer, she just raised her eyes and looked at the stars. Dasha put her cheek on her sister's shoulder. Nikolai Ivanovich cursed for a while, and then told the driver to drive home.

Katja returned to Moscow, back to the house with attic in Nuccini Lane, Sta Luo Kang, Arbat Street (at the beginning of the war, Nikolai Ivanovich Smokefunikov moved into this house from Petersburg with Dasha, and Katja herself lived there when she came back from Paris), and returned to that house, where her life was once in despair and melancholy on the tragic day when Nikolai Ivanovich was buried. That day she got into bed with a fur coat and never wanted to live again. ..... She sighed, climbed out from under her fur coat, went to the restaurant to get a glass of water, and tried to swallow morphine-in the middle of that evening, she suddenly saw her second life: Vajim petrovich Luo Xing was sitting there waiting for her. ……

Now, even so, the second circle of her nervous, kind and distressed life has been completed. The long journey of irreparable loss has fallen behind her. One day in mid-July, Kajia came out of Kiev station in Moscow with a parcel, and she felt very strongly about this. ..... Boys and girls splashed water on the shallows of moscow river, their voices were harsh and desolate in silence, and an old man was sitting on the withered grass on the shore, fishing. She turned into Sa Du Ya Street, and the railings on both sides of the forest in the middle of the street disappeared. Katja was surprised at this silence. Only the tall bodhi tree rustled, casting a gorgeous and lush shadow on the empty house. Arbat Street, which was so busy in those days, now has neither trams nor taxis, and scattered pedestrians hang their heads in frustration when crossing the rusty tracks. Katja walked to the corner of Nushini Lane in Sta Luo Kang, turned the corner, and finally found her home-her knees were limping. She stood on the opposite sidewalk for a long time, looking at it. In her memory, the house seemed beautiful, with golden yellow, smooth white columns and bright windows. ..... There lived Katja's own shadow, cutting Jim petrovich and Dasha. ..... things that once existed, don't they just disappear without a trace? Will life fly by like a dream on a pillow? Will it disappear when I wake up and take the first breath? Although I was tempted by the fruitless hope. No, no, in the past days, there must be unexpected joy buried somewhere-for example, Katja let the morphine bottle fall on the carpet and fell feebly in Vader Jim petrovich's strong arm. He was almost paralyzed with excitement and whispered intimate words in her ear. This is by no means a dream. It didn't disappear, it was still there, in that dark window. And there, it was their first night together. They didn't fall asleep and spent it in a silent kiss as deep as suffering. They repeatedly said old, but always fresh words, marveling at a miracle in the world-all the gentlest and strongest people are combined, and the tanned strong fingers are tightly twisted with white and slender fingers. ...

Katja was immediately appointed as a teacher in a primary school in Price, Virginia. At another table, she was mobilized to participate in social work in literacy night schools. At the third table, there is another strange thin person with brown skin and huge feverish eyes. Grab her and take her through the corridor and upstairs to the Art Propaganda Department. There, she was assigned to the factory to give a lecture tour.

"We'll decide the content of the speech later," said the brown man. "You will get relevant documents and a timetable. There's no need to be nervous-you are a cultured person, that's enough. Our tragedy is that we don't have enough educated people-more than half of the intellectuals are lazy. They will deeply regret this behavior. The rest were swallowed up by the front line. Your arrival left a very good impression on everyone. ……"

Finally, in a corridor, a stout, frantic man, with his mouth wide open, wearing a canvas jacket and a blue hair under his arm, ran into Katja.

"Are you an actor? Someone pointed you out to me just now, "he said anxiously. Regardless of Kaga's answer that he was a teacher, he put his arm on her shoulder and led her across the corridor. ""I want to absorb you into the art troupe, and you go to the front by car; As soon as you leave Moscow, you can get the bread you want, as well as sugar and top butter. ..... program? That's not important! With your beauty, you might as well sing a song and dance, and the Red Army soldiers will certainly applaud. ..... I sent Professor Cheby Du Jin to the front. He is sixty years old. I'm not sure whether he is a chemist or an astronomer. Now he is called "the king of the members of the art troupe"-he sings Belangrui's ballads. ..... You don't need to thank me, I am a warm-hearted. ……"

"Listen to me!" Katja broke free from him and began to cry. "I already have a school, and I have speech and literacy work ... I can't stand it physically ..."

"What does this mean-physically can't stand it? Am I only doing what I can physically bear? Shalobin also said that he couldn't stand it, but I got him a box of brandy, and now he wants to go to the front. ..... Well, you go and think about it. ..... I'll find you. ……"

Katja walked home, overwhelmed by her sense of responsibility. The hot air blowing from the empty lane rolled up the dust and paper on the cobblestone road. As soon as she turned the corner, she walked into Tewelskoylin, thinking-if she slept for six hours every night, would it be enough time? In other words, the remaining 18 hours. ..... Not enough! Teach students, change exercise books and prepare for the next day's homework. ..... Literacy work-not less than two hours. ..... God, it's time to walk back and forth! And speeches, including arrival and return times? Besides, these have to be prepared. ..... Eighteen hours is not enough!

Katja sat down next to Lin * * *, perhaps on the bench. 19 16 years, she and Dasha sat here and met Besonov. He's covered in dust and dragging his feet ... ridiculous! Two useless women don't know what to do. In Besonov-it's like walking out of a poem by Alexander Brock: "How difficult it is for the dead to pretend to have life and feelings among the living ..."-when they bowed to them and walked slowly past, they didn't know what kind of tragic feelings they experienced. They kept looking at his back and found his semi-uniform style. ……

She has to sleep for four hours and come back on Sunday to catch up on sleep. And line up to buy food! Katja closed her eyes and snorted. ..... The wind blew away the curly hair on her thin neck and touched the old bodhi tree overhead, and the leaves rustled. ..... Listening to the rustling of leaves, Katja finally stopped worrying about this question: How can I get more than 24 hours' sleep in one day and one night? Never mind, it's always easy to deal with! ..... She was absorbed in her amazing changes, and she was constantly surprised and happy. She once leaned her head against the warm kang, looked at Alex's angry face and said, "No!" " From that moment on, the expectation of new happiness, calmness and trust began to grow in her heart. This kind of happiness, she has tasted a little in that spring: every night before going to bed, she always recalls the past day-there is no gloom and anger in it. Katja began to like herself. Even now, she is only joking, exaggerating her fears and disappointments-as if she can't cope with the social work. ..... The key is not here at all, but that she was a poor and dirty kitten not long ago, but now she has suddenly become an important person. It turns out that Katja is also what everyone needs; The responsible comrade with brown skin and beautiful eyes spoke to her with respect. ..... She can't live up to all this-it would be terrible if someone from the People's Committee of the Ministry of Education said, "We trusted her, but she let us down ...". Here in Moscow, it's not that kind of life at all: driving a carriage on the grassland, bumping behind Alexei's three animals, chewing straw and thinking, "You captured woman, what's the use of your beauty?"

Maslov asked Katja to make a detailed report. When she told him that she had talked to a brown-skinned comrade, maslov's whole right cheek crumpled up, revealing a wry smile.

"Uh-huh, uh-huh," he said, turning his face away from Katja. "The tragedy of intellectuals is only half the misfortune ... more tragic things have not yet come. ……"

(translated by Zhu Wen)

Precautions:

Ilovitsky (1832- 1920) is a Russian reactionary historian, and he wrote Studies on the Origin of Ross (1876) and Studies on Russian History (until the reform of Peter the Great,1876-1).

1380, Russian troops led by Moscow Dagong Dimitri defeated Tatars led by Mamehan in the Battle of Kurikov.

1812 In August, in the famous Battle of Polokino, the Russian army and Russian people bravely fought against Napoleon's French invaders and turned the situation around.

Bellevue (1780— 1857) is a French revolutionary democratic poet and singer. With poetry as a weapon, he lashed out at feudal nobles, church forces and the big bourgeoisie.

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The trilogy "The Course of Suffering" (Two Sisters, 19 18 and Dark Morning) is an epic masterpiece created by the famous Soviet writer alexei tolstoy. The work records the process of Russian nation and people, especially intellectuals, from before World War I to around 1920, which experienced war, hunger, death and finally formed. Whether it is the grasp of historical events, the long-span scheduling of time and space, the depth of psychological excavation and the ingenious plot arrangement, it is worth mentioning.

Two Sisters, the first part of the trilogy, was written in 19 19, while Dark Morning was not written until 194 1 year, which lasted more than 20 years. Although the author tries to maintain the integrity and unity of the three works after revision and revision, there are still obvious differences among the three works, especially between the first one and the second and third ones.

Two Sisters focuses on personal feelings about the times. Katja and Dasha are the most important characters, stringing together the two main lines of the first film respectively. Katja quarreled with her husband, ran away and came back, and became seriously ill. Her husband's death and suicide failed to combine with Luo Xin, which constituted a clue. The temptation of Dasha and Telijin to meet, leave and meet again constitutes another clue. The full text is full of sentimental feelings of "love is supreme", and the revolution is like a "burning eye" under a poster straw hat, full of unpredictable terrorist forces that subvert and destroy everything.

If Two Sisters is still a "family novel" with Katja's family tragedy and Dasha's love story as the main line, then the latter two novels have already presented the pattern of revolutionary epic. In Two Sisters, history only appears as the background of the protagonist's personal fate, especially his love life, while in 19 18 and Dark Morning, history has come to the front of the curtain and become the most important protagonist. The author "opened all the doors and windows to let the storm of history rush in, so the storm of revolution roared in the novel and was disturbed and shaken by life. The little, lovely and painful fate of the hero in the novel was like a tiny grain of sand ..."

In the second part, the focus of the description has shifted from revealing personal destiny to artistic reappearance of the civil war, intercepting the key year of the civil war-1918, and showing the desperate struggle between the Russian people and the White Army and foreign forces trying to interfere in the revolution in this year to defend the revolutionary achievements. The four protagonists have also been swept in different directions by the torrent of history: Trekin left Dasha to join the Red Army, and Luo Xin left Kajia to join the White Army. Dasha was in a daze because she lost her child and Telegin left, and almost participated in the plot to assassinate Lenin. Later, she was captured by the Red Army and became a nurse of the Red Army, while Katja was robbed by Ma Qinuo gangsters. The fate of the four people is not as clear as the first one, and the structure of the novel is a bit messy because of the insertion of a large number of real historical materials and branch characters.

The third film, Dark Morning, is structurally the same as 19 18. In this part, "the fate of Russian intellectuals in the revolutionary period was relegated to a secondary position and replaced by the problem of changing people's destiny by revolutionary means." After many twists and turns, the four protagonists joined forces in Moscow, Luo Xin and Trekin became comrades-in-arms, Katja became a people's teacher, and Dasha devoted herself to literature and art. "All the efforts, all the bloodshed, all the unknown and silent sufferings" were over.

Excerpts from the first part and the third part concentrate on expressing Kaga's life and thoughts. Kajia is a typical old aristocratic woman. She is kind, gentle and sentimental. Her "life used to be like a nightmare" and "just a useless little animal kept at home". She is uneasy about the corrupt, hypocritical, depraved and vulgar living environment of Petersburg intellectuals, but she can't find a way to break the existing lifestyle. She didn't understand the meaning of war at first, and regarded the coming social change as the coming disaster. She feels afraid and lonely, and the only thing she can grasp is faithful love. It is Katja's greatest wish to live happily with her beloved in a chaotic situation. She is "neither good nor bad, neither Russian nor foreigner" ... a mermaid! After witnessing many tragic and terrible things, in the third part, Katja has changed from a golden bird to an independent people's teacher. She found a way to devote her life to a meaningful cause, closely linked her destiny with that of the country and the nation, and made her life so broad, broad and full of hope.

The attitude of intellectuals such as Kajia to the revolution, the motherland and the people runs through painful thinking, which is the expression of alexei tolstoy's own ideological contradiction. The suffering experienced by the protagonist is actually the embodiment of the author's spiritual journey across the old and new times. As the Soviet scholar Shelbina said, "Every trilogy means a new stage in the development of alexei tolstoy's artistic concept and creation". Alexei tolstoy was born in an aristocratic family, and he was good at reflecting the life, thoughts and feelings of the aristocratic class. When writing Two Sisters, he was in exile in Paris, and the revolutionary torrent felt by the characters in the book was also a reflection of his "personal feelings about the times". He is good at choosing meaningful and vivid details, mobilizing various artistic techniques such as portrait description to reflect the inner world of the characters, vividly expressing the occasional small interests in the turbulent years, and skillfully integrating the historical background into the story of personal destiny. The last two works were written after alexei tolstoy returned to the Soviet Union. At this time, Tolstoy was eager to reflect the Russian revolution, "the leading force of the party's revolutionary transformation of the country" and accepted the influence of socialist realism, which deviated from his handy critical realism to a certain extent and "carefully avoided using symbolism". Some characters were vividly portrayed in the first film, but with the development of the story, they became pale and unconvincing. Taking Katja as an example, the meticulous and moving psychological analysis in the first part is rare in the second and third parts, and it is replaced by a slightly graphic characterization to clearly show Katja's ideological changes. Moreover, the combination of history and the fate of the characters is not as clever as the first one, and the insertion of some historical materials is relatively blunt.

However, as the author insists, "the outline of the novel and everything about it are expressed through the gradual development of the revolution and countless difficult scenes of the revolution." Instead of writing the lost and regained motherland as a slogan and formula, the author successfully created a group of "living people with various shortcomings and advantages" and "doing a vibrant career" in his works. He described the revolution as "the organizer who wanted to save Russia from unscrupulous ignorant untouchables" and put himself in the hostile camp of the revolution, instead of simply demonizing the enemies of the revolution, such as Machno, the gang leader, and Denikin, the leader of the White Army. Nor does the author describe the main characters as proletarian heroes, but as people with national characteristics, they represent people who have maintained national dignity and culture for centuries, which is more likely to cause widespread * * *. This effort to portray the revolution as it should be, "rather than a pleasing picture", is exactly where The Journey of Suffering is superior to many revolutionary novels, and it is also the reason why this work can still maintain its eternal vitality and attraction even when the specific scene has become history.

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