What is the guarantee of high yield and high quality of apples?

Guarantee of high yield and high quality of apples:

1. Variety selection

Because apple trees have strong adaptability to the environment, they are distributed in most areas of our country. , resulting in a wide variety of varieties with strong regional differences. Therefore, in different regions, it is necessary to determine suitable fruit tree varieties according to the local environment and climatic conditions. Under normal circumstances, you can choose varieties that have been grown locally for a long time.

2. Garden renovation

The content of apple orchard renovation should include leveling the surface, improving the soil, cleaning up garbage, etc. Trim uneven mountainous terrain and try to make it as smooth as possible. Clean up garbage in the Apple Park, such as branches, stones and other debris. It is also necessary to improve soil fertility and apply a certain amount of organic fertilizer. Most of the orchards in the north are on hillside, and some water storage facilities need to be built to ensure adequate water supply for the orchards.

3. Cultivating and weeding

For apple orchards, cultivating operations are required. As for the time and frequency of cultivating, it depends on the climatic conditions and the amount of weeds. Generally, this is done 3-4 times a year. Three cultivating times in spring before weeds germinate, after wheat harvest and in early August are the most important. The depth of cultivating is required to be 5-10 cm.

4. Reasonable fertilization

The amount of fertilization for apple trees needs to be determined based on the age and yield of the tree. During the apple sapling stage and fruiting stage, the ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium is 2:2:1. When applying farmyard manure, it must be decomposed at high temperature to meet pollution-free and hygienic standards.

In order to promote the growth of fruit trees, foliar spraying of fertilizer can be carried out. The effect is quick and the fertilizer efficiency can be increased by more than 30%. Apple trees during the fruiting period need foliar spraying of fertilizer 5-6 times a year, with an interval of 15-20 days between each time. In the early growth period, spray 0.3% urea once on the leaves. During the fruit growth period, spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice, and spray 500 times of photosynthetic micro-fertilizer once. After the fruit is harvested, in order to enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves and accumulate stored nutrients, spray 0.3% urea solution once.

5. Timely watering

During the entire growth cycle, apple saplings should be watered before sprouting and before freezing. In the later period, water needs to be properly controlled to prevent stripping. For fruit trees that bear fruit, focus on watering before budding, after flowers fall, during fruit expansion, and before freezing. At the same time, during the rainy season, drainage work must be done to prevent water accumulation in the orchard.

6. Fine pruning

The basic principles of pruning fruit trees are: pruning based on the tree and shaping according to the branches. The pruning technology of apple trees is mainly a high-light-efficiency tree shape transformation technology. Pruning of saplings should focus on cultivating the shape of the tree while also taking into account the results. For fruit trees in the early fruiting stage, pruning should continue to improve the shape, expand the crown of the tree as much as possible, and cultivate more fruiting branches as much as possible. Pruning of trees during the fruiting period is to adjust vegetative and reproductive growth and prevent canopy closure. For round-headed closed trees, it is recommended to use high-light-efficiency tree-shaping transformation technology to open up the light path and achieve a ventilated and light-transmitting state.

7. Artificial pollination

In the high-yield cultivation of apple trees, artificial pollination is required. If conditions permit, you can install pollination trees, select varieties with large pollen and strong affinity, and perform artificial pollination or release bees in the orchard when the central flower blooms. At the same time, during the apple flowering period, spraying 0.2% borax and 0.3% urea can effectively increase the apple fruit setting rate.

8. Thinning flowers and fruits

The requirements for thinning apple flowers and fruits must be "early" in time. Generally, one inflorescence should be retained every 20 centimeters, and all excess inflorescences should be thinned out. Then all the edge flowers should be thinned out from the remaining inflorescences, leaving only the central flower. Of course, you can leave 15-20 fruits per square meter of crown, or one single fruit for every 50-60 leaves. Special attention should be paid to strictly controlling the amount of remaining fruit according to tree age, tree vigor and yield indicators.

9. Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases

Because apples are eaten directly, the prevention and control of apple diseases and pests should focus on prevention and improve the fruit tree's own resistance to pests and diseases. When apple tree diseases and insect pests occur, physical control should be the main method, supplemented by pesticides.

At the same time, attention should be paid to the protection of natural enemies of pests in orchards, such as making full use of predatory mites, mite-eating scoops, etc. to prevent the harm of spider mites to apple trees. At the same time, sex attractants can be used to trap and kill golden moths, and frequency vibration lamps can be used to trap and kill phototactic pests.

When necessary, pesticides can be selected for disease control, but try to choose pesticides with low toxicity and low residue. And it should be noted that the use of pesticides is prohibited within 7 days before picking.

10. Coping with bad weather

Bad weather conditions are beyond our control, but we can take measures to deal with them. For example, during periods of high temperature and drought, water fruit trees in time; during periods of low temperature, wheat straw can be burned to prevent freezing.

Conclusion: In order to obtain high economic benefits, fruit farmers need to adopt high-yield cultivation techniques. The application of high-yield cultivation technology has indeed promoted the development of agricultural economy. Therefore, when planting apples, effectively combining high-yield cultivation techniques and scientifically and rationally planting large-scale apple trees can achieve high yields of high-quality apples.

Apple tree