Combat vessels detailed data collection

Combat ship is the most important and basic part of many naval weapons and equipment, and it is also the most iconic carrier platform of naval equipment. Naval warships can be divided into two categories: surface warships and submarines. A warship with a displacement of 500 tons or more is called a warship, and a boat with a displacement of less than 500 tons is called a boat. Regardless of the displacement, submarines are collectively called boats.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: combat vessels mbth: combat vessels Classification? The function of surface warships and submarines: the importance of naval weapons and equipment: introduction, classification and development prospect, safeguarding national sovereignty and economic construction. The warship is the most important and basic part of many naval weapons and equipment, and it is also the most iconic aircraft carrier platform of naval equipment. They can patrol and guard their own waters to defend the country's coastal defense and the development of marine resources. The mighty fleet can also sail freely on the high seas, study the mysteries of every corner of the high seas and explore the Antarctic continent and the Arctic region. The naval fleet can also pay friendly visits to other countries on the other side of the ocean, enhance bilateral friendship, and show its military strength and national prestige. Once the war breaks out, a powerful maritime fleet can wipe out the enemy outside the waterline, defend the country's territorial sea and territorial integrity, and defend national sovereignty and economic construction. Classification of naval warships can be divided into two categories: surface warships and submarines. A warship with a displacement of 500 tons or more is called a warship, and a boat with a displacement of less than 500 tons is called a boat. Regardless of the displacement, submarines are collectively called boats. Among them, surface combat ships include: aircraft carriers, cruise ships, destroyers, escort ships, torpedo boats and hunting submarines; Submarine includes strategic missile submarine and attack ship. 1. Aircraft carrier The aircraft carrier is a large warship as the activity base of naval carrier aircraft, commonly known as "floating airport at sea". The main purpose of an aircraft carrier is to form a naval ocean fleet, carry out mobile operations at sea, attack surface, underwater, air and shore targets with various weapons of its carrier-based aircraft, and support other forces in fighting. Aircraft carrier is the most powerful type of modern navy to carry out "three-dimensional operations" and the formation core of modern large fleet. Modern aircraft carriers can be divided into three types according to their combat tasks and main uses: heavy attack aircraft carriers, light escort aircraft carriers and anti-submarine aircraft carriers. Heavy attack aircraft carriers can carry out air strikes on enemy ships at sea and bases and attack enemy land targets; Its carrier aircraft can also undertake the air defense and anti-submarine missions of the fleet. Light escort carrier is a small aircraft carrier, whose main task is to ensure the safety of the fleet at sea. During the battle, he carried out air defense and anti-submarine defense, and served as a reconnaissance and escort mission; It can also carry out air attacks on enemy ships and targets on land, and support registered troops to fight. Anti-submarine aircraft carrier is a new type of aircraft carrier after the Second World War. Its main combat mission is to search and destroy enemy submarines. The main weapon is the anti-submarine helicopter, which shows that the anti-submarine aircraft carrier is actually a helicopter carrier. The huge hull and frequent electronic signals make the aircraft carrier the most striking and easily found target of the enemy. In addition to its powerful attack and protection capabilities, an aircraft carrier cannot act alone. It must be composed of cruisers and destroyers, and then form an aircraft carrier battle group. The world-famous aircraft carriers are: Nimitz of the United States, Invincible of Britain, Kuznetsov of Russia and Charles de Gaulle of France. Second, cruisers Many people regard the Clippers as the originator of cruisers. 19 before the 1960s, some maritime military powers were generally equipped with three gunboats. This type of gunboat is generally equipped with 40 ~ 50 guns and adopts a wooden hull. Starting from 1844, the Royal Navy began to manufacture iron-shell three-gun gunboats. But at that time, the quality of iron did not pass the standard, so the three-masted iron gunboat had to stop. 1859, the French learned from the war experience and built the first armored cruiser "Glory". Since the beginning of the 20th century, naval powers have been competing to develop large and high-speed cruisers. By the time of the first world war. The tonnage and speed of cruisers have greatly increased, and the caliber of artillery has also increased. For example, the "Hawkins" cruiser built in Britain 19 16 has a displacement of 9,800 tons, a maximum speed of 30 knots, and is equipped with 7 guns190mm. This type of ship became the pioneer of modern heavy cruisers. Before the outbreak of World War II, the development and construction of cruisers in various countries entered a new stage. Cruisers, especially heavy cruisers, have further increased their displacement and speed. World-famous cruisers include Ticonderoga class guided missile cruisers in the United States and Kirov class guided missile cruisers in Russia. Third, destroyers in the navies of many countries have a surface warship with a full displacement of 3000 ~ 8500 tons and a speed of 30 ~ 50 knots, which constitutes one of the backbone forces of fleet operations. It is called "the generalist of naval warfare". Destroyer is a medium-sized surface ship with the ability to fight against sea (shore), air and submarine. It has the remarkable characteristics of strong comprehensive combat capability, high speed, great endurance, good seaworthiness, strong survivability and many uses. Destroyers can perform various combat missions in the COSCO Sea alone or in cooperation with other forces. Due to the different national conditions of navies in different countries, such as strategy, mission, scale and strength, destroyers in different countries and even destroyers of different levels in the same country are different because of different mission priorities. Therefore, destroyers can be divided into four types according to the emphasis of the equipped weapons: anti-submarine, air defense, sea-facing and multi-purpose (general). World-famous destroyers include: Russian destroyer Chabanenko, American DD-2 1 all-electric propulsion stealth destroyer, American Alibok class destroyer and Japanese King Kong class destroyer. Fourth, frigates in the naval fleets of countries around the world, there is a kind of ship that is known as the "guardian of the sea." It is a frigate with the largest number of countries participating in the war, the widest distribution and the most opportunities to participate in the war. Because of its relatively low cost, short construction period and easy maintenance, frigates are especially favored by navies of various countries, especially small and medium-sized countries. Almost all naval fleets are equipped with frigates, which have become the backbone of naval fleets in small and medium-sized countries. According to Webster, a famous British lexicographer, the name frigate means a sail-paddle warship equipped with artillery. Up to now, it has become a light surface warship with missiles, naval guns and anti-submarine torpedoes as its main weapons, which is mainly used for fleet escort, anti-submarine, patrol, vigilance, reconnaissance and support for amphibious landing operations. World-famous escort ships include: British Duke class anti-submarine frigate, European Aegis -F- 100 frigate, French lafayette class frigate and American Perry class frigate. V. Submarines Submarines, as the name implies, are ships that can dive into the water and fight. As one of the important naval vessels, submarine has good concealment, great power, strong endurance and strong assault capability. It is mainly used to attack large and medium-sized surface ships and submarines, attack enemy coastal facilities and important targets on land, and land mines, reconnaissance and transportation reconnaissance teams. World-famous submarines include: American Sea Wolf-class nuclear-powered attack submarine, Russian Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine, American Captain Hundred-class nuclear-powered attack submarine and Russian Oscar-class nuclear-powered guided missile submarine. The development prospect focuses on the development of destroyers and frigates, which can be used for single-ship operations, coordinated formation and joint operations of the three armed forces. Destroyers are developing towards large-scale and stealth. Aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ship will continue to develop superpowers, such as the United States, to develop large aircraft carriers as powerful attack force (VTOL aircraft and subsonic light aircraft are also considering diversifying the tonnage and ship types of aircraft carriers), medium-sized countries such as France will develop medium-sized aircraft carriers, while small and medium-sized countries will develop light aircraft carriers or multi-purpose amphibious assault ship. Short takeoff and landing aircraft, helicopters and drones have been further developed. High-speed stealth missile boats will be developed. Russia will develop supersonic missile boats and stealth missile boats. For combat systems, strengthening information work to gain the advantages of information warfare will be as important as the advantages of surface warfare, underwater warfare and air defense warfare. From platform-centric warfare to network-centric warfare, a unified network of information transmission, information detection, operational command and coordinated operations has been formed, and the command structure has changed from pagoda to flat. Warships will transition from point defense to formation area defense. The warship information system (communication, detection, electronic warfare) realizes networking and integration, carries out information fusion of various information sources, realizes information sharing within the formation, and forms the cooperative combat capability inside and outside the formation. Develop external detection of warships (reconnaissance satellites, early warning aircraft, etc.). ) and target location technology (data fusion and automatic target recognition). Satellite communication and optical fiber communication are applied to meet the demand of increasing network bandwidth and wiring. Weapons are guided, and weapons are developing in the direction of precision strike. Cruise missiles, ship-to-ship missiles, ship-to-air missiles, guided artillery shells, guided torpedoes, helicopters and drones with missiles and guided torpedoes, and laser weapons were installed to accurately strike the enemy. Universal vertical launch system with high launch efficiency and convenient arrangement on board will be given priority. When the range of ship-borne radar increases (using over-the-horizon radar), the range and flight speed of ship-to-ship missile increase and the flight altitude decreases. Cruise missiles will become the first choice for land attack. Large caliber guns use guided projectiles. Improve the performance of phased array radar and air-to-air missile system. Sea-based theater air defense missile system will be a new topic in theater (including warships) in 2 1 century. Short-range missile systems and fast multi-barrel artillery systems with anti-missile capabilities will continue to be used. Active low-frequency (below 1 000 Hz) high-power towed array sonar will be developed. Sonar needs to be equipped with sonar signal comprehensive processing and management equipment considering environmental data. Ship-borne and airborne underwater acoustic detection and anti-submarine weapon systems closely cooperate with anti-submarine. As a platform for surveillance, communication, target location and weapon guidance, UAV can play an important role in naval warfare, and its development direction is to increase endurance, combat capability and enhance vitality. The UAV is equipped with radar, photoelectric sensor and navigation equipment. It can detect and monitor enemy targets and transmit information to warships through data links. Drones loaded with missiles and bombs can attack enemy ships and carry out anti-radiation attacks on enemy radars. Unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned remote control launchers are equipped with electronic jamming equipment, which can conduct electronic jamming and electronic attacks on the enemy. Development of Electronic Countermeasure and Underwater Acoustic Countermeasure Radar, laser, infrared, communication and underwater acoustic countermeasure are integrated to form an integrated electronic warfare system. Airborne reconnaissance equipment, off-board ground reconnaissance station, electronic reconnaissance plane, unmanned aerial vehicle, reconnaissance ship and reconnaissance satellite constitute an integrated reconnaissance system. Active jamming adopts phased array technology, which can counter multiple targets simultaneously. Passive jamming develops compound decoy. There is no preparation to install communication reconnaissance and communication countermeasures equipment. Install new electronic attack equipment such as microwave (ultra-wideband RF pulse signal) weapons, laser weapons, anti-radiation missiles and anti-radiation drones. Underwater acoustic countermeasure will improve the torpedo early warning performance of sonar, and the underwater acoustic countermeasure equipment such as towing or launching bait on board will be improved. The information system equipment is equipped with defense software and encryption system, and the hardware is strengthened to resist electronic attacks. Enhance stealth and survivability The stealth of physical fields such as radar wave reflection characteristics, electromagnetic characteristics, acoustic characteristics and infrared characteristics should be good. Using new materials (which can control the absorption, reflection and emission of electromagnetic signals) and modeling objects are the main methods to control and reduce the characteristics of radar signals. Establishing a computer model of the correlation between electromagnetic waves and objects (the target signal characteristics are determined by the platform's response to incident electromagnetic energy) is a powerful tool for stealth platform design, which can reduce the number of experiments. The shape of the ship will seek the structural form with the smallest reflection area on radar waves, and the deck will be clean. A combined stealth mast (including radar antenna) will be used, and weapons and lifeboats will be recovered into the hull or equipped with stealth shells. Superstructures and hull structures of ships will seek to replace steel or aluminum with affordable refractory composite materials. The ship will adopt a new power propulsion system to reduce infrared radiation and mechanical noise, and the propeller will adopt new technologies such as underwater noise reduction to reduce underwater noise. The ship's power machinery, such as gas turbines and diesel generator sets, are equipped with double-layer isolation and sound insulation covers to achieve the purpose of vibration and noise reduction. In order to reduce the losses of Japanese warships in combat, we must focus on improving the survivability in the combat environment.