Computer English vocabulary

Common hardware names and device names

CPU: Central processing unit, also known as CPU or microprocessor, is called the heart of computer.

RAM: random access memory, random access memory, which is often referred to as "memory".

ROM: read-only memory, read-only memory.

Expand data output, expand data output. With the improvement of CPU processing speed, the data transmission speed of DRAM needs to be improved accordingly. Generally speaking, the data transmission speed of FPM (Fast Page Mode) DRAM is 60-70 nanoseconds, while the data transmission speed of Edo DRAM is three times faster than FPM, reaching 20 nanoseconds. At present, SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) is the fastest, and its access speed is as high as 10ns.

SDRAM: synchronous dynamic random access memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, also called synchronous dram, is a new generation of dynamic memory. It can use the same clock as the CPU bus, so compared with EDO memory, SDRAM memory can greatly improve the performance of the computer.

Cache: It means "cellar" in English. Store grain, equipment, etc. ); Artifact office. " Computer is a kind of cache memory, which is located between CPU and main memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). It is a small but high-speed memory, usually composed of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

CMOS: It is the abbreviation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor, which means complementary metal oxide semiconductor (referred to as complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory). CMOS is a battery-powered memory (RAM) used in most computers at present. It is an important tool to determine the hardware configuration of the system, optimize the overall performance of the microcomputer and maintain the system. It saves some information about the system hardware settings, which will continue to exist after shutdown (this is completely different from RAM). When the computer starts, it needs this information to start the system. If the information retained in CMOS is confused due to carelessness or accident, the computer system will not start normally.

PCI: Peripheral component interconnection, local bus (bus is a high-speed channel used by computers to transmit information from one device to another). PCI bus is an advanced bus structure at present, and its function has been greatly improved compared with other buses. It can support burst read and write operations, and the highest transmission rate can reach 132Mbps. It is one of the buses with the fastest data transmission speed, and can support multiple groups of peripheral devices at the same time. PCI is not limited by CPU processor and can be compatible with existing buses. The motherboard slot is small, the cost is low, and it is beneficial to popularization.

Seagate: American Seagate hard disk manufacturer. Seagate means "the gateway to the sea" in English, and usually refers to the canal leading to the sea.

Quantum: It means "quantity" in English. The famous hard disk trademark, Quantum Company.

Maituo: "Crystal", American Maituo Hard Disk Company.

Ld: Laser disc, laser video disc, also known as laser video disc.

Cd: CD, CD, also known as compact disc.

CD: CD-ROM, CD-ROM (storage), also known as "CD-ROM".

VCD: video disc, video disc, usually called "mini DVD".

DVD: Up to now, many people regard DVD as the abbreviation of digital video disc. In fact, since September 1995, Sony/Philips and Toshiba/time warner Inc. reached a unified standard for DVD, the connotation of DVD has changed a lot, and it has become the English abbreviation of digital versatile disc. Multi-purpose "universal" shows the diversification of DVD uses, not only for film and television entertainment, but also for multimedia computers and other fields. At present, it can be divided into five types according to the purpose: 1? DVD-ROM； for computer; 2? Home audio-visual CD-DVD- movie; 3? DVD audio; Used for music appreciation; 4? Write CD-rom-DVD-r once; 5? DVD-RAM, a CD that can be read and written many times.

Modem: Modem is an essential tool for home computers to surf the Internet, which cannot be found in ordinary English-Chinese dictionaries. It is the abbreviation of modulator and demodulator. Modem is an indispensable external device to realize computer communication. Because the data of a computer is a digital signal, it is necessary to convert the digital signal into an analog signal (modulation signal) suitable for transmission, so as to transmit it to another computer or other terminal (such as teletypewriter) in a long distance through a transmission line (such as a telephone line). At the receiving end, it is necessary to restore the received analog signal to the original digital signal, which requires the use of a modem.

UPS: abbreviation for uninterruptible power supply. It appeared with the birth of the computer, and it is one of the important peripheral devices of the computer. UPS is a constant-voltage and constant-frequency uninterrupted power supply with energy storage device and inverter as the main components, which is used to protect the computer from losing important data in case of sudden power failure.

TFT: Active matrix color display, referred to as TFT display, is specially used for notebook computers. TFT display screen has the advantages of fast refresh speed, bright color and high brightness. In addition, it also has the necessary characteristics of "green computer" such as no flicker, no radiation and no static electricity.

Third, famous software products.

Disk operating system. Speaking of DOS, anyone with a little computer knowledge will know something about it. The main function of DOS is to manage the hardware and software resources of the computer, which is convenient for users to operate the computer. Using DOS to operate a computer requires users to remember a large number of commands and their correct formats, which is difficult to learn. The appearance of Windows (Microsoft Windows Operating System) marks the end of DOS era and the arrival of graphic operation computer era.

Windows: In the general English dictionary, it is found that Windows means "window". Window refers to the mainstream "Windows operating system" of Microsoft's famous new generation computer. It controls the computer by selecting some graphic icons, windows and menus, which greatly facilitates users. Windows Windows operating system series products include Windows 3. 1, Windows 3.2 and Windows 95 (as this product was produced in 1995, it was named Windows 95, or it can be written as Win95. PWindows 95 refers to the Chinese version of Windows 95), and the latest products with more powerful functions are Windows 98 and Windows 2000. Windows 95 is one of the most famous and popular graphic operating systems.

Windows NT: Microsoft's famous network Windows operating system. NT is the abbreviation of new technology.

Operating system. It is a pure 32-bit operating system with excellent performance introduced by IBM. At the same time, it can also provide perfect DOS support, which is superior to Windows 95 in overall technology and is a strong competitor of Windows 95. Warp Warp in OS/2 means "bending" in English; Distortion "refers to the alias added by IBM for its new generation operating system OS/2. Qu Pu is Frankenstein in the famous American sci-fi movie Star Wars. Comparing this software with Frankenstein in Star Wars not only gives people a feeling of surprise, but also hopes that users will transfer their fond memories of Star Wars to OS/2 software.

UNIX: multi-user operating system.

UCDOS: A Chinese disk operating integrated system developed by Beijing Hope Computer Company is the most widely used and widely used Chinese platform.

1989 WPS:Word Processing System, a Chinese character processing system based on DOS platform developed by Hong Kong Jinsheng Company, quickly occupied the market with its advantages of easy learning, practicality and convenience. In moderns of WPS in the past, when people in China mentioned computers, they would associate them with WPS, which was really "saying that computers must mention WPS". WPS once became synonymous with Chinese word processing software. In recent years, WPS is the designated content of the word processing exam in the National Computer Level 1 Examination.

WPS97: Word processing system, a word processing system produced by Zhuhai Golden Sun Company, was named WPS97 because it was listed in 1997. It is an upgraded product of WPS, which can be used in UCDOS, Windows 3? Word processing software in Chinese environment such as X and Windows 95. It integrates WPS, electronic dictionary, Founder proofreading system, multi-internal code conversion, bar code making and other functions. It supports the word processing mode of what you see is what you get, while retaining the original text editing mode. It is a set of super office software with illustrations and powerful functions.

Office 97:Office means "office". This refers to Microsoft's advanced office integration software, which was produced in 1997, so it was named Office97. Office 97 includes Word 97 (word processing software), Excel 97 (spreadsheet processing software), PowerPoint 97 (electronic slide show software) and Outlook97 (personal affairs management software integrating schedule management and e-mail information exchange).

Word 97: Word means "word" in English. Word 97 refers to Microsoft advanced word processing software. Its series products include Word 5.0, Word 6.0 and Word 7.0.

Excel 97:Excel means "better than" in English. Excel 97 is a spreadsheet software in Microsoft Office 97 software package. At first, spreadsheets were only used as electronic versions of financial statements, that is, financial statements in computers were used to replace printed financial statements, and simple arithmetic operations could be performed on a row or a column of data in the tables. Microsoft Excel 97 is recognized as the most powerful, technologically advanced and convenient spreadsheet software.

Lotus 1-2-3: Lotus means "Lotus". Lotus 1-2-3 is an integrated software launched by American Lotus Company in Windows environment. It combines the common functions of spreadsheet, word processing, database, graphics software and file management into one system, and can transfer and call information to each other.

PhotoShop: Through photos and shops (shops; Factory), it can be seen that Photoshop is a "photo processing factory". It is the most popular image editing software produced by Adobe Company in the United States. It runs on Apple computers and Windows-based computers, enabling people to edit paintings, artworks and pictures scanned on disk. In addition, Photoshop also provides tools similar to drawing on paper, which can be used to create naturalistic pictures like watercolors and oil paintings.

CorelDraw: It is a powerful comprehensive painting software, which is used by many professional computer art designers to make all kinds of illustrated desktop prints, such as invitations, briefings, promotional materials, posters and advertisements. You can draw anything with CorelDraw: from technical drawings such as business district maps and mechanical structure assembly drawings to computer art works such as cartoons and monsters, CorelDraw can do almost anything. The graphics and characters it creates have the characteristics of smooth lines and clear wheels.

Authorware: composed of author (creator of writer) and commodity (commodity; Articles; Vessel) consists of two English words, as the name implies, "a tool used by writers to create goods". It is a multimedia system production tool developed by American Macromedia Company. It has a professional version and a learning version (Authorware Star) in the Windows environment. Authorware is an icon-oriented multimedia production tool, which makes it possible for non-professionals to develop multimedia software quickly, and its powerful functions are amazing. It does not need traditional computer language programming, but only needs to edit some activity flow charts that control the direction of the program by calling icons, and can achieve the purpose of making multimedia software by collecting various multimedia project data such as words, graphics, sounds, animations and videos. Authorware's main feature is that it replaces the traditional computer language programming and editing flowchart with calling icons. Its main function is still: 1? The software has powerful interactive function and can control the program flow at will. 2? In man-machine conversation, it provides a variety of response methods, such as pressing buttons, pressing the mouse and limiting time. 3? It also provides many system variables and functions to perform specific functions according to the user's response. 4? Compiled software can not only run in its integrated environment, but also be compiled into extensions? EXE file, running outside the Authorware production environment under Windows system.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions: English means "wise man, sage and philosopher". Computer English refers to the large-scale high-performance relational database system software developed by Oracle Bone Inscriptions Company. Among many database systems, such as DB2 database of IBM company and Sybase database of Sybase company, only Oracle database system is widely praised for its excellent and stable performance, reliable security, strong networking ability and rich and rapid development tools. Therefore, it has always accounted for more than 40% of global database sales, and has always been in the leading position in the database industry. It won almost all awards in numerous evaluations, and was praised as "the giant of database industry" by PC MAGAZINE, the most famous computer review magazine in the United States. In China, with the development of computer technology, Oracle database has been widely used and popularized.

Personal computer tools. It is a computer maintenance tool exported by Central Point Software Company of the United States, which integrates file management and disk management, simplifies and strengthens conventional applications, and is a set of multifunctional practical software. Using PCTools can replace many commands of DOS. Compared with DOS, its operation is easier, more intuitive and simpler, and it is a common tool software for computers.

NU: short for Norton Company. Norton is a famous computer expert. Utility in English means "utility". This refers to the personal computer tool software written by Mr. Norton to solve the problems existing in DOS system. Its plural form can be regarded as a personal computer tool software. NU is a powerful and popular computer maintenance tool after PCTools. Ordinary users can use NDD (Norton Disk Doctor), the most famous tool in NU, to solve most disk problems. Professionals can use the flexible and powerful DiskEdit tool to solve the problem of professional data maintenance.

CSC: Smart Software Company, "Smart Software Company". This is a set of computer tutoring software developed by Beijing Kelihua Education Software Company.

PC: Personal computer, personal computer, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.

NC: network computer.

Multimedia personal computer.

MMX is the abbreviation of multimedia extension, which is an important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip. MMX technology adds 57 instructions specially designed for video signal, audio signal and graphic operation to CPU, so MMX CPU greatly improves the multimedia processing functions of computer (such as stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc.). ).

Intel Pentium 166 MHz mmxtm: Intel Pentium is a Pentium CPU produced by Intel Corporation. ? It means "registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, and MHz is the abbreviation of megahertz. TM in MMXTM is the abbreviation of "Trade Mark", which means "registered trademark".

OOP: object-oriented programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is a collection of data or a group of data and the methods and processes for processing these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional process-oriented programming, which greatly reduces the difficulty of software development and makes programming as simple as building blocks. This is an irresistible trend of computer programming today.

28VGA: 28 refers to the yellow dot spacing (dot spacing) on a color display. The smaller the point spacing, the finer and better the image. This is because each pixel on the color screen is composed of a set of red, green and blue light. Because three beams of light can't converge on one point technically, there will be a yellow dot spacing. VGA is the abbreviation of video graphics array.

FAT: allocation table, file allocation table, whose function is to record information about how files are scattered and stored in different sectors on the hard disk.

EPA: the abbreviation of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992, the EPA announced the "Energy Star" program, which received a positive response from the international community. As long as you start the computer, you can see the "Energy Star" sign on the screen in a few seconds. The goal of Energy Star is to automatically enter a low-power state when all components of the computer system are inactive and when the initiative of the components is restored (that is, when the keyboard, mouse, etc. are restored). Is used), the computer system will automatically return to the fully awake state. For products that meet the specifications of ENERGY STAR, EPA will issue the ENERGY STAR logo "EPA anti-pollution products", which means "anti-pollution and energy-saving products approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency".

IC card: smart card, smart card.

ATX: A new structural specification for computer chassis, motherboard and power supply.

IDE: Integrated circuit device or smart disk device.

Dynamic link library, dynamic link library.

Kb: kilobytes, and KB stands for kilobytes. K=Kilo, combined form, meaning "thousand; Kilometer; Kilogram; Kilometers. " B=Byte, which means "byte", is the smallest storage unit in a computer (one byte can store one English letter and every two bytes can store one Chinese character).

MB: megabyte, MB stands for megabyte. M=Mega, a combination form, which means "trillion; Millions. "

Gb: gigabyte, and GB stands for gigabyte. G=Giga, a word-forming component, meaning auspicious; Billion. "

Cai: computer-aided teaching or computer-aided teaching, computer-aided teaching. It will be the most important and popular teaching method in 2 1 century.

CAD: Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design.

Iso: international organization for standards. ISO introduced ISO 9000 series international standards for quality management and quality assurance in 1987, and issued revised standards in 1994. Among them, the main standards that constitute ISO 9000 series standards are: 1. т 9000-1:19940 Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards-Part I: Guide to Selection and Use: 2. т 9001:1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Model for Design, Development, Production, Installation and Service". 3. Mu O 9002: 1994 "Quality System-Quality Assurance Mode of Final Inspection and Test".

3DS or 3D studio: 3D studio, a 3D studio. It is a set of multifunctional 3D animation software which integrates solid modeling, static coloring and animation creation, and has greatly popularized 3D modeling technology. It can exchange graphic information with AutoCAD, use scanner to input graphics, and output animation to TV or video tape through VGA and TV conversion interface.

VR: Virtual reality, also known as 3D, evolved from the Air Force flight simulator. Basically, it uses the principle of alternating left and right visual spaces to display images to produce stereoscopic effects. In fact, it has gone beyond the scope of image processing, and it is a computer-generated environment that integrates light, sound and images. People can interact with objects in the virtual environment as in real life, and the application prospect of virtual reality is extremely broad.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR): abbreviation of optical character recognition, which refers to inputting text materials into computer image files through a scanner, recognizing them as Chinese or English internal codes by software, and then processing them. Because of the randomness of handwriting, OCR is mainly limited to the recognition of printed characters at present. At present, TH-OCR NT for Windows produced by Tsinghua Wentong Company represents the highest accuracy of Chinese OCR recognition.

SCSI: Small computer system interface, which seems to solve many connection problems between external devices and computers.

OEM: original equipment manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer.

Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the microcomputer, including Windows98, Windows NT, WorkStation and Windows3. X and MS-DOS.

Management information system. It is widely used in all walks of life. The most famous management information systems in China are Wangte Management Information System, Yaqi Management Information System and Swift Management Information System.

PNP: Plug and play, plug and play, which is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play refers to the technology that the operating system automatically sets the system structure when installing peripheral devices such as PC cards conforming to PNP standards into the computer. That is, when users install new hardware, they don't need to set any jumper switches, and they don't need to configure interrupt request (IRQ), memory address or direct memory access (DMA) channel with software. Windows98 will inform the application of new changes in hardware devices and automatically coordinate conflicts among IRQ, memory address and DMA channel.

OLE: object linking and embedding, object linking and embedding, referred to as OLE technology. OLE is not only the integration of desktop applications, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications to "connect" with each other as software "objects" (functions of data collection and data manipulation). This connection mechanism and protocol is called component object model, or COM for short. OLE can be used to create compound document. Compound document contains applications created from different sources and different types of data, so it can combine words, sounds, images and tables.

Midi: musical instrument digital interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. MIDI files are played and recorded by electronic instruments such as electronic organ, guitar and saxophone. It can be played on most multimedia computer sound cards. Even if you don't create your own MIDI file, you can use the existing MIDI file as the background music of multimedia presentation. MIDI files only store the description of sound, and rely on the synthesizer of sound card (FM or waveform table) to generate the real sound that people want to hear.

MPEG: Short for Moving Picture Expert Group, which means "Moving Picture Expert Group". It is a compression coding standard for moving images and their accompanying sounds in multimedia computers, usually called MPEG standard. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video and MPEG system.

Internet: the abbreviation of InternetNet, the Internet, also known as the Internet. It was first produced in the advanced research program of the US Department of Defense, which is in 1969. Its original purpose was only to share the data of remote computers, and later it developed into an endless super-large network by connecting computers and computer networks all over the world. The main services of the Internet include: e-mail, Telnet, Finger, file transfer (FTP), document server (archiving), news forum (newsgroup), bulletin board system (BBS), newsgroup and World Wide Web (WWW for short).

BBS: bulletin board system, bulletin board system or bulletin board system, also known as public access message system, is a public access information system. This is the electronic version of the general bulletin board. Users can post messages through bulletin boards. Any user can read messages on the bulletin board and send messages to specific individuals or user groups. Bulletin board system is widely used to spread information. Looking up bulletin board system is usually faster and more effective than using interactive mailboxes or public postal systems to publish announcements.

E-mail: E-mail is an interactive service that uses the Internet to exchange text information. Internet users all over the world can send and receive emails.

WWW: abbreviation of World Wide Web, also known as World Wide Web. It is an information retrieval tool based on hypertext and provides a friendly information query interface. It is one of the most popular and advanced Internet retrieval tools at present.

Remote login: Remote login (registration) is an important means to realize resource sharing under the network environment. In this way, users can connect to any Internet host in the world.

Http: hypertext transfer protocol.

Ip: IP internet protocol, that is, internet protocol.

FTP: the abbreviation of transfer protocol, that is, file transfer protocol, is used to transfer files on the Internet. The task of FTP is to transfer files from one computer to another. People can get a lot of free practical software through FTP.

Gopher: Pronunciation/'g? Ufida? /,which means "gopher" in English; An edible turtle (burrowing in the southern United States). "It is a menu-driven information query software in the Internet, which can automatically convert users' requests into FTP (file transfer protocol) or Telnet (standard IP protocol for remote terminal connection) commands. Under the guidance of the menu, users can access the remote information system on the Internet.

Archive: Pronunciation/'a: kaiv/,"Archive; Archives ". Document servers in the Internet can automatically access many Internet FTP servers on a regular basis and index the files on these servers into a searchable database.

WAIS: abbreviation for wide area information service, wide area information server. It makes the huge data resources on the Internet easy to retrieve and can obtain information from remote databases.

Luisitserv: This is a popular way for users to exchange information on the Internet.

IRC: Internet relay chat, Internet relay chat. This is a multi-user chat tool that allows multiple users to chat with others in real time through text.

Hypertext: Hypertext. Originally used to indicate all hyperlinks, but also used to indicate text containing "links". This is a nonlinear information organization method. As a single element, text, graphics and other data can point (link) to other elements.

Hyperlink: Hyperlink. Links to other files, in which pictures, buttons, "hot words" or phrases can be used as hyperlinks. When the user selects a hyperlink, the information of the connection will be displayed.

Hypertext markup language. It was created by Tim Beemers Li Faming, an imaginative researcher at CERN. It is the universal language of the World Wide Web. The server of WWW World communicates with the client browser through it; Information resources are also described and "represented" by it, and HTML can describe the home page and static text. Tens of millions of people around the world are using the HTML language. It is no exaggeration to say that there would be no "WWW World" without HTML.

Hypermedia: Hypermedia. A computer-based method that transmits and displays information by using characters, graphics, animation, sound and video. These elements of hypermedia (such as words) can be linked with other files or treated as a single object.

Navigator: It is one of the Internet browser software produced by Netscape. Navigator means "navigator, ocean explorer" in English, which means that people can use this software to navigate and explore in the ocean of Internet. Navigator can not only browse the World Wide Web (WWW), but also has many functions, such as email, file transfer (FTP), Telnet, newsgroups and Gopher.

IE: Internet Explorer, which means "Explorer".

Attachment package interface

Boot directory file

BIF (boot image file)

Recordable optical disc

CD /xa (CD Extended Architecture)

CDRW (erasable optical disc).

CLV, constant linear velocity

Digital audio extraction

DDSS (dual power suspension system).

DDSS II (dual dynamic suspension system II, second generation double-deck dynamic suspension system)

Partially constant angular velocity

video compact disc (VCD)