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Hazard source identification and emergency management in wind farm construction

As my country's modernization process continues to accelerate, the demand for energy continues to grow. As a clean, environmentally friendly and renewable new energy source, wind energy has received unprecedented favor. According to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development" announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, my country's total installed wind power capacity will reach 10 million kilowatts by 2010, and is expected to reach 30 million kilowatts by 2020. The golden period for wind power development has already begun. The construction of "tens of millions of wind power energy bases" has begun across the country in provinces with natural conditions, such as Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and coastal Jiangsu. In the construction of wind farms, establishing an early warning mechanism for major construction safety hazards and improving the emergency rescue system for wind farm construction are necessary to implement the national "Work Safety Law" and the "Regulations on Safety Production Management of Construction Projects" of the State Council, improve and improve the construction of wind farms Construction safety management level is an important part of implementing safety production and emergency management. The author is fortunate to participate in my country's wind power construction team. This article combines the actual conditions of the project to conduct some preliminary discussions on the identification of hazard sources and emergency management of wind farms.

1. Introduction to wind farms. Wind farms are places where natural wind energy is converted into electrical energy. Wind farms are usually built on sites with abundant

wind resources. In our country Mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Jiangsu and other regions. Wind farms usually have the characteristics of remote geographical location, poor natural conditions, large area, and wide technical fields. Usually, a wind farm consists of wind turbine engineering, collection lines, booster stations, transmission lines, and expansion of opposite substations. A 50,000-kilowatt wind farm covers an area of ??about 10 to 20 km2 and usually consists of about 40 wind turbines. It requires the construction of 20 to 30 kilometers of power collection lines, a booster station covering an area of ??about 50 acres, and It consists of dozens of kilometers of power transmission lines and the expansion project of the opposite substation responsible for line access. During this long construction period, multiple teams were working at the same time, covering a wide range of areas and safety issues emerged. For the engineering safety management organization, a construction project is a major hazard source. Only by identifying the hazard sources of each sub-project, and establishing an accident emergency rescue system based on the hazard source identification, can effective emergency management be carried out. Only in this way can we truly achieve the goals of "safety first, prevention first" and "nip problems in the bud".

2. Identification of hazard sources in wind farms. The construction period of wind farms is usually 8 to 10 months. During this period, due to the long construction area and labor-intensive characteristics of wind farm construction, the construction period is usually The process is divided into three stages: basic construction, equipment installation, network organization and electrical commissioning. Each stage has different construction characteristics. According to the construction characteristics of different stages, hazard source identification is carried out in stages, and emergency plans are prepared in a targeted manner. In order to carry out more scientific and effective safety management.

2.1 Foundation construction stage In the foundation construction stage, each unit project mainly focuses on foundation surface construction. Foundation excavation and steel reinforcement are started in the wind turbine project, power distribution line, booster station, and opposite end expansion. Binding and concrete pouring work. The characteristic of this stage is that although the scope of work is large, the nature of the work is relatively consistent, the characteristics are outstanding, and it is easy to carry out homogeneous management. At this stage, the main risk sources are the collapse of earth and stone during various types of foundation excavation; metal cutting and welding during steel bar binding and the safety protection of various construction electrical equipment; formwork and support, material lifting, and scaffolding failure during foundation concrete construction. Collapse accidents caused by stability; and accidental injuries caused during the operation, maintenance, and assembly of construction engineering vehicles.

2.2 Equipment installation stage In the equipment installation stage, the work differences of each working surface begin to appear.

On the working surface of wind turbine engineering, wind turbine towers, nacelles, hubs, blades, and box transformers begin to be hoisted. The lifting hazards of large hoisting machinery, high-altitude falls during transportation, including the disassembly and assembly of large-tonnage cranes, and on-site moving accidents have become major Danger sources; at the booster station and the opposite end expansion site, the support structure began to be assembled, and the construction of auxiliary facilities began. During high-altitude operations, due to insufficient protective measures and personnel not wearing safety ropes, people fell into the air, slipped, Accidents such as instability, where personnel are hit by falling objects during cross-cutting operations on vertical working surfaces, and collapse accidents caused by instability of formwork and supports, material lifting, and scaffolding during construction are the main sources of danger at this stage; on centralized transmission lines, As the tower begins to be assembled, accidental injuries caused by lifting, climbing, and material stacking during the tower assembly process, as well as the metal cutting and drilling of the tower components and the safety protection of various construction electrical appliances, become the main sources of danger.

2.3 Network organization and electrical debugging stage

At this stage, each unit project begins to network and connect, establish clear construction demarcation points, and reasonably arrange the construction procedures and personnel at the demarcation points. The main means to prevent accidental liability injuries caused by unclear construction demarcation points. In the power distribution line project, mechanical damage caused by the direction and workmanship during the laying-out process, dragging and dropping wires, the use of safety belts and helmets when working at heights, and the safety protection facilities are not in place.

Injuries caused by falling objects from heights have become the main source of danger. The auxiliary facilities of the booster station have begun to be renovated, and the electrical and lifting hazards in the installation of auxiliary equipment cannot be underestimated. Electric shock injuries during electrical debugging of each unit project and accidental injuries from high-voltage equipment are also major sources of danger.

2.4 Other sources of danger

Wind farms are usually constructed in areas with abundant wind energy. Such areas are usually prone to extreme weather. Therefore, in the construction of wind farms, different types of hazards are required. Extreme weather that may occur due to seasonal characteristics must also be actively dealt with. It is very important to protect against wind, sand, heavy rain, lightning, frost and fire in the wild.

3. Safety emergency management in wind farm construction. Emergency management refers to the prevention of social, natural, engineering and technical emergencies in advance, and the establishment of necessary response mechanisms during the incident response and aftermath management processes. , take a series of countermeasures to ensure the safety of people, machines and materials. In the construction of wind farms, since wind farms are usually geographically remote, have low population density, have a high probability of extreme severe weather, and have a lot of large-scale engineering equipment, the management of extreme weather and engineering emergencies is mainly carried out by the guarantor, The safety status of machines and objects. Based on our analysis of wind farm characteristics and hazard sources at different stages, we formulate corresponding emergency plans for different seasons and different work stages, highlighting the characteristics of wind power construction in emergency management, and fully embodying "prevention first, constant preparedness" emergency thinking to ensure the safe progress of construction.

3.1 Prevention in emergency management mainly refers to preventing the occurrence of accidents through safety management and safety technology, or reducing or slowing down the impact of accidents through preventive measures taken in advance. or the severity of the consequences. During the construction process of the wind farm, safety education for the construction unit personnel of each unit is one of the main means to prevent accidents. Safety education should be carried out throughout the construction cycle of the power plant, targeting different construction stages and different construction teams. , combined with the identification of hazard sources and seasonal characteristics at each stage, use promotional materials, promotional videos, safety Q&A, centralized lectures and other forms to educate power plant construction personnel to enhance the construction personnel's and self-protection capabilities under harsh weather conditions. Improve the equipment of safety equipment, punish units that are not equipped with safety equipment, and educate, warn and punish those who do not use safety equipment or cannot use it correctly. Due to the large operating area and many operating points of the wind farm, barriers, warning signs and obvious signs must be set up at all operating points. Strengthen safety inspections at field construction sites, and minimize nighttime construction on field construction surfaces. If work surfaces that require nighttime construction must be registered, sufficient lighting must be ensured and the whole process must be monitored by safety officers.

3.2 Preparation

Emergency preparation is an extremely critical process in the emergency management process. It is made in advance to carry out emergency actions quickly and effectively in response to possible accidents. Various preparations. Establish an accident emergency leadership group on the basis of the safety committee, establish an accident emergency command system, and formulate accident emergency plans based on the characteristics of hazard sources at different work stages. At wind farm construction sites, due to the characteristics of large sites, sparsely populated areas, and long operating fronts, communication and traffic support in emergency preparedness have become key points in realizing accident emergency plans. At the scene, a mode of simultaneous operation of multiple communication systems should be established. Usually four communication systems, GSM, CDMA, landline, and dedicated radio stations, are used simultaneously as mutual backups. A dedicated emergency response landline should be set up and the phone number should be published. ; Safety officers are equipped with GSM/CDMA dual-mode mobile phones and walkie-talkies. The heads of each work team use mobile phones and walkie-talkies as backup modes for each other to establish a more reliable communication guarantee. In terms of traffic support, a mutual backup model of dedicated support vehicles and unified command of all construction sites is adopted. Special support vehicles are equipped with dedicated drivers and must not be mobilized without authorization for other reasons; all engineering vehicles must first be covered by the above-mentioned communication system to facilitate dispatching in emergency situations and cope with possible traffic relays. With the guarantee of communication and transportation, we will conduct drills on pre-formulated accident emergency plans, improve the plans based on the drills, and do various emergency preparations.

3.3 Response and recovery

Emergency response is to take emergency and rescue actions immediately after an accident occurs, and implement an accident emergency plan that has been drilled. And restore the affected area to a safe state immediately after the accident, and gradually return to normal conditions. In the construction of wind farms, due to the many working points and long lines, the site is usually sealed after an accident occurs. The cause of the accident is fully studied and corresponding countermeasures are formulated before the site is opened and construction can be resumed while ensuring safety.

4 Conclusion

As our country is making great strides towards modernization, large-scale engineering construction is in full swing on all fronts. At the same time, engineering safety issues have also been emphasized by the country. Attaching great importance to this, the State Council designated 2009 as the "Year of Safety Production" and set the theme of Safety Production Month as "Care for Life, Safe Development". The narrative in this article combines the author's personal experience in safety management in wind farm construction. I hope it can provide some reference for millions of colleagues and contribute to the safety building of "people-oriented, safety first".