What to do in the off-season for dry cleaners, how to survive the off-season for dry cleaners

The profits of dry cleaners are still very considerable. Because of today's fast-paced living habits, more and more people are sending their clothes to dry cleaners to save time.

But when opening a dry cleaning shop, the profit of each dry cleaning shop is different. When opening a dry cleaning shop, everyone hopes that their dry cleaning shop will be the most profitable, the most reputable and the one with a steady stream of business. Let an editor share with you his thoughts on opening a dry cleaning shop.

As we all know, this is the age of technology, so if you want to open a dry cleaning shop with huge profits, you must first join a strong dry cleaning shop. The key is to follow the trend of today's technology era.

Aobeisen is the first choice for dry cleaners. Aobeisen smart dry cleaning combines traditional dry cleaning with technology to achieve unified online and offline operations. The technology-based dry cleaners have an online radius of five kilometers and a business district It is widely used, and its operation on major platforms also facilitates communication between customers, allowing those old customers to drive new customers and achieve secondary profits.

Invest about 30,000 yuan in equipment and open a high-tech dry cleaning shop. The cost is not high. If you want to open a dry cleaning shop with considerable profits, you will need to spend a lot of time renovating the offline physical store, because it is the only best way. Intuitively convey store information to customers.

Aubeson Intelligent Dry Cleaning is the strongest in terms of store decoration. Offline technology stores can also be identified, attracting customers' attention, making people can't help but come in and watch. , retain customers.

Compared with the traditional business model, such smart dry cleaning attracts more people and achieves higher profits, because the income of an Aubeson technology dry cleaning store is comparable to that of multiple traditional dry cleaning stores. shop.

Although traditional dry cleaners have stable customers, the market is relatively single, so their income is less than that of high-tech dry cleaners. The second step is to choose a suitable business model, adopt a multi-channel business model, and have intelligent robots to welcome guests, ensuring that the dry cleaning shop can be managed 24 hours a day, allowing you to easily earn high profits

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The process solves six core technologies and has the most powerful performance. For users who are preparing to build a high-end platform, LGA1366 still occupies the high-end market, and Core i7-980X and Core i7-950 are still good choices.

Core i5 is a quad-core processor based on Nehalem architecture. It uses an integrated memory controller, a three-level cache mode, L3 reaches 8MB, and supports Turbo Boost and other technologies. It is a new processor computer configuration with Core i7. (Bloomfield) The main difference is that the bus does not use QPI, but uses mature DMI (Direct Media Interface), and it only supports dual-channel DDR3 memory. Structurally, it uses the LGA1156 interface, and i5 has turbo frequency technology, which can be used in the bus. Overclocking under certain circumstances. LGA1156 interface processors cover different users from entry-level to high-end. The 32nm process brings lower power consumption and better performance. Representatives of the mainstream level include Core i5-650/760. High-end representatives include Core i7-870/870K, etc. We can clearly see Intel's positioning distinction in product naming. But overall, the mid-to-high-end LGA1156 processor is more worthy of purchase than the low-end entry-level processor. Due to the price strategy, the Intel Core i3 series processors are completely unable to compete with it in terms of cost performance, while the mid-to-high-end LGA1156 products are more eye-catching in terms of performance.

Core i3 can be regarded as a further streamlined version (or castrated version) of Core i5, and there will be a 32nm process version (development code-named Clarkdale, based on Westmere architecture). The biggest feature of Core i3 is the integrated GPU (graphics processing unit), which means that Core i3 will be packaged with two cores: CPU and GPU. Due to the limited performance of the integrated GPU, users who want to obtain better 3D performance can add an additional graphics card. It is worth noting that even for Clarkdale, the manufacturing process of the display core will still be 45nm. The biggest difference between i3 and i5 is that i3 does not have turbo frequency technology. Representatives include Core i3-530/540.

In June 2010, Intel once again released a revolutionary processor-the second generation Core i3/i5/i7. The second generation Core i3/i5/i7 belongs to the second generation smart Core family, all based on the new Sandy Bridge microarchitecture. Compared with the first generation products, it mainly brings five important innovations: 1. Using the new 32nm Sandy Bridge microarchitecture architecture, lower power consumption and stronger performance. 2. Built-in high-performance GPU (core graphics card), with stronger video encoding and graphics performance. 3. Turbo acceleration technology 2.0, smarter and more efficient. 4. Introducing a new ring architecture, bringing higher bandwidth and lower latency. 5. The new AVX and AES instruction sets enhance floating point operations and encryption and decryption operations.

SNB (Sandy Bridge) is a new generation processor microarchitecture released by Intel in early 2011. The greatest significance of this architecture is that it redefines the concept of "integrated platform" and is "seamless" with the processor. Fusion's "core graphics" ends the era of "integrated graphics". This initiative benefits from the new 32nm manufacturing process. Since the processor under the Sandy Bridge architecture adopts a 32nm manufacturing process that is more advanced than the previous 45nm process, theoretically, it can further reduce the CPU power consumption and significantly optimize the circuit size and performance. This provides the opportunity to integrate the graphics core. (Core graphics card) and the CPU are packaged on the same substrate, creating favorable conditions. In addition, the second-generation Core also adds a new high-definition video processing unit. The speed of video transcoding is directly related to the processor. Due to the addition of high-definition video processing units, the video processing time of the new generation Core processor is at least 30 times faster than that of the old processor. The new generation of Sandy Bridge processor adopts the new LGA1155 interface design and is not compatible with the LGA1156 interface. Sandy Bridge is a new microarchitecture that will replace Nehalem, but it will still use the 32nm process. What's more attractive is that this time Intel no longer "glues" the CPU core and the GPU core together, but actually integrates the two into one core.

On the afternoon of April 24, 2012, Intel officially released the Ivy Bridge (IVB) processor at the Beijing Planetarium. The 22nm Ivy Bridge will double the number of execution units to a maximum of 24, which will naturally bring further improvements in performance. Ivy Bridge will add integrated graphics support for DX11. In addition, the newly added XHCI USB 3.0 controller shares four channels, providing up to four USB 3.0 and supporting native USB3.0. The CPU is manufactured using 3D transistor technology, which reduces CPU power consumption by half. Ivy Bridge architecture products using the 22nm process will extend the life of the LGA1155 platform. Therefore, users who plan to purchase the LGA1155 platform will not have to worry about interface upgrades for at least a year.

On June 4, 2013, Intel released the fourth generation CPU "Haswell". The fourth generation CPU pin (CPU socket) is called Intel LGA1150, and the motherboard names are Z87, H87, Q87 and other 8 series Chipset, Z87 is for overclocking players and high-end customers, H87 is for mid-to-low-end general level, and Q87 is for enterprise use. Haswell CPU will be used in notebook computers, desktop CEO suite computers and DIY component CPUs, gradually replacing the current third-generation Ivy Bridge.

1． Pruning of young trees The pruning of young trees should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "focusing on lightness, paying equal attention to shaping and results, and promoting early yield increase". (1) For 2-4 year old saplings, under the premise of arranging the backbone branches, the focus of pruning is to clean up a layer of densely packed branches and improve the tree shape. According to the planting density, small canopy sparse layer type (less than 80 plants per mu) and free spinning type (more than 80 plants per mu) can be promoted. Small crown sparse layer shape: select 3-4 main branches on one layer. After selection, clean up the densely packed branches that affect the growth of the backbone branches. Clean up 1-2 branches every year and strive to clean them up in 2 years. Free spinning shape: select 3-4 small main branches every year, with a spacing of about 20 cm between main branches, and appropriately thin out overly dense branches. (2) Young trees aged 5 to 8 years have entered the fruiting period. The focus of pruning is to clean up the densely packed branches between layers, improve the lighting conditions of the tree, and gradually transition the fruiting parts to the backbone branches. 2-3 densely packed areas are cleaned every year, and we strive to complete the cleaning in three years. After several years of adjustment and cleaning, the tree retains 5 main branches and 1-2 auxiliary branches in the sparsely layered shape of the small crown, and 10-13 main branches in the free spindle shape.

2． Pruning of mature trees The purpose of pruning mature trees is to "improve light, improve branch quality, stabilize high-quality and increase yields". The focus of pruning is to thin out in batches the large auxiliary branches, large lateral branches and large branch groups that are too dense on the second layer or above. , try to make the remaining large branches above the second layer extend outward in a whip shape, and the total number of branches accounts for less than 20% of the total number of branches of the whole tree, so as to facilitate the lighting of the inner chamber of the first layer. If the crown of the tree is relatively high, it should be gradually reduced depending on the strength of the tree, and the height of the tree should be controlled below 3.5 meters; if the crown of the tree has been transferred, the densely crowded branch groups on the outside should be thinned out or transformed into small branch groups, and the branches should be lengthened and shortened. , slow the outside and promote the inside, or use the method of changing the main branch to change the direction and angle of the main branch, so that the top, bottom, left and right are staggered from each other, and the crown distance is kept about 1 meter, so as to improve the lighting conditions of the group and individuals.

The land is leveled, debris removed, and deep plowed. There are two methods:

1. Comprehensive deep plowing: before deep plowing, spread 4000-5000 kilograms of soil fertilizer or farmyard manure per acre, and plow 30-40 cm deep;

2. Ditch plowing: Plow the ditch according to the planting method, with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 60 cm. The topsoil and subsoil are set separately. Apply 2500-5000 kg of soil fertilizer or farmyard manure per acre on the ditch, return 10 cm of topsoil, and mix well. Deep plowing time: It can be carried out before planting mulberry in November and December. [5]

Planting management

⒈Planting time: December to March of the following year

⒉Planting density and form: 1,000 mulberry seedlings transplanted per mu -1200 plants, there are two planting forms:

⑴ Wide and narrow row planting: Flat plots with good water and fertilizer conditions are planted in wide and narrow rows, and triangles are transplanted in the air. It is required that the large row spacing is 6 feet, the small row spacing is 2 feet, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5 feet.

⑵ Planting in equal rows: Platforms and gentle slopes with poor water and fertilizer conditions should be planted in equal rows, with a row spacing of 4 feet and a plant spacing of 1.2-1.5 feet.

⒊Variety and seedling treatment: The principle of fertilizing cherimoya is to fertilize scientifically according to the size of the tree and different growth stages, with organic fertilizers as the main application and a combination of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, gradually becoming green. Agriculture moves closer. Generally, fertilizer is applied three times a year. The first time is before and after pruning in winter, combined with deep plowing of the soil and clearing the garden. The application is mainly organic fertilizer. Dig deeply and put it deeply. Apply all the fertilizer again. Apply all organic fertilizer throughout the year. 80% phosphorus fertilizer and 20% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; for the second time during the young fruit period after the summer fruit blooms (May-June), apply the annual total of 35% nitrogen fertilizer, 10% phosphate fertilizer and 20% potassium fertilizer; for the third time during the winter period when the young fruit is young During the fruiting period (September-October), the total annual amount of nitrogen fertilizer 35, phosphate fertilizer 10 and potash fertilizer 35 is applied.

When applying, trenches should generally be dug and filled, and should not be spread. The trenches can be dug in strips, rings, semi-rings, radials, etc. And depending on the condition of the tree, extra-root top dressing can also be carried out. Extra-root top-dressing is also a limited way to supplement the nutrition of fruits and trees. To top-dress fruits outside the roots, you can first cover the plants with a layer of plastic film and hay. Or leaves and then cover with soil. This method is suitable for mature gardens with many scaffoldings and branches. ⒊Partial burial method (root neck covering with soil) In some areas where the absolute minimum temperature in winter is higher than -15°C, the plants are not removed from the shelves in winter. Before freezing, a 30-50 cm high soil mound is piled at the base of the plant to protect the root neck. This method is only suitable for varieties with strong cold resistance and in places where the lowest temperature is above -15°C. If the grapes are grafted with cold-resistant rootstocks (such as Beida, Beichun, etc.), it can be simpler to bury them in the soil to prevent cold. The depth of covering soil is generally thinner for loamy soil and flat vineyards, and thicker for sandy soil and mountainous vineyards. For some plants that are grafted and replanted that year, although the lowest temperature in winter does not reach -17°C, but the plants grow vigorously, fall leaves later, and bear more fruits, they should also be buried in the soil in time to prevent cold.

The root system of grapes is relatively developed and is a fleshy root that stores a large amount of nutrients, including water, vitamins, starch, sugar and other organic and inorganic components.

In addition to fixing the plant, the function of the grape plant root system is mainly to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, and to accumulate and store nutrients, becoming the material basis for the renewal and rejuvenation of the aboveground parts.

Root characteristics of grapes

Types of root systems

The composition and distribution of grape root systems are slightly different due to different propagation methods.

Solid root system: A plant propagated from seeds, with a vertical main root on which lateral roots grow at all levels. The main root is well developed, the root system is deep, the rhizome is obvious, and the branch angle is small.

Stem root system: Plants propagated by branches do not have vertical tap roots and are mainly composed of lateral roots at all levels. There is no true rhizome, lateral roots are well developed, and the root branch angle is large.

Root system distribution

The root system of grapes is generally distributed in the soil at a depth of 20 to 60 centimeters, and the deepest can reach about 2 meters. However, the depth is directly related to the depth of fertilization, soil quality, variety, etc. relation. Because roots grow towards water, fertilizer and ground. The deeper the fertilizer is applied, the deeper the roots will penetrate, and vice versa.

Growth characteristics

Grape root systems can grow continuously throughout the year when the soil temperature is maintained at 13-25℃ and the water is suitable. Under normal circumstances, grapes have a rooting peak in spring, summer and autumn, and the growth of the root system alternates with the growth of new shoots.

The first peak period: before and after the grapes sprout. At this time, the soil temperature is low, and the root system grows by slowly absorbing water and nutrients. It reaches the peak of growth after the leaves unfold, and then gradually decreases. It will be in the first half of the month before flowering. will reach its lowest point.

The second peak period: after the grapes set fruit, with various side shoot treatments and fruit enlargement, flower buds differentiate, and branches mature, the entire fruit tree’s nutritional needs reach the highest peak of the year. The corresponding growth of the root system also reaches the highest peak of growth throughout the year, and then gradually decreases to a lower peak as the grapes mature.

The third peak period: After grape picking, the grape vine body begins to resume growth, and the corresponding root system gradually resumes growth, reaching a new peak, and then gradually decreases and enters the winter dormancy period.

Factors affecting the growth of grape root systems

The root growth of grapes is related to temperature, light, moisture, nutrition, soil pH, organic matter content, etc.

Temperature

The most suitable temperature for grape root activity is 21~24℃. When the soil temperature reaches 8~10℃, the root system begins to move and begins to grow at 12~13℃. When the soil temperature reaches 20~25℃, the root system enters the vigorous growth period. After the soil temperature exceeds 25℃, the root system growth is inhibited and exceeds 28 ℃ will stop growing, and as the temperature continues to rise, it will quickly cork or die.

Grape root systems have weak cold resistance and stop growing at 10°C. The root system generally suffers mild freezing damage at -4 ℃ to -5 ℃, and is frozen to death in about two days at -6 ℃.

Different populations have different resistance to low temperature, in order:

East Asian population (Vitis vinifera): -15℃~-16℃;

North American population (Beida): -12℃~ -13℃;

European and American hybrid species (Kyoho): -7℃~-8℃;

European species (Red Earth): -4℃~-5℃;

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Moisture

The soil moisture suitable for root growth is 60~80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. The moisture and nutrient status of the soil and its related physical and chemical properties play a decisive role in the growth of the root system.

Excessive soil drought: It is difficult for roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, photosynthesis is weakened, and old leaves are prone to yellowing, falling off, and even plants withering and dying.

Soil waterlogging or excessive water content: causing soil hypoxia, forcing the roots to rely on leaves to replenish oxygen. Over time, the roots have difficulty breathing and lead to rot due to lack of oxygen. At the same time, the lack of oxygen in the soil affects the activity of microorganisms, making it difficult for the roots to absorb nutrients. The tree body gradually weakens, and the root growth stops or wilts or even dies.

Tree nutrition

The growth of the grape root system is related to the nutrient supply of the tree. The leaf-fruit ratio balance or the load is too light, which is conducive to root development; the load is too heavy and the tree A large amount of nutrients is consumed, which is not conducive to root growth.

If the yield is high and the tree is in a weakened state, the yield must be reduced first, and then an appropriate amount of nutrients must be supplemented. When supplementing nutrients, Sea Elf biostimulant should be applied in order to promote root growth and balance nutrition. absorption effect.

Fertilization

The roots of any plant have a tendency to fertilize. Generally speaking, fertilizing grapes is conducive to root development. However, if you do not pay attention to the method of fertilization, not only will it not promote root growth, but it will also cause damage to the root system.

Fertilizer concentration is too high: Physiological water in the tree leaks out to the periphery of the root system in order to balance the physiological concentration inside and outside the root system. If too much physiological water leaks out, the tree will suffer from physiological dehydration. Causes wilting or death, people usually call it fat burning root damage.

Fertilizer spreading: can easily cause roots to float. The top 20cm of the soil is rich in microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria. After the roots float, the chance of root infection will be greatly increased. At the same time, the ability of the root system to withstand cold, drought, and waterlogging decreases, which affects the vigor of the tree, causing the quality of the fruit tree to decrease and the fruit to crack easily.

Timing of fertilization: During the peak growth period of the grape root system, timely fertilization can promote root growth and improve tree vigor. It is worth noting that after germination in spring, the soil temperature is low and the root activity is poor, so a large amount of top dressing is not advisable. A small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in conjunction with Sea Elf biostimulant to restore root vitality. At the same time, after the leaves unfold, spray Sea Elf (foliar type) on the leaves to quickly replenish tree nutrients and improve leaf photosynthesis.

Soil acidification

The characteristics of soil acidification are plant rigidity, retarded root growth, slow leaf emergence, small and few leaves, increased soil-borne diseases, and prone to nematodes.

In an acidic environment, root growth is poor, with black roots, rotten roots, dead roots, and no white roots.

After soil acidification, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and boron are less efficiently absorbed by grapes. Causes nutrient loss or waste, and there is still a lack of fertilizer after fertilization.

It can easily cause soil compaction, resulting in less air and gaps in the soil, which is not conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption.

Resulting in a reduction in the number of beneficial bacteria and beneficial organisms, it is easy to breed pathogenic bacteria, nematodes, etc.

To reduce acid damage, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled and the use of other acidic fertilizers should be reduced, such as superphosphate, phosphogypsum, and immature organic fertilizers. In response to soil acidification, grapes can use Sea Spirit biostimulant containing mineral humic acid and seaweed extract during the growth period to balance soil pH and improve the soil microenvironment.

Organic matter

Soil with high organic matter content and good aggregate structure has good permeability, high fertility and strong microbial activity, which is most conducive to root activity and growth.

For soils with heavy clay, little organic matter, and poor permeability, they should be improved by adding organic fertilizers, combined with biological bacterial fertilizers, sea spirit biostimulants, etc., and ditching for drainage to promote root growth.

[16]

Fresh storage

Modern storage mostly uses controlled atmosphere and refrigeration, and the equipment is relatively complex. However, the majority of rural areas currently mainly use simple storage methods, such as cellaring, vat storage, and sulfur dioxide fumigation. Storage and micro cold storage and other storage.

⑴Cellaring: People in northern China have bad experience in storing grapes. Cellars are usually built on hillside or on the bank of a source. There are 4-6 layers of wooden racks in the cellar, and a layer of grape ears is placed lightly on each layer. The specific methods of cellar management are: ① Pre-cool the grapes in a cool place for 2 days after harvest. The pre-cooling temperature must be controlled below 10°C to fully dissipate field heat. The grapes are then carefully placed on the racks in the cellar. ② Control the temperature and humidity in the cellar. Generally, in the early stages of a human cellar, due to the high outside temperature, ventilation measures can be used to maintain the temperature below 10°C. After winter, the temperature drops. You can use the method of keeping the cellar open during the day and closed at night to keep the temperature in the cellar at 0-1℃. The relative humidity is preferably 80-90. When the humidity is insufficient, you can spray water on the ground to moisturize. When the outside temperature drops below 10°C, attention should be paid to closing the cellar door. ③ Strengthen inspections and remove diseased ears and rotten grains in a timely manner.

⑵ The storage method can be used when the number of stored grapes is small or when grapes are stored in the garden. Household urns are commonly used in North China or they can be stored by themselves. Before storage, clean the vat, dry it, and then put the grape ears into it. The methods of packing fruit ears are:

1. Pruning of young trees The pruning of young trees should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "focusing on lightness, paying equal attention to shaping and results, and promoting early yield increase". (1) For 2-4 year old saplings, under the premise of arranging the backbone branches, the focus of pruning is to clean up a layer of densely packed branches and improve the tree shape. According to the planting density, small canopy sparse layer type (less than 80 plants per mu) and free spinning type (more than 80 plants per mu) can be promoted. Small crown sparse layer shape: select and retain 3-4 main branches on one layer. After selection, clean up the densely packed branches that affect the growth of the backbone branches. Clean out 1-2 branches every year and strive to clear them every two years

Root-knot nematodes

Symptoms of disease: After being infected, the above-ground parts of the crop grow slowly, the leaves turn yellow and dull, and the internodes are shortened as if there is a lack of fertilizer and water; the underground roots have many milky white nodules, which later turn yellowish brown to dark brown. , in severe cases, the roots will rot and the entire crop will die.

Prevention and control methods:

Improve the soil and add organic fertilizer (such as cooked human and animal manure, humic acid and amino acids, etc.).

Frequently plow the soil and dry it, and destroy underground insect eggs through agricultural operations and direct sunlight.

Pharmaceutical control: In the early stages of the disease or in March, April and October and November every year, 1.8 Avermectin 3000 times 40 Phim 600 for root irrigation or 3 insecticides (4 kg per mu) Spread.

Rot disease

Bacterial leaf sheath rot disease

Disease symptoms: There are water-soaked rot lesions on the petioles in the early stage, and some leaves are broken from the rotten petioles. There are irregular water-soaked lesions on the petioles, the leaves and veins turn yellow, and the veins become soft. In the middle stage, the leaf tips begin to turn yellow and gradually expand toward the inside. Then the petioles turn yellow, become soft, and begin to rot. In a few days, the entire banana plant rapidly turns yellow, the leaf sheaths become rotten and smelly, and some pythium grows on the surface.

Prevention and control methods:

Appropriately adjust the planting density.

Chemical control

Spray 3000 times of Roushuitong and 1000 times of 3 grams of Junkan (mainly spray on the false stems and petioles).

Roushuitong 3000 times, 2 Kasugamycin 400 times, 20 Fusarium 400 times spray (mainly spray on false stems and petioles)

77 Dorin 500 times or copper sulfate Irrigate the roots 500 times, and the amount of medicinal solution per plant is 1 to 2 kilograms.

Heart rot

Banana bacterial heart rot

Disease symptoms: This disease infects the base of the banana pseudostem, causing the base to turn black and rot. In severe cases There is a stinky smell and there are a lot of maggots and flies. The above-ground parts grow slowly or stop growing, and the leaves turn yellow. The bananas can fall over by gently pushing them with your hands.

Prevention and treatment methods:

Cover the surface with straw during high temperatures to avoid burning the base.

Remove seriously diseased plants in the field promptly and spread lime on the location of the diseased plants.

When the disease occurs in the field, be careful to avoid spreading it with working tools.

In the early stage of the disease, use 3 grams of Junkan 1000 times or 77 Dorin 600 times and 90 new phytomycin 2500 times to irrigate the roots. At the same time, apply appropriate irrigation or spray foliar fertilizer to promote plant growth.

Mosaic heart rot

Symptoms and characteristics: It is a whole-plant disease. The leaves of the diseased plants show chlorotic stripes, typical mottled mosaic shapes, and the leaf veins are slightly swollen or necrotic. There are dark brown necrotic stripes or patches on the inside of the pseudostem, and the diseased plant will become dwarfed or even die.

Pharmaceutical control methods: Spray aphids regularly to eliminate virus-transmitting vectors.

Other prevention and control: Use disease-free healthy tissue culture seedlings and do not call them from diseased areas; suck bud seedlings as seedlings; keep the garden clean, remove diseased plants in a timely manner, and destroy them intensively; and remove diseased plant areas Spread lime for disinfection; strengthen fertilizer and water management, not biased application of nitrogen fertilizer; rotate with crops such as sugar cane, rice, soybeans or peanuts. ?[4]?

Fusarium wilt

Symptoms and pathogenic characteristics: Banana Fusarium wilt is also known as yellow leaf disease and is known as Panama wilt in the world. It mainly attacks vascular bundles. The leaves of the diseased plant will turn yellow, the base of the petiole will be soft and broken, and the leaves will wither and droop. In severe cases, the entire plant will droop and die. When the pseudostems of diseased plants are cut longitudinally, the vascular bundles appear as brown stripes; when cut horizontally, they appear as brown spots and patches.

Prevention and treatment methods:

Strengthen quarantine, and it is strictly prohibited to transport pink coke, banana and other banana seedlings from the diseased area.

Use a combination of heat treatment and tissue culture to cultivate disease-free seedlings.

Crop rotation for 2 to 3 years.

Dig up the diseased plants in time and isolate and block them [the diseased plants and surrounding plants should be sprayed with 1500 times of 20 Haoliang or 800 times of 15 Haoliang or sprinkled with lime].

Methods for treating diseased plants:

Inject glyphosate to kill diseased plants. Inject 15 to 20 ml of 40 glyphosate per plant.

After the diseased plants dry up, they are burned intensively.

Dig ditches (specifications: 80 cm high x 80 cm wide) around the affected banana orchards, and spread lime in the trenches.

A warning sign will be erected at the entrance to the orchard where the disease has occurred.

Change to other crops, such as corn, mango, etc.

Cane flat moth

The damage caused by the cane flat moth: the larvae feed on the fleshy parts of leaves, leaf sheaths and pseudostems, and produce a large amount of feces on the leaves after feeding.

Prevention and control methods: Use chemical sprays to kill larvae during the hatching period. The pesticides should be 48 Lesben 1500 times, 40 Anminle 1500 times, 1.8 Avermectin 2000 times, 10 high-efficiency mefenacet 3000 times or other pyrethroid pesticides.

Net bug

Banana bug

Damage symptoms: The bugs cause concentrated damage and suck the juice from the leaves, resulting in a large number of gray-brown spots on the leaves and slow growth of the leaves. .

Prevention and treatment methods: Remove severely damaged leaves as early as possible and burn them intensively or bury them deeply. During the larvae incubation period, spray 2 to 3 times with 10 high-efficiency Trichlorfon 3000 times or 3 Alfat 2000 times or 60 Trichlorfon crystals 600 times. Spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000-2000 times liquid and 50% pirimicarb wettable powder 1000-1200 times liquid.

Weevil

Banana weevil

Symptoms of damage: The larvae of the banana weevil burrow into banana leaf sheaths, pseudostems or bulbs to feed and cause damage. Glue flow occurs in the holes, the leaves turn yellow, the plants wither and gradually die.

Prevention and control methods:

Plow and dry the ground promptly after harvesting bananas to destroy underground egg masses.

After the larvae have settled:

Use 15 Lesbon granules mixed with fine sand at a ratio of 1:30, stir evenly, and then spread it on the leaf axils of bananas.

Use 40 dimethoate mixed with water 500 times or 48 dimethoate 1000 times and spray evenly on the trunk.

Butterflies

Banana butterflies

Damage symptoms: Adults eat leaves until they are damaged, and larvae curl up and cause damage.

Prevention and control methods:

Manually remove the buds.

Use chemical sprays to kill larvae from the hatching stage to before they curl up. 1. Remove the buds. 2. Remove dead leaves and remaining plants in winter. 3. Spray trichlorfon 800 times to kill the first instar larvae. 4. Protect and utilize the egg parasitoid - Trichogramma.

?[5]?

Caterpillar Control

Banana caterpillars have gray-black bodies and are covered with venomous hairs. They mainly bite leaves and petioles and eat a large amount of food. When the number of occurrences is high, the damage is serious. It also affects field operations. Generally, it occurs more often from June to November.

The control method can be spraying methamidophos to accelerate killing with 2500 times solution of methamidophos (2:1)

Banana is a beneficial fruit rich in starch. It is sweet in taste and cold in nature. It can clear away heat and moisturize the intestines

and promote gastrointestinal motility. However, it is not suitable for people with spleen deficiency and diarrhea. According to the principle of "what is hot is what is cold", it is most suitable for people with hot and dry taste. People with bleeding hemorrhoids and those with uneasy fetal movements due to hot weather can eat raw banana meat.

Folk prescriptions include bananas stewed with rock sugar to treat chronic cough; bananas boiled into wine as a dietary therapy. Modern medicine suggests that bananas can be used to treat high blood pressure because they are rich in potassium, which can balance the adverse effects of sodium and promote cell and tissue growth. Constipation can be treated with bananas because it promotes gastrointestinal motility.

Shape. In young plum trees, while selecting and cultivating the main and side branches to complete the shaping task, the tree should be well balanced and the master-slave relationship of the backbone branches at all levels should be maintained. The backbone branches that grow too strong should be pruned appropriately. The first-fruiting tree mainly bears short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit. After fruiting, 2 to 3 full buds at the base can be cut again depending on the strength of their growth. Overly long branches can be reduced to biennial branches, so that the distribution of medium and small branch groups in the entire crown is compact. ?[4]?

Overwintering and cold protection

In the absence of freezing damage in winter, it is generally not suitable to overwinter indoors. Let it naturally overwinter and dormant outdoors to improve the tree's resistance to various natural disaster capabilities. To prevent freezing damage, you can choose a sunny day to water the soil once before it freezes. After the water seeps out, wrap the entire container with a straw bag and tie it tightly with a rope. You can also dig a trench and bury it in the leeward and sunny place. ?[4]?

Field management

Expand the pit and improve the soil, plow deeply and apply heavy fertilizer. The principle of top dressing should be applied frequently and lightly and frequently at the tip. Fertilizer should be thinned first and then thickened, and the dosage should increase as the tree expands. Pay attention to shaping and controlling the shoots to cultivate a high-yielding tree. Summer pruning mainly involves topping or short-cutting the long branches, and thinning out the long branches sprouting from the main trunk and main branches. , winter pruning is mainly to cut off dead branches, diseased branches, and drooping branches. ?[2]?

Fertilizer and water management

After the seedlings are planted and survive, a shallow ditch of 20 cm wide and 5 cm deep is opened between the rows to form a platform. The platform ditch is used for summer drainage. , irrigation and fertilization. Fertilize every 10 days in the early growth stage, apply 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu from the germination to flowering stage, and apply 25 kg of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate per mu from the young fruit stage to the mature stage. After the fruit is harvested, fertilize the ground in a timely manner during the vegetative growth period. Apply 100 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate or 50 kilograms of urea per mu. Organic fertilizers are applied in ditches or tree trays in September every year, mainly decomposed chicken manure and pen manure. High-quality fertilizers are applied per mu. 3000 kg of crude fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and 30 kg of urea. Irrigate once after each fertilization. During the entire production process, in addition to watering after fertilization, water is added once or twice according to soil moisture. After watering, cultivating and loosening the soil are carried out at any time. ?[2]?

Temperature and humidity control

1. Temperature control, the dormancy period of plums is 40 days to 50 days, and requires a low temperature of 0°C to 7°C for 1000 to 1500 hours , plums undergo forced dormancy after falling leaves in early November to meet their cooling needs and then warm up. Temperature control after heating is achieved by opening and closing the vents and adjusting the size of the ventilation belt. Facility plum growing