The strike process of Beijing-Han railway workers

Since its birth, the China Production Party has paid special attention to publicizing its ideas among workers, educating and uniting workers to carry out revolutionary struggles and developing themselves in the struggle. Han Jing and Longhai Railway have naturally become the key activities of the * * * production party. 1920 10 As soon as the Beijing * * * production team was established, the workers' movement was launched in Changxindian, Han Jing Road. The following spring, Zhao Zijian from the production team came to Zhengzhou as a teacher of Zhengzhou Railway Workers' School, spreading new ideas among workers and mobilizing and organizing them. Soon, Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Party, also came to Zhengzhou to tell the workers about the truth of revolution and the strength of working class unity. 1921August, Zhengzhou Railway Workers' Club was established. 192 1 1 In June, 2006, the workers of Longhai Railway launched a general strike to resist the oppression and exploitation of capitalists. With the leadership of the * * * Production Party and the strong support of workers in Beijing-Han Railway and other places, the strike finally achieved a comprehensive victory, and the first party organization in Henan, Luoyang Party Organization, was born.

From 65438 to 0922, Henan workers' movement developed in breadth and depth, and Zhengzhou, as a transportation hub, became one of the centers of the national workers' movement. This year, workers in Zhengzhou Locomotive Depot of Han Jing Railway went on strike because Chen Fuhai, director of the locomotive depot, "arbitrarily deprived workers of their freedom and treated them like cattle and horses". They issued a declaration, listed Chen Fuhai's 16 charges, and put forward five conditions, such as improving workers' qualifications and increasing wages, which were supported by workers in Jiang' an and Changxindian.

The practice of struggle educated the workers and made them further realize that organization is the force to defeat the enemy. On April 9th, representatives of various working groups of Han Jing Railway held a preparatory meeting in Changxindian to initiate the establishment of the Railway Federation of Trade Unions, and Yang Defu, the representative of Jiang 'an, was elected as the preparatory director. On August 10, the second preparatory meeting of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was held in Zhengzhou, with 14 participants. At various stations in Henan, Dai Qingping from Zhang De, Wu Changyi from the north bank of the Yellow River, Han Songting from the south bank of the Yellow River, Liu Shengyou from Xuzhou (now Xuchang), Ling Chufan from Zhengzhou, Gao Bin, Liu Genghe, Yang Zhiqing from Yancheng and Wang Fusheng from Xinyang attended. At the meeting, the delegates reported on the trade union organizations around the country and drafted the Articles of Association of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions. The meeting is scheduled to set up the Federation of Trade Unions in Zhengzhou before September 20, and elect Ling Chufan as the temporary chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions, and start to rectify the trade union organizations around the railway.

In order to support the strike struggle of Changxindian workers against the oppression of the foreman and for workers' rights, workers in Han Jing Road, Zhengzhou, under the leadership of the party organization, held an alliance strike on August 25th and 26th. By 7: 00 a.m. on the 26th, the working conditions in Zhengzhou were completely terminated and all the cars stopped. The strike declaration has spread throughout the port. At the same time, Xuzhou, Yancheng and Xinyang also responded positively. Longhai Railway Workers issued a statement in support of the strike of Han Jing Road Changxindian workers. "If the workers' demands are not answered within three days," Longhai Road will unanimously support the strike. After the victory of the strike in Changxindian, Zhengzhou railway workers held a grand celebration, "set off more than 10,000 firecrackers", held demonstrations and posted slogans, which enabled the broad masses of the people to "express their admiration for the working class, cheer and applaud, and thousands of people left the streets", showing the unity of the working class and winning the support of people from all walks of life and soldiers at lower levels.

The victory of the strike in Changxindian had a great influence on Xinxiang, Zhang Dehe. In less than 10 days, the number of railway workers' clubs in Zhangde has grown from 72 to more than 1000, and from a club to a trade union. Daoqing Road held the first preparatory meeting of the Workers' Club on the evening of September 1 1, and the Workers' Club was formally established on September 14. Xinxiang Station independently established a trade union (formerly Zhangde Trade Union) on February 4, 65438, with more than 200 members. Xinyang Workers' Club was reorganized according to the new articles of association of the Federation of Trade Unions, and the trade unions on the south bank of the Yellow River, Xuzhou and Yancheng also developed. Li Dazhao wrote in the article "The Trend of Workers' Movement in China":1at the beginning of 922, "the trade unions on the Han Jing Line are generally divided into the southern section and the northern section, where the trade union organizations are relatively developed and the workers' movement has made considerable achievements".

By the end of 1922, the Party's grass-roots organizations were basically established or party member worked in the main towns of Han Jing and Longhai Railway. 192365438+1On October 5th, the third preparatory meeting of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was held in Zhengzhou. The meeting considered that the conditions for the establishment of the Federation of Trade Unions were ripe and decided to hold the inaugural meeting in Zhengzhou on February 1. 1 At the end, hundreds of local representatives arrived in Zhengzhou one after another. Just before the meeting was about to be held, on October 28th, 65438/kloc-0, Huang Dianchen, the police chief of Zhengzhou City, led a number of policemen to the preparatory office of the Federation of Trade Unions and announced Wu's decree prohibiting railway workers from meeting in Zhengzhou on February 28th, 65438. The next day, Wu ordered Jin, the police commander of Zhengzhou, to monitor the activities of the railway trade union from Luoyang, and banned workers from holding rallies. By this time, Wu had mastered the Beijing regime, and his influence extended to most parts of northern China, and he started the action of reunifying China by force. Lu's income is one of the important sources of Wu's military expenditure, and the workers' struggle directly threatens his interests. Jing-Han Railway is the main artery of economic plunder of China by imperialist countries. The upsurge of workers' movement in Jinghan Road will inevitably affect their economic and political interests. Therefore, they manipulated the warlord to attack the workers on behalf of Wu.

In the face of the suppression by warlords, the producers and workers' representatives from all over the country who led the road workers' movement in Han Jing did not flinch. On October 30th, 65438/kloc-0, party member, Li, and workers' representatives, Ling Chufan and Yang Defu, came to Luoyang to meet Wu on behalf of all the workers, and proposed that the founding meeting of the Road Federation of Trade Unions was legal according to the contract law and Wu's political proposition of 192 1, and Wu could not prohibit it, but should protect it. However, Wu insisted on opposing the convening of this meeting and threatened to use force. After the delegates returned to Zhengzhou and told all the workers' representatives about Wu's attitude, the workers were extremely angry and unanimously agreed to break through all obstacles and hold a meeting on time. On the morning of February 1, more than 430 representatives from Han Jing Railway and Brother Railway stations and more than 000 employees of Zhengzhou Railway1March to the meeting place with plaques presented by various places. Along the way, the military and police were armed with live ammunition, and there were layers of checkpoints trying to stop the conference. After several hours of stalemate between the two sides, the workers' representatives finally ignored the threat of enemy bayonets and sticks, broke through the obstruction of reactionary military police and entered the Puyuan venue. Li Zhenying, secretary of the inaugural meeting of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions, boarded the rostrum and loudly announced the establishment of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions. At this time, the military and police have surrounded the venue layer by layer, the delegates were quickly dispersed, and the plaques presented by local trade unions were destroyed. Hotels, restaurants, and places where the Federation of Trade Unions works are full of military police. They forced workers to leave Zhengzhou, and the safety of workers' representatives was seriously threatened.

Han Jing Road is a place where the Party is stronger and the workers' movement is better. After the conflict with the warlords at the inaugural meeting, the main leaders of the Party in Han Jing Road called a meeting in time and decided to move the temporary office of the Federation of Trade Unions to Hankou Bank. Under the leadership of the Railway Federation of Trade Unions, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions went on strike to protest against Wu's suppression. Li Zhenying, Yang Defu and other major leaders command the overall situation on the river bank; , Jiang, Liu in Zhengzhou, Wu Ruming, Hong in Changxindian, Luo Haicheng, once executed the orders of the Federation of Trade Unions in Jiang 'an. Xinyang Chairman Hu He, Vice Chairman, Xu Kuan, Chairman Du, Chairman Dai Qingping. On February 4th, under the command of the Federation of Trade Unions, the whole railway started a general strike, and Han Jing Road became a zombie snake. The Federation of Trade Unions issued a declaration and put forward five conditions: (1) requiring the Ministry of Communications to remove Zhao Jixian, director of Han Jing Road and South Section; Wu, Jin () and Henan authorities were asked to remove the leather and investigate Huang Dianchen. (2) Request the Railway Bureau to compensate the inaugural meeting for the loss of 6000 yuan. (3) Ask the local governor of Zhengzhou to return all the plaques and gifts seized by the military and police on that day to Zhengzhou Branch of the Federation of Trade Unions. All troops occupying Zhengzhou branch should retreat immediately. The plaque of Zhengzhou branch was hung up again, and all the losses in the meeting were paid by Zhengzhou branch. The local head of Zhengzhou apologized to the Federation of Trade Unions. (4) Ask for rest on Sundays and pay wages accordingly. (5) Take a week off in the Lunar New Year and pay your salary accordingly.

Under the leadership of the Party organizations and the Federation of Trade Unions, the strike went on in an orderly manner. Strike workers distributed leaflets to passengers, saying that workers' freedom rights were violated and they had to strike to gain sympathy and support from passengers; Expose the crimes of Wu and other reactionary warlords to all walks of life in the country. The internal organization of workers is also very neat and strict, "because all railway workers are members of trade unions, from drivers to firefighters to coolies." All members take orders from all branches, and all branches take orders from the Federation of Trade Unions, which is orderly. In order to maintain order, all railway branches have well-trained pickets; Asking for information, during the strike, there were temporary investigation teams organized by various branches. "

After the strike broke out, Wu, Xiao Yaonan, Cao Kun, Zhao Jixian and other reactionary warlords, instigated by British imperialism, went back and forth to e-commerce to plot and brutally suppress the strikers. On the 4th, the enemy forced him to return to work by high-handed means. On the 5th, the chairman of Zhengzhou Railway Trade Union, Jiang, Liu, Wang Zongpei, Qian Nenggui and others were arrested in Zhengzhou, and they were subjected to carrot and stick, coercion, inducement and even torture, forcing them to drive back to work. They have always insisted that "there must be an order from the Federation of Trade Unions not to drive". Gao Bin was tortured and died soon. Hu of Xinyang division, in the face of the cruel persecution of the enemy, persevered and refused to return to work. On the 7th, Wu suppressed the striking workers on the Jinghan Railway on a large scale, which led to the "February 27th" tragedy that shocked China and foreign countries. In Henan, Zhengzhou and other places, 6 people were arrested, 1 people were persecuted to death, and more than 300 people were dismissed. Zhang Dexing, Xinxiang and other places were killed. Workers were persecuted and the Zhengzhou Party organization was destroyed. Li Zhenying, Zhao Zijian, Xu Kuan, Yao Zuotang, Dai Qingping and Xie Changchun, the party leaders who led the Henan Workers' Movement, were forced to leave, and all the rights and interests won by the workers in the struggle were deprived and all the trade unions were closed. Although China's * * * production party is still in its infancy, it has not been intimidated by the enemy's slaughter and continues to lead the people's fight. Immediately after the tragedy, the China * * * Production Party published a Report on Wu's tragic killing of road workers to the working class and people, and the China Trade Union Secretariat published a Report to the National Workers and a Letter to the People, exposing the reactionary faces of Wu and his gang and calling on the national workers and people to unite and overthrow the warlords. The preparatory meeting of the National Railway Trade Union and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League also issued electricity and declarations condemning Wu's crimes. Workers from all walks of life, such as Zheng Tai Road, not only supported and supported Han Jing Road workers in the strike, but also raised money for the families of the dead and unemployed workers after the strike failed. In order to assist the struggle of Han Jing Railway, a party group and a trade union organization headed by Li Wenfu were set up among the workers of Zhengzhou Yufeng Cotton Mill to lead the workers in their struggle with capitalists, demand higher wages, improve working conditions, and give solidarity and material support to Han Jing Road workers. On February 4th, in support of Han Jing road workers, Daoqing road workers held a sympathy strike, and put forward conditions such as raising wages, implementing an eight-hour working system and improving workers' treatment. Under the leadership of party member He Daopei, the strike was well organized. After the 2.27 tragedy, Daoqing workers still supported the strike without fear. On February 9th, the railway administration closed the trade union with the army, arrested four trade union leaders, including Wang Weijian, and forced the workers to return to work. But the workers persisted for nine days and strongly supported the class brothers of the Beijing-Han Railway.

The Beijing-Han Railway strike fully demonstrated the most heroic fighting spirit and the greatest sacrifice spirit of the working class in China. With the heads and blood of workers, the people of China have been further awakened, and they have realized that imperialist forces and feudal warlords are mortal enemies of the people of all ethnic groups in China and must fight them to the end. The strike expanded the influence of China's * * * production party among the people of the whole country. The fact of the bloody strike also tells us that it is impossible to overthrow the rule of reactionary warlords by the working class alone. It is necessary to mobilize the broad masses of peasants and unite all forces that can be United. This raises an important question for China's * * * production party: how to unite the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen against warlords; How to carry out the peasant movement and form the alliance of workers and peasants. In the face of armed warlords in the strike struggle, unarmed workers can only be brutally slaughtered, which raises the issue of armed struggle for our party. Although the strike failed, the producers of * * * are not depressed, but are accumulating more strength and preparing for a greater struggle.