When did Tiananmen Square begin to be built?

Tiananmen is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the Republic of China, facing Chang'an Street. Tiananmen was originally the main entrance to the imperial city of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1420) and was named Chengtianmen at that time. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651), it was renamed Tiananmen Square.

Tiananmen is a symbol of the Republic of China. It is located in the center of Beijing, the capital of the Republic of China, at the southern end of the Forbidden City. It faces Tiananmen Square across Chang'an Street. It was the main entrance to the imperial city of Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The designer was Kuai Xiang, a royal architect of the Ming Dynasty. There are five gates under the city platform. The middle gate is the largest and is located on the central axis of the Imperial City of Beijing. In the past, only the emperor could enter and exit through this gate. A huge portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong hangs above the central doorway. On both sides are large slogans "Long Live the Republic of the People's Republic of China" and "Long Live the Great Unity of the People of the World". It was first built in the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1417). It was originally named "Chengtian Gate", which means "carrying heaven's destiny and receiving orders from heaven". It is the main entrance of the Forbidden City. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1651), it was renamed Tiananmen Square. It not only contains the emperor's will to exercise power on behalf of heaven and should be the supreme emperor for all eternity, but also contains the meaning of "external peace, internal peace, and long-term stability." On October 10, 1925, the Palace Museum was established and Tiananmen Square opened to the public. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held here. It was designed into the national emblem and became a symbol of the People's Republic of China. Tiananmen Square was announced by the People's Republic of China and the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. With its rich historical connotation of more than 500 years, it highly condenses ancient Chinese civilization and modern civilization, and has become a world-famous and fascinating place.

Characteristics of the city gate

Solemn and majestic

Tiananmen Tiananmen is located on the traditional central axis of Beijing. It consists of two parts, the city platform and the city tower, with a majestic shape. , majestic and majestic, is the most outstanding masterpiece among ancient Chinese city gates and a symbol of the Chinese People's Republic of China. Tiananmen Square was announced by the People's Republic of China and the State Council as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Tiananmen has become a symbol of modern China and was designed into the national emblem. With its rich historical connotation of more than 500 years, Tiananmen is a highly condensed ancient Chinese civilization and modern civilization. At the same time, it is also a symbol of New China and has unparalleled political attention and fascination. It has become a place that Chinese people yearn for.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Tiananmen was the main entrance to the imperial city. It had five gates, nine double towers, and a height of 33.87 meters; after renovation in 1970, it was 34.7 meters high. It has an elegant shape and is a representative work of traditional Chinese architectural art.

The total height of Tiananmen is 33.7 meters. The bottom is the white marble Xumizuo, and the seat is a red pier more than 10 meters high, made of large bricks each weighing 43 kilograms. The main hall of the city tower on the pier is nine rooms wide from east to west and five rooms deep from north to south. The number "nine, five" is used to take the emperor as the "nine, five", which means supreme. The designer of the Tiananmen Gate Tower was Kuai Xiang, a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. He was hailed as "Kuai Lu Ban" by his contemporaries.

Two-story tower

The main building of Tiananmen Square is divided into upper and lower floors.

The upper floor is a majestic tower with double eaves and a mountain-style roof, with a yellow glazed tile roof. It is nine bays wide from east to west and five bays deep from north to south, taking the number "Nine Five" to symbolize the dignity of the emperor. There are 36 doors and windows in diamond pattern on the front. There are white marble railings and railings around the base of the city, with lotus and vase patterns carved on them. Most of the wood used in the tower is nanmu. 60 huge red-painted pillars are arranged neatly. There are caissons and beams on the top of the pillars, and auspicious colorful paintings of golden dragons and group dragon patterns are painted on them. The floor is entirely paved with gold bricks, covering an area of ??about 2,000 square meters. The main and vertical ridges of the roof are decorated with Chi kisses, immortals, and animals; the lower level is a 13-meter-high vermilion platform, surrounded by a low wall capped with glazed tiles, and the lower part is a 1.59-meter-high beautifully carved white marble Xumizuo platform. The total area of ??the city platform is 4,800 square meters. There is a hundred-level staircase on the east and west sides for going up and down the city tower, commonly known as the horse path. There are also 5 arched door openings, the middle door opening is the largest, 8.82 meters high and 5.25 meters wide. Only the emperor can enter and exit. In front of the city tower is the Waijinshui River, on which there are seven white marble stone bridges with carved railings. The widest one in the middle is called "Yulu Bridge".

It is specially designed for the emperor; on both sides of the Royal Road Bridge are the "Wanggong Bridge" where the princes of the clan pass; the "Grade Bridge" on the left and right of the Wanggong Bridge is for officials of the third rank and above; officials of the fourth rank and below, soldiers and servants can only walk. Gongsheng Bridge". Gongsheng Bridge is erected in front of the Ancestral Temple (Working People's Cultural Palace) and Shejitan (Zhongshan Park).

The Tiananmen Gate Tower is a wooden structure building, with dazzling but orderly arranged brackets and beams under the eaves of the main hall. Dougong is unique to the traditional Chinese wooden frame system. It is a wooden component with the characteristics of warping, elevating and arching. The beam beams are divided into forehead beams and eaves beams. Below the brackets is the forehead beam, with colorful paintings and golden dragon patterns on it. The components between the pillars are called eaves beams, with patterns of golden dragons and seals painted on them.