People's education edition, the first volume of the second grade Chinese, unit four questions.

Eighth grade Chinese (Volume I) Unit 4 Examination questions

(The score of this volume is 120, and it takes 120 minutes to complete this volume.)

School: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The total score of the first, second and third questions

Unit Message: Dear students, in golden Qiu Guang, in the years like songs, we strolled through Unit 4 of the Chinese World. You must be curious to know the progress and gains at this stage. Well, I hope you can write your youth dream on this test paper wholeheartedly.

I. Accumulation and application (30 points)

1. Pay attention to the following words and write Chinese characters according to pinyin. (4 points)

Cheek () reproduction () belongs to Ji Q and interest.

Embryo () Traceability () yùn () Breeding Tide X: and

2. Complete the following words and explain them. (4 points)

Hold down the track () and your hands are helpless ()

Don't listen ().

3. Find out the wrong words in the following words, draw a horizontal line under them and correct them in the brackets. (3 points)

(1) can't remember its serial number () (2) Mei Ju () (3) Inorganic talk ()

(4) Mourning grass () (5) Silent and invisible () (6) Natural selection ()

"If China is lucky, the world will add luster" and "Better City, Better Life" are the slogans of the Olympic bid. Please use concise and vivid language to create a slogan for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (3 points)

A:

5. Among China's ancient poems, there are many poems with phenological laws, such as Bai Juyi's Song of Fude Ancient Caoyuan.

Don't "a poem:" the vast grass crosses the plain and comes and goes with the four seasons. Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze. "Right here.

Phenology has two laws: first, the rise and fall of vanilla has an annual cycle; Second, this cycle is related to

If the climate changes, the grass will wake up when the spring breeze comes. Please give another poem containing phenological laws and say

What is the phenological law? (4 points)

Poetry:

Rules and regulations:

6. In the article Language of Nature, the author gave an accurate description of "temperate and subtropical regions on the earth".

Domain, year after year, cycle after cycle "describes the four seasons of reincarnation. Idioms (or poems) related to the four seasons

Many, please give 1 example each. (Note, just choose one of "idioms and poems" and stick to it. ) (4 points)

Spring: summer:

Autumn: winter:

7. Arrange the following sentences in order. (2 points)

① The theory of "plate tectonics" quickly provided answers to almost all problems in the geological field, such as volcanoes, earthquakes, island chains, ocean abyss, etc. This has always been a mystery before.

(2) Decades ago, it was found that the earth's crust was composed of some large plates that were closely spliced together but moved slowly.

Dinosaurs can't live independently on every continent, so how did they cross the ocean to another continent?

(4) Some plates are pulled apart, some plates are squeezed together, and one plate may slowly dive under another plate.

The answer to this question is that the mainland is drifting, not the dinosaurs themselves.

The sequence is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

8. Summarize the following information in one sentence. (no more than 24 words). (2 points)

Allen, a scientist at Cambridge University, UK? A research team led by Wendell announced that they had successfully woven a "nano rope" from fibers made of carbon nanotubes. Although this kind of "nano-strength" is very thin, it has great rigidity and hardness, because they are made of carbon nanotubes, and the diameter of carbon nanotubes is one-fifth of the diameter of a hair. Its hardness is 10 times that of steel and twice that of diamond. At present, although the "nano rope" made by scientists is not long, the longest is 20 cm, but Allen? Wendell's team believes that after further improving their method, they can weave any length of "nano-rope".

_________________________________________________________________

9. Please write two more vivid sentences about your understanding of "science" according to the example: (4 points)

Example: Science is a sweet wine, which makes people intoxicated.

Imitation: Science is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Science is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Two. Modern reading (40 points)

Read the following article and complete 10-25.

( 1)

Material 1: Peach blossom in Dalin Temple

Bai Juyi

In the world of April, the flowers have withered, and the peach blossoms in the ancient temples have just bloomed.

I want to find a place where my life is dying, but I don't know that it has been moved here.

Material 2:

The third factor affecting phenology is the difference between high and low. Phenological phenomena such as flowering of plants are late in spring and summer, and deciduous trees are early in autumn. However, the study of this factor should take into account special circumstances. For example, at the turn of autumn and winter, in clear Wan Li, the temperature at a certain height is inversely proportional to the height. This is called inversion layer. Because cold air is heavy, it flows to lower places on windless nights. This phenomenon is very obvious in autumn and winter in mountainous areas, especially in the morning of these two seasons. It is often found that there is frost at the foot of the mountain and frost at the mountainside. It is for this reason that it is very successful to introduce tropical crops into hillsides in hilly areas of South China, but it is not suitable at the foot of the mountain.

Material 3:

Antarctica also has its own dinosaurs, amphibians and other plants and animals that flourished in the dinosaur era. However, the fate of these creatures is much more tragic than that of other similar creatures, because the plate has brought them to the polar regions in the south. About 100 million years later, the climate is getting colder and colder, plants are becoming scarcer and scarcer, and the types and numbers of animals are greatly reduced. The climate is getting colder and colder, the summer is short and cold, and finally it becomes ice and snow.

Antarctica, located in the center of the South Pole, is a big refrigerator in the world. Nine tenths of the earth's ice is in the Antarctic ice sheet. The ice there is miles thick and covered with rich fossils. If the Antarctic ice is thinner, we can find them.

Therefore, the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Antarctica provides another powerful evidence to support the theory that the crust moves slowly but inexorably.

Material 4:

Some scholars in biology and ecology believe that human beings should not interfere too much in the migration process of biological species, because the imbalance is temporary and a species must follow the law of natural selection in the new environment. Not all "biological invaders" can survive, but the strong can survive. Even the strong in the ecosystem are restricted by various factors in the system and cannot do whatever they want. Therefore, the natural balance will eventually be achieved. However, more scholars are against it. They think that the process of natural adjustment is very long. If "biological invaders" are allowed to develop freely, many native species will be doomed to extinction and the species diversity in nature will be seriously damaged. In addition, the economic losses caused by "biological invaders" to human society are also amazing. In the United States alone, the economic losses caused by "biological invaders" are as high as more than 200 billion US dollars every year. How can people be indifferent to such astronomical figures?

10. Please write the underlined sentences in Material 2 and the poems in Material 1. (2 points)

1 1. What does the underlined "this" in material 2 mean? (2 points)

The dinosaur fossils found in Antarctica are mentioned in the third material of 12.

. (2 points)

13 what is the main interpretation method and function of material iv? (2 points)

(B) China suffered from "karst"

I am very interested in Chinese vocabulary related to Confucius.

The idiom "a drop of water wears away a stone" is widely known. It is generally believed that water dripping from a stone is a mechanical process: the power of water falling from a height erodes the stone continuously, and over time, water drips from the stone. This understanding is correct if water drops fall on rocks other than limestone, but it is wrong if water drops fall on limestone.

③ Limestone is widely distributed on the surface. In China, the distribution area of bare limestone accounts for a quarter of the surface area, so it is a common phenomenon that water drops on limestone. Water absorbs and dissolves carbon dioxide in the air and reacts with limestone to generate new water-soluble substances. Water drops keep dripping, dissolving limestone and washing away dissolved substances. This process is called karstification.

(4) In many cases, water drop stone penetration is a chemical process, not just a physical process. The speed of chemical reaction is much faster than that of mechanical wear. The Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River is a limestone area. I'm afraid Sichuan Basin will remain Zeguo only by the mechanical erosion and abrasion of water flow. Karst must have happened to pass through the Three Gorges, which made many water systems in Sichuan Basin have an outlet and found a way out.

⑤ Chinese has a subtle explanation for caves formed by karst process. When the ancients entered the cave with torches, they felt that the things in front of them were more and more clear, and they had "epiphany" and "epiphany"; Caves give people an unfathomable feeling, which leads to the profundity and profundity of thoughts and opinions. This is "insight" and "insight". But the meaning of "hole" in "hole opening" and "Dongting" is completely different. "Open wide" means open wide, such as "open wide"; The word "hole" in "Dongting" means spacious and open, and Dongting Lake means a vast lake.

⑥ Why can the word "hole" express the meaning of opening wide? Looking at the descriptions of caves in ancient people's travel notes, it seems that there is a common phenomenon, that is, most of them have the details of "going through a narrow hole first and then seeing a suddenly enlightened hall". There are many halls in the cave, some of which are incredible. For example, the Red Rose Hall, a cave hall in leye county, Guangxi, is 300 meters long, 200 meters wide and 260 meters high at the highest point, which is equivalent to the Great Hall of the People, but much higher. Such a large Dongting, of course, can be said to be "the cave is wide open."

⑦ How was the main hall in the cave formed? It turns out that in the process of cave development, the rocks at the top of the cave will collapse due to gravity because there are interlayers in the rock strata with different lithology, or there are various joints and cracks in the rock strata with inclined angles. With the collapse becoming more and more serious, the underground river keeps taking away the collapsed materials, and the hall in the cave is getting bigger and bigger, and the hall is formed. The main hall in the cave continued to develop, the roof of the cave became thinner and thinner, and finally it collapsed completely, exposing the main hall to the surface. At this time, the hall became the so-called "sinkhole" in karst landform.

Speaking of tiankeng, I think of Tao Yuanming's masterpiece Peach Blossom Garden. I guess the "Peach Blossom Garden" that Wuling fishermen entered should be a sinkhole.

(Author Dan Zhiqiang, abridged)

14. This paper explains what karstification is with the help of the word "_ _ _ _ _ _ _". The words "Dongkai" and "Dongting" are introduced, which leads to the explanation of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2 points)

15. what is the role of the example of the three Gorges in the fourth paragraph of the article? (2 points)

16. Paragraph 6 says that the Red Rose Hall is "as big as the Great Hall of the People, but much higher". Can "quite" in the sentence be replaced by "same"? Tell me why. (2 points)

17.⑤ ⑤ The explanation of Chinese vocabulary is vivid. Please use imagination to infer how the ancients created the word "Dongda". (2 points)?

[Help you] The explanation of "Dongda" in modern Chinese dictionaries: a thorough understanding.

18. Chinese characters can convey rich meanings. The picture on the right shows the poster of China Red Cross Foundation after Wenchuan earthquake. Please write a description for this poster. (not less than 80 words) (5 points)

(c) Climate disaster, and the world is suffering.

According to the analysis of relevant experts, the rain and snow weather at the end of the year in China and some other countries and regions, as one of the manifestations of extreme climate, is produced under the background of global warming. Global warming is causing extreme weather events to be "more frequent, more unstable and more unpredictable".

In July last year, a joke circulated on the Internet: "Chongqing is full of sea view rooms and swimming pools." At that time, Chongqing had been "drenched" by heavy rain, and the precipitation exceeded the extreme value of daily rainfall since 1892. Also in July, Jinan, the spring city, was hit by a sudden rainstorm. The maximum rainfall in urban area 1 hour reaches 1.5 1 mm, which is the historical maximum since 1.958, and the whole "Spring City" is covered by Wang Yang.

In addition, residents in many countries and regions also have "memories" of the floods in 2007. At the beginning of the year, Brazil in South America, Angola in Africa and Pakistan in Asia suffered sudden floods. On the island of Reunion in the southwest Indian Ocean, a new global precipitation record of 3,929 mm was also produced for three consecutive days. In Europe in summer, in England and Wales, the precipitation broke the record of the same period since 1789. In July, Africa ushered in the rainy season, and many countries in East and West Africa were hit by heavy rains and caused floods. A large number of refugees lost their homes and were displaced. However, parts of South Asia were soaked by the worst flood in 30 years, and became Wang Yang Zeguo.

It is raining cats and dogs, but the sun is burning. Last year, the United States tied and broke 263 temperature records. The continuous high temperature and dry weather not only caused the annual water level of the Great Lakes Lake Superior to hit a record low, but also contributed to the largest and most destructive forest fire in California in the western United States last year. 22 people were killed, 1 more than ten thousand people were homeless.

The disaster in the United States is only a microcosm of the heat wave that ravaged the world last year. In early June, parts of South Asia were hit by high temperature, and extreme weather of 5 1.6℃ even appeared in southern Pakistan. In July, the temperature in Romania and other eastern and southern European countries has been above 40℃. In August, Japan was hit by a high-temperature heat wave, and the extreme maximum temperature reached 40.9℃, setting a record for the highest temperature in Japan.

⑥ Correlation analysis indicates that global warming is still the "additive" leading to hurricanes. In the past year, a series of typhoons such as Gunu, Xide, Rosa and Lichima appeared one after another. Wherever the typhoon went, it was a mess: fishing boats at sea were smashed, trees on the roadside were uprooted, and passing trains were overturned. On February 28th, Turpan, Xinjiang, China was hit by the strongest wind 14 gale, which caused the window of a passenger train from Urumqi to Aksu to be shattered by flying sand, and the carriage was blown down, resulting in four deaths.

19. Please briefly summarize the core content of this article. (3 points)

20. This article is well-structured and closely related. Please take paragraphs 2 to 6 as examples for analysis and explanation. (6 points)

2 1. In order to specifically explain the climate disasters that the world is suffering from, such as rainstorm and high temperature, what explanation methods does the author mainly adopt? (2 points)

(d) The role of snow is amazing.

Dou Guangyu

Snowflakes falling from the sky not only bring people joy, but also bring people clean energy without extra investment.

(2) Experts estimate that 6.5438+10,000 tons of snow is equivalent to the energy consumption of ice making and 6.5438+0.2 million tons of oil. If used for snow storage and refrigeration, the fuel saved is considerable. Now, "snow energy" without energy is playing an increasingly important role in the lives of citizens in northern Japan. After winter, people always pile up the snowfall and keep it in a special snow shed. Next summer, it will be circulated to all households to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. It is reported that a six-story air-conditioned residential building with snow storage as refrigerant has recently appeared in Bai Mei, Hokkaido. This strange way is the first time in the world. Although the amount of snow used in a summer is not small, the annual snowfall in Bai Mei is very large, and the snow on the suburban ground can be as thick as 2 meters in a winter. A snowdrift can accumulate100t, which is enough to meet the needs of summer.

Besides refrigeration, snow can also be used to purify the air. The particle structure of snow is very complicated. Even if it is rolled into a snowball, the micropores inside can still keep enough space. Air containing harmful substances such as formaldehyde and pollen will pass through it, and these chemical components will be adsorbed on it. By adjusting the air velocity to a suitable level, more than 90% of harmful components such as formaldehyde and pollen can be filtered out.

(4) Snow water is ice-like water condensed after evaporation, which is a kind of super soft water. Does not contain minerals such as potassium and sodium, and has strong permeability. Therefore, it has a wonderful health care effect on the human body. It is effective for treating pinkeye, skin scald and frostbite, especially for mild patients. It only needs to be applied once every three or four hours, and it can be cured in 45 days without other drugs. Taking a bath with snow water can enhance the skin's resistance, promote blood circulation and reduce diseases. Pure snow water is also an excellent natural drink. Studies have shown that snow water contains more enzyme compounds than ordinary water, so it is generally believed in today's medical field that drinking 12 cup of snow water every day can significantly reduce the cholesterol content in blood and prevent arteriosclerosis. Russian medical experts also remind people that with the increase of age, the water in the human ice structure will become more and more insufficient, thus accelerating human aging. Therefore, it is more beneficial for the elderly to drink snow water, which can prolong life.

⑤ The experimental data collected at present show that the outdoor snowdrift is 4 meters high and covered with 30 cm thick sawdust and branches, and it can still maintain a height of 2.5 meters in August. Similarly, if the snowdrift is changed to semi-underground mode, it can store 200,000 cubic meters of snow according to the scale of 25 meters high and 100 meters long, and it can be continuously taken from here in summer to play the role of air conditioning or constant temperature system in grain depot. Snow from the natural ecological environment in turn began to contribute to ecological protection.

Excerpted from Encyclopedia Knowledge, No.2, 2008)

22. What are the magical functions of snow? (2 points)

23. What are the two main methods of interpretation used in paragraph (2)? What is the difference? (2 points)

According to the information provided in the article, please explain "super soft water" in paragraph 4 in concise language. (2 points)

25. Besides the magical functions described in this article, "snow" has many positive and negative effects on our daily life. Please give examples separately. (2 points)

Three. Writing (50 points)

Quality education requires improving people's comprehensive quality. We should learn knowledge not only from textbooks and classes, but also from life and society. We should think about what to learn and how to learn.

When Tao Xingzhi founded Xiaozhuang Teachers College, he put forward the viewpoint that "life is education and society is education". We should learn knowledge from society and life, and learn knowledge from natural life (every plant, tree, etc.). ), from various social phenomena (a person, a thing, etc. ), and from all kinds of life (joys and sorrows, etc. We should be close to nature and learn from it. Enter the society and know the society; Observe life and feel life.

What have you learned during your growing up, whether in study, life or society? Please complete the topic, and then write a composition of about 600 words.

"Learn from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _"

The eighth grade Chinese (the first volume) unit 4 test questions reference answer.

One. 1.jiay m:n püI sü。

2. Hide: hide the bundle: bind, bind the heart: fill the heart: plug.

3.( 1) recorder (2) plum blossom piece (3) machine record

(4) sorrow-decline (5) elimination-sale (6) competition.

4. Example: * * Join hands to build a green Olympics; Honesty is written on the five-ring flag.

5. It rains at home in Huangmei season, accompanied by continuous rainy weather when plums are yellow ripe.

Be sure to cherish your heart, don't bloom easily, let the peach blossom fan bloom in the spring of spring breeze! Peach blossom and plum blossom precede begonia.

6。 Idioms such as: spring: colorful summer: awesome summer: refreshing autumn: winter: ice and snow poems such as: spring: flowers are getting more attractive, shallow grass can be without horseshoes. Summer: The water curtain is moving, the breeze is blowing, and the roses are fragrant.

Autumn: the west wind is rustling all over the courtyard, and the cold butterfly is hard to come. Winter: Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees.

7.③⑤②④①

8. British scientists have woven "nano-ropes" from fibers made of carbon nanotubes.

9. This is an open question, and the answer is an example: science is a colorful flower that makes people linger; Science is a fresh and meaningful poem, which makes people memorable; Science is music with harmonious melody, which is pleasing to the eye.

Two. (1) 10. In April, flowers are blooming in the world and peach blossoms are blooming in mountain temples.

1 1. At the turn of autumn and winter, in clear air, the temperature at a certain height is inversely proportional to the low and high. This is called inversion layer. Because cold air is heavy, it flows to lower places on windless nights.

12. The crust is moving slowly but inexorably.

13. Classification clearly illustrates two different viewpoints of biologists and ecologists.

(2) 14. The reason why the water drop stone passes through the cave hall

(Scoring Note: The second blank is correct. 65438 +0 points for each space, ***2 points)

15. Specifically, the speed of karstification is much faster than that of mechanical abrasion.

(Scoring Note: The general idea is correct. Function 1, content 1, ***2)

16. Example: "quite" means that the Red Rose Hall and the Great Hall of the People are similar in size, but there are still differences. If it is changed to "same", it means that they are exactly the same. Therefore, it is not appropriate to exchange.

(Scoring Note: The general idea is correct. Understand that "equivalent" is 1 and "identical" is 1, ***2)

17. The ancients groped their way forward in the cave. When he reached the end of the cave (or another exit), he had a thorough understanding of the cave, so he came up with the word "reaching the cave".

(Scoring description: You can be confident. Imagine 1, infer 1, ***2)

18. The picture of this poster consists of two parts. There is one in the middle, and there is a word "Wenchuan" in the grid. These two words are combined into a word "Ji". Below is the logo of the Red Cross and the words "China Red Cross Foundation". It expresses the theme that * * * is in the same boat with the people in Wenchuan disaster area, and * * * overcomes difficulties with ingenious ideas.

(Scoring description: You can be confident. Feature 1, description content 2, description sequence 1, language expression 1, ***5)

(C) 19。 Global warming is causing extreme weather events to be "more frequent, more unstable and more unpredictable". Or: The world is suffering from various climate disasters. (3 points)

20. Paragraphs 2 to 6 are an integral part of this article. It is divided into three layers. On the first floor (the second and third paragraphs), residents of many countries and regions have "memories" of the catastrophic flood in 2007. The second floor (paragraphs 4 and 5) In 2007, the heat wave ravaged the world. The third layer (paragraph 6), global warming is also an "additive" that causes hurricanes. There is a contrast between the first floor and the second floor in content. The sentence "It is raining cats and dogs on one side and scorching sun on the other" is a transitional sentence connecting the preceding with the following. Between the second floor and the third floor, it plays a connecting role: "Correlation analysis points out that global warming is still an" additive "that causes hurricanes (***6 points, correctly divided into three levels, 3 points; Can find two turning sentences and emphasize their functions, score 2 points; Brief evaluation of language 1)

2 1. The author mainly uses examples and figures to illustrate. (2 points for correct answer, 1 point)

(4) 22. Refrigeration, air purification and health care.

23. The figures in column (1) accurately show that snow storage can save a lot of fuel.

(2) For example, the effect of snow on refrigeration is explained in detail.

24. Ice-like water, which contains no minerals such as potassium and sodium, has strong permeability and is "super soft water".

25. Open questions. It makes sense.

Three. According to the standards of the senior high school entrance examination.