What measures should be taken to prevent traffic accidents in mountainous areas?

Road traffic accidents are dynamic processes under certain conditions, with great randomness and contingency. Road traffic accidents are often not caused by one factor alone, such as people, vehicles, roads and environment, but by the interaction of many factors. It is a systematic project to prevent road traffic accidents and improve the safety of vehicle operation. We must comprehensively consider four aspects: people's traffic education, improving vehicle safety, constantly improving road conditions and optimizing road traffic safety environment, clarify our thinking, grasp the main body, and constantly establish a long-term mechanism to prevent road traffic accidents.

(A) preventive measures for traffic accidents caused by human factors

Among many factors to prevent traffic accidents, people are the core. Strengthening the education and management of people is one of the main measures to effectively prevent traffic accidents, especially serious traffic accidents.

The first is the education and management of motor vehicle drivers. First of all, people who apply for a driver's license should go to a formal training school for training and operate according to the syllabus. The public security traffic management department shall take the examination in accordance with traffic regulations, mechanical knowledge, pile test and road test, and practice after passing the examination. You can't get a full driver's license until the internship expires for more than half a year. If you can't master the safe driving skills correctly or can't guarantee the safety factor for other reasons, you can't issue a formal driver's license. Secondly, the state should set up a motor vehicle driver adaptability testing institution, unify standards and test drivers' morality, ethics, physiology and psychology. It is clearly stipulated that you can only apply for a driver's license after passing the test by the driver's adaptability testing department. The test table is stored in the driver file for future reference. At the same time, it must be stipulated that in the future, if a driver has a major traffic accident, he must go to the driver's adaptability testing department for re-testing and transfer the original inspection form for accountability. Thirdly, drivers and passengers engaged in the transportation of dangerous chemicals should be given special training on the transportation of dangerous chemicals and passenger safety on the basis of their original driving skills. Finally, we should do a good job in the continuing education of motor vehicle drivers. Drivers of different ages should be treated differently and taught in accordance with their aptitude. Young drivers should focus on training and training. After driving alone for 2 to 3 years, we should continue to provide them with safety education, professional ethics education and accident cause education, so that they can abide by the law and drive in a civilized manner. For drivers over 30 years old, efforts should be made to improve their theoretical, technical and psychological qualities, so that they can be familiar with traffic laws and regulations and master driving skills and operating skills skillfully; For drivers over 40 years old, it is necessary to sum up their experience in safe driving and lessons from accidents, so that they can speak out, experience and educate young drivers. For drivers over 50 years old, we should focus on educating them to take a rest, prevent fatigue, work less overtime and run less long-distance buses. We should not dare to refuse to accept old age, nor should we be braver than young drivers. For drivers over 60 years old, it is mainly to do a good job of persuasion.

Second, the education and management of the whole society. The content is mainly divided into school education management and social education management. First, the education department should insist that road traffic safety education should start with children as a compulsory course of nine-year compulsory education, and appropriately increase this content in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. The second is to use all news media and propaganda means to educate the whole society on traffic safety, publicize traffic laws and regulations, and strengthen and improve people's awareness of traffic safety and traffic legal system.

(2) Preventive measures for traffic accidents caused by vehicle factors

Good vehicle technical performance is the material basis to ensure safe driving. Analysis shows that in some serious traffic accidents, the failure or poor efficiency of vehicle braking and steering components accounts for a large proportion. Although the performance of vehicles in the world has been greatly improved, the cause of vehicles is still a factor that cannot be ignored.

First, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection of automobile safety technical performance, ensure that automobile steering, braking, lighting and other parts meet safety standards, and reduce traffic accidents caused by mechanical failures.

The second is to vigorously implement the "door inspection" system for passenger vehicles, that is, before the bus leaves the station, the staff of the door inspection center of each passenger transport company will check the safety and technical conditions of the vehicle, find and correct the hidden dangers of accidents, and prevent the "sick car" from endangering the safety of passengers. In addition, Ying Qin, the driver, pays attention to the daily maintenance of the vehicle, carefully checks the steering system and braking system before leaving the vehicle, eliminates hidden dangers in time, and ensures the good condition of the vehicle.

Third, strict motor vehicle scrapping system. The motor vehicle is still running due to serious defects in its own components or has reached the service life. Because of its poor condition, it is prone to traffic accidents, so it is necessary to prevent such vehicles from driving on the road. On the one hand, the annual inspection system of motor vehicles must be strictly implemented, on the other hand, the vehicle scrapping system must be strictly implemented to avoid traffic accidents and environmental pollution caused by poor vehicle condition.

The fourth is to promote the installation of new safety devices for automobiles. In recent years, various automobile manufacturers have successively introduced various new safety devices, such as on-board anti-collision system, sleepy or inattentive alarm system, tire low pressure alarm system and visual alarm system. The application of these safety devices makes the vehicle more intelligent and can provide safety guarantee for drivers and passengers. Public security traffic management departments should actively guide transportation enterprises to install and use car driving recorder or GPS satellite positioning system. Without the installation of recorder and GPS, it is forbidden to participate in transportation in Spring Festival travel rush peak or tourist season.

(3) Preventive measures for traffic accidents caused by road factors

The first is to scientifically design new monastic routes. Road alignment can be divided into plane alignment and longitudinal alignment. The plane alignment design must proceed from the mechanical characteristics of automobile driving, ensure the safety, rapidity and comfort of automobile driving, and conform to the traffic psychological and visual characteristics. Plane alignment should be direct, continuous and balanced, and should be adapted to the topography and be in harmony with the surrounding environment. The corners of highways at all levels should be paved into circular curves with larger radius. If the corner is too small, the plane alignment should be adjusted, and there should be a straight line with sufficient length between two curves in the same direction. The curve alignment should pay special attention to the balance and continuity of technical indicators, avoid continuous sharp curve alignment, and insert a long enough straight line or roundabout between curves. The line shape of the section should be adapted to the terrain, designed to be visually continuous, smooth and fluent, avoiding frequent ups and downs in a short distance, and avoiding the line shape that can see the distance without seeing the concave.

The second is to continuously improve the existing road conditions. In this regard, we should focus on improving national highways, provincial highways, county roads and other trunk roads. Strictly follow the technical standards of highway engineering (JT00 1-97), improve the alignment of road profile, reduce the longitudinal slope and increase the radius of vertical curve; Improve the plane alignment, straighten the corner, eliminate bottlenecks and roadside obstacles, and ensure the sight distance of intersections and bends; Improve the smoothness and drainage capacity of the pavement and improve the anti-skid performance of the pavement. In particular, it is necessary to improve the light control rate at intersections and improve the isolation facilities of main roads.

The third is to unremittingly carry out the investigation and rectification of dangerous road sections. According to the research of American non-profit organization information plan "Trip", "measures such as marking roads, widening shoulders and increasing isolation belts can reduce the number of traffic accident deaths."

(4) Preventive measures for traffic accidents caused by environmental factors

First, make full use of high-tech means, promptly investigate and deal with traffic violations, eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, and strictly manage them according to relevant laws and regulations. Set up posts in some sections where speeding is serious, use alcohol tester to detect suspected drunk drivers, and use radar speedometer to investigate speeding vehicles; Do a good job in setting up traffic signs, markings, traffic signals and variable information boards, and make up for any damage in time; Warning signs shall be set up in accident-prone sections, as well as bridges, sharp bends, overpasses, ramps and other places where roads are complex or waterlogged. In rainy, foggy, snowy and other disastrous weather conditions, traffic control plans should be formulated to reasonably control traffic flow and ease the passage of vehicles; In urban roads, people and vehicles should be separated, traffic channelization should be carried out reasonably, and road entrances and exits should be controlled scientifically; Traffic safety can be ensured by limiting the traffic flow on the road section where the traffic flow exceeds the road capacity. At the same time, road managers should release diversion information to car owners and drivers in the flow adjustment stage to provide the best bypass route.

The second is to strive to build a harmonious road landscape. Good road landscape will not only bring beautiful enjoyment, pleasant mood and fatigue to traffic participants, but also play a good role in guiding the line of sight, which is conducive to driving safety. Unreasonable landscape design is not conducive to traffic safety. Therefore, the roadside buildings should not be too supportive, the trees should not be too dense or close to the road, and the slope should not be too large, otherwise the driver will feel depressed and easily tired. When planting or pruning trees, traffic signals, traffic signs and signs that induce sight should not be blocked, otherwise traffic accidents will easily occur. In addition, billboards, placards, neon lights and so on. It is easy to be mixed with traffic signals and traffic signs, causing interference and must be resolutely removed. In short, the monotonous and desolate roadside landscape will have a hypnotic effect on the driver's psychology, leading to fatigue driving. Harmonious road landscape will produce visual harmony and continuity, make passengers and drivers feel the beautiful environment on the road and improve the safety of road traffic system.

The third is to set up road traffic safety service stations and compulsory rest points on national highways to conduct bus safety inspections. Each gas station implements a 24-hour rotation duty system. For transit passenger cars, every car should be inspected, insisting on "one check, two questions, three explanations and four registrations", that is, checking the driving license, driver's license, insurance certificate, anti-skid and anti-freezing facilities and anti-hijacking devices; Ask passengers to know whether the driver has any traffic violations such as overcrowding; Tell the driver to drive safely; Register the information of passenger vehicles and drivers. Foreign coach drivers who drive continuously for more than 4 hours will be forced to rest for more than 20 minutes.