Everyone, is "Chang'e 1" a manned spacecraft?

No

The "Chang'E1" satellite was developed by the China Academy of Space Technology and named after the ancient Chinese mythological figure Chang'e. It is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface. Image, analyze the distribution characteristics of relevant material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of the lunar soil, detect the Earth-lunar space environment, etc. In the preliminary prototype development stage, two preliminary prototype satellites, the electric satellite and the structural satellite, are responsible for satellite testing. The Chang'e-1 platform is developed based on China's mature Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform, with a star size of 2000 mm × 1720 mm × 2200 mm, and fully inherits satellites such as the China Resources 2 satellite and the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite. Adapt existing mature technologies and products. The so-called adaptive transformation refers to innovation in inheritance and breakthroughs in a number of key technologies.

On October 24, 2007, Beijing time, the probe was successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.

On November 26, the China National Space Administration officially announced the first lunar surface image returned by the Chang'e-1 satellite.

Overview

Chang'e-1 The star is a cube with a solar panel on each side, with a maximum span of 18.1 meters, a weight of 2,350 kilograms, and a working life of one year. It will operate in a circular polar orbit 200 kilometers above the lunar surface.

The satellite platform consists of structural subsystem, thermal control subsystem, guidance, navigation and control subsystem, propulsion subsystem, data management subsystem, measurement and control data transmission subsystem, directional antenna subsystem and payload It is composed of 9 subsystems. These subsystems perform their own duties and work together to ensure the successful completion of the lunar exploration mission. The payload on the satellite is used to complete scientific exploration and experiments on the moon, and other subsystems provide support, control, command and management assurance services for the normal operation of the payload.

According to the four major scientific goals of my country's lunar exploration satellite project, Chang'e-1 is equipped with 8 types of 24 scientific detection instruments weighing 130 kilograms, namely a microwave detector system, a gamma ray spectrometer, X-ray spectrometer, laser altimeter, solar high-energy particle detector, solar wind ion detector, CCD stereo camera, interference imaging spectrometer.

Aerospace experts said that the test of electric stars is mainly used for comprehensive testing of some equipment with electronic properties. The tests of structural stars are mainly used to assess the rationality of structural design and the temperature on the entire star. The rationality of control design. At present, the structural manufacturing of these two prototype satellites has been completed, and testing of the entire satellite will begin before the end of the year. On this basis, the development of the "Chang'e-1" prototype satellite will be carried out. According to reports, the entire preliminary prototype testing phase will last until June 2007, and will then enter the development phase of the satellite prototype.

In order to ensure the completion of the lunar exploration mission, scientific researchers conducted 41 reliability design tasks on the Changsanjia rocket responsible for satellite launch tasks to improve its carrying reliability.

Chang'e-1 is my country's first artificial satellite orbiting the moon. Named after the ancient Chinese mythological figure Chang'e, it was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center around 18:05 (UTC+8:00) on October 24, 2007. The entire "moon flight" process takes about 8-9 days. The total weight of the satellite is expected to be about 2,350 kilograms, and its lifespan is greater than one year. The main detection goals of the satellite are: to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface; to analyze the content of useful elements and the distribution characteristics of material types on the lunar surface; to detect the thickness of the lunar soil and the space environment from the earth to the moon.

Technical difficulties

1. Orbit design and flight program control issues

2. Three-vector control issue for satellite attitude control

3 , Satellite environment adaptability design

4. Long-distance measurement and control and communication issues

The "Chang'e-1" satellite was developed by the China Academy of Space Technology and is mainly used to obtain three-dimensional images of the lunar surface. Image, analyze the distribution characteristics of relevant material elements on the lunar surface, detect the thickness of the lunar soil, detect the Earth-lunar space environment, etc. The "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite consists of two parts: the satellite platform and the payload. The satellite platform was developed using Dongfanghong-3 satellite platform technology, and scientific researchers made adaptive modifications to eight subsystems including structure, propulsion, power supply, measurement and control, and data transmission. The payload includes scientific detection instruments such as CCD stereo cameras, imaging spectrometers, solar cosmic ray monitors and low-energy particle detectors.

The "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in October 2007 by the "Long March 3A" carrier rocket. After the satellite is launched, it will take 8 to 9 days to complete the phase-modulation orbit segment, the Earth-moon transfer orbit segment and the lunar orbit segment to perform scientific exploration missions. It will complete four major scientific tasks. The primary purpose is to "portrait" the moon, that is, to obtain lunar surface images and three-dimensional images through various means. In addition, it is also necessary to analyze the distribution characteristics of the content of useful elements and material types on the lunar surface, and to detect the thickness of the lunar soil and the cislunar space environment.

Experts said that the Chang'e-1 satellite is two meters square. After the solar wings are unfolded, it can be up to 18 meters long. It has a take-off weight of 2,350 kilograms. It will take 10-12 days for the satellite to fly near the moon. Chang'e-1 is designed to have a one-year lifespan and will not return to Earth after its mission.

Plan preparation

The lunar exploration plan has been brewing for 10 years

my country's aerospace science and technology workers conducted a study on the necessity and feasibility of lunar exploration activities as early as 1994 ,

In 1996, the research on the technical scheme of the lunar exploration satellite was completed.

In 1998, the research on the key technologies of the satellite was completed, and then in-depth demonstration work was carried out.

Testing

The payload prototype system of "Chang'e-1", the first satellite of China's lunar exploration program, is undergoing final joint testing to ensure that scientific exploration equipment can work properly in space in the future. .

The development and testing of the "Chang'e-1" satellite payload is handled by the Space Science and Applied Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wu Ji, commander-in-chief of the payload and director of the Space Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview on the 16th: "In the final stage of joint testing of the payload prototype system, all developers should continue to maintain a rigorous and meticulous work attitude and complete the work according to quality requirements. Prototype joint testing ensures the smooth delivery of payload equipment and the successful completion of engineering tasks. ”

Satellite payloads vary according to different space missions. At this stage, they are mainly instruments for scientific exploration and scientific experiments. equipment. The "Chang'e-1" satellite payload will include a microwave detector subsystem, a space environment detection subsystem, and a payload data management subsystem.

It is understood that the microwave detector subsystem will mainly estimate and evaluate the thickness of the lunar soil. This is the first time in the world that passive microwave remote sensing methods have been used to detect the lunar surface. The space environment detection subsystem consists of three devices including the solar high-energy particle detector, which will detect the space environment parameters of the Earth, the Moon and the near moon.

"Chang'e-1" was launched in 2007 and then orbited the moon for one year of exploration.

After long-term preparation and 10 years of demonstration, China's lunar exploration plan was officially launched in January 2004 and is called the "Chang'e Project". The project currently focuses on lunar exploration, lunar three-dimensional image analysis, global content and distribution investigation of useful lunar elements and material types, lunar soil thickness exploration, and cislunar space environment detection.

Satellite launch

After the "Chang'e-1" satellite is launched, it will first be sent into a geosynchronous elliptical orbit. The closest distance to the ground is 200 kilometers and the furthest distance is 5.1 Thousands of kilometers, the lunar exploration satellite will take 16 hours to circle this orbit, and then accelerate to enter a larger elliptical orbit. The closest distance to the ground is 500 kilometers, and the farthest is 128,000 kilometers. It will take 48 hours to complete one circle. . After that, the detection satellite continued to accelerate and began to "run" to the moon. After about 114 hours of flight, when it was about to reach the moon, it relied on the reverse boost of the control rocket to slow down. After being "captured" by the moon's gravity, it became a lunar satellite. It eventually flew around the moon in a polar lunar orbit at an altitude of 200 kilometers from the lunar surface, and carried out work such as shooting three-dimensional images.

The satellite's flight to the moon will take a total of 114 hours and will be nearly 384,400 kilometers away from the earth. In the past, satellites launched by China were generally about 35,800 kilometers away from the ground, a difference of almost 10 times.

Countdown to launch of "Chang'e-1"

36 hours: Some systems undergo final "physical examination".

12 hours: Enter the pre-launch function check state.

8 hours: Enter the launch procedure, and each system will make auxiliary preparations.

7 hours: Add liquid oxygen.

5.5 hours: Add liquid hydrogen.

2 hours: Enter the pre-launch system. The ground began to power up the system, and various passwords also began to be issued at this time.

40 minutes: The No. 3 tower revolving platform begins to unfold.

15 minutes: The last batch of personnel evacuated.

90 seconds: transfer. Powering the system from the ground becomes battery power inside the system.

60 seconds: The orange cable swing rod extending from the back of the tower to the front tower is now swinging out, ready to ignite and launch the rocket.

40 seconds: Commander No. 01 begins to report the countdown.

30 seconds: influence. It was a proprietary command of the launch system in the past. Although the system is no longer used, this procedure is still used today.

10 seconds: ignition countdown.

0 seconds: ignition.

Log

Successfully launched into space at 18:05:04.602 seconds on October 24, 2007!

18:07 The rocket's first and second stages are separated

18:09 The fairing is separated and the rocket flies out of the atmosphere

18:10 The rocket's second and third stages are separated

18:15 The three-stage rocket engine shuts down once and the star-rocket combination enters the taxiing stage

18:25 The satellite enters the initial earth orbit

18:26 The three-stage rocket performs the second time Ignition

18:28 The three-stage rocket engine shut down for the second time

18:29 The satellite rocket separated the satellite and entered a super geosynchronous orbit with a perigee of 205 kilometers and an apogee of 50,930 kilometers, with a period of 16 hours.

18:36 Satellite charges transferred to Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center

18:59 Satellite solar panel opened

Confirmed at 19:15 on October 24 Launch successful!

The first orbit change was completed at 17:55 on October 25th! 130 seconds after the command was issued, the satellite's perigee altitude was raised from about 200 kilometers to about 600 kilometers, and the orbit change was a complete success. This orbit change shows that the propulsion system of the Chang'e-1 satellite is working normally, and also laid the foundation for the subsequent three perigee orbit changes. This orbit change was carried out when the Chang'e-1 satellite was at its second apogee after one and a half revolutions in a large elliptical orbit with a period of about 16 hours.

At 17:44 on October 26, news came from the Yuanwang-3 ship that the Chang'e-1 satellite successfully implemented its second orbit change! This is the first perigee orbit change of a satellite.

After the second orbit change of the Chang'e-1 satellite, it will enter a 24-hour orbit. The apogee height increased from more than 50,000 kilometers to more than 70,000 kilometers.

On October 29, during the second perigee orbit change, the satellite's apogee altitude increased from more than 70,000 kilometers to more than 120,000 kilometers, setting a new record for my country's farthest space measurement and control. Entering a 48-hour orbit around the Earth. At 18:01:39 on October 29, Beijing time, news came from the Yuanwang-3 survey ship that the satellite successfully changed orbit for the third time!

At 17:28 on October 31, the Chang'e-1 satellite successfully carried out its third perigee orbit change, successfully entered the Earth-moon transfer orbit, and began to fly to the moon. The satellite's apogee altitude increased from more than 120,000 kilometers to more than 370,000 kilometers, and it entered a 114-hour Earth-moon transfer orbit. This is also the fourth orbit change after the satellite was put into orbit. At 17:15 Beijing time, the Chang'e-1 satellite received an instruction. After the engine worked for 784 seconds, it shut down normally. The calculations of various measurement data by the Beijing Flight Control Center showed that the satellite changed orbit successfully! It successfully entered the Earth-Moon transfer orbit from the Earth orbit.

At 10:33 am on November 2, the Chang'e-1 satellite successfully implemented its first mid-orbit correction. At 10:25, in accordance with the instructions, the two small thrust engines mounted on the Chang'e-1 satellite were successfully ignited and the satellite's flight course was corrected. At 10:33, the engine was shut down and the satellite's first orbit correction was completed. (Later cancelled)

At 11:15 on November 5, the main engine of the Chang'e-1 satellite was ignited, and the first near-month braking began. Chang'e's near-month braking will last for 22 minutes. At 11:37, the main engine of the Chang'e-1 satellite was shut down, marking the end of the first braking operation in recent months. Arriving at a distance of 420 kilometers from the moon, it entered a 12-hour lunar orbit for the first time in near-lunar space.

On November 6, the second near-lunar braking operation entered an orbit with a peri-lunar point of 200 kilometers and a far-lunar point of 1,700 kilometers, with a period of 3.5 hours, and ran 3 times.

At 8:24 on November 7, the third near-month braking will begin, and this time the near-month braking will last for 10 minutes. At 8:34, the third near-lunar braking was successfully completed. The satellite entered the polar moon circular working orbit with a period of 127 minutes and an altitude of 200 kilometers. It started working and transmitted 30 songs to the ground.

On November 26, the China National Space Administration officially announced the first lunar surface image returned by the Chang'e-1 satellite. This image of the lunar surface is located on the lunar surface from 83 degrees east longitude to 57 degrees east longitude, and from 70 degrees south latitude to 54 degrees south latitude. The map is approximately 280 kilometers wide and 460 kilometers long.

Orbit change

Importance

At 18:29 on the 24th, after the satellite and arrow were successfully separated, the Chang'e-1 satellite entered the perigee at 205 kilometers and the apogee at 205 kilometers. A supergeosynchronous orbit of 50,930 kilometers with a period of 16 hours. After the satellite "runs" in this orbit for one and a half times, it is expected to make its first orbit change on the afternoon of the 25th. After the orbit change, the perigee of the satellite's orbit will be raised to about 600 kilometers from the earth. After the satellite and the launch vehicle separate, it requires four orbit changes to gradually accelerate to the entrance speed of the Earth-Moon transfer orbit. Each perigee acceleration time is only a few minutes, and commands must be issued to the satellite in a short time, and the satellite engine must respond accurately, otherwise the satellite may fly in another direction.

Location

At 17:55 on the 25th, the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center implemented the first orbit control of the Chang'e-1 satellite and achieved success. This orbit change was implemented when the satellite moved to apogee, and the next three orbit changes to be performed were all implemented at perigee. Why was the first orbit change chosen to be carried out at apogee?

Zhang Bo from the Beijing Institute of Tracking Communications and Technology is the chief designer of the measurement and control system for the lunar exploration project. He participated in the overall design task of the Chang'e-1 satellite measurement and control communication scheme. He said that when controlling the orbit of a satellite, it is generally done at perigee and apogee. This can save the fuel carried on the satellite to the maximum extent. The first orbit change of the Chang'e-1 satellite was carried out at the apogee in order to raise the orbital altitude of the satellite's perigee.

“Only by changing the orbit at apogee can the orbit height of perigee be raised.” Zhang Bo said, “For the same reason, to change the height of apogee, it is necessary to change the orbit at perigee. For the first orbit change, we When the height of the satellite's perigee is raised, it will increase the tracking and control time of the measurement ship deployed near the perigee, which is beneficial to monitoring the orbit change process. Because the higher the satellite is from the ground, the longer the tracking and control time of the measurement and control station and ship will be. This will lay a solid foundation for the three perigee orbit changes to be carried out in the future."

Zhang Bo said that according to the measurement and control plan, the first perigee orbit change of the Chang'e-1 satellite will be carried out on October 26. After the orbit change, the satellite will enter an orbit with an apogee of 71,400 kilometers and a 24-hour period. After the second perigee orbit change, the satellite will enter an orbit around the Earth with an apogee of 121,700 kilometers and a period of 48 hours. During the third perigee orbit change, the satellite will enter the earth-moon transfer orbit and embark on a five-day journey to the moon.

According to the first law of Kepler's three laws of planetary motion: the orbits of all planets are ellipses, and the sun is located at one focus of the ellipse. In polar coordinates with the sun S as the pole and the perihelion direction SP as the polar axis, the motion trajectory of the planet relative to the sun is an ellipse PP1P2P'1P', and PSP'=2a represents the major axis of the ellipse. This law also applies to satellite systems. Since it is an elliptical orbit, of course there is the closest place and the farthest place. Therefore, for a flying object flying around the earth, the farthest point (from the earth) in the elliptical orbit is the apogee, and the closest point is the perigee.

Detaching from the Earth

After being launched, the "Chang'e-1" satellite must first circle the Earth 5 times in 5 days. The first stage is 3 times. The circle lasts 16 hours, the second stage takes 24 hours to circle, and the third stage takes 48 hours to circle.

About a day after the rocket put the satellite into orbit, commands were injected from the ground, and the satellite's main engine was ignited to implement orbit change, raising the perigee to about 600 kilometers, so that the satellite's speed would be relatively reduced when passing over the measurement and control station, which would facilitate Follow-up control. The second, third, and fourth ignitions are used to implement orbit changes to continuously accelerate the satellite: the purpose of these three orbit changes is to accelerate. Each time the orbit changes, the speed of the satellite increases a little. After three accumulations, the satellite accelerates to 10.916 kilometers/ The minimum speed of entering the Earth-Moon transfer orbit is more than one second, and it flies towards the moon.

Top Ten Key Points

At 18:05 on October 24, in Xichang, a place known as the "Hometown of the Moon Daughter", the Long March-3A carrier rocket lifted With the Chang'e-1 satellite successfully launched into space - "Chang'e" thus began its journey to the moon.

During the long journey of the Chang'e-1 satellite to the moon 380,000 kilometers away, a series of highly complex and risky actions were required.

"If the 10 key links from satellite launch to final data analysis can be successfully completed, then my country's first lunar exploration will be a complete success." Luan Enjie, commander-in-chief of China's lunar exploration project, said in an interview with Xinhua reporter said in an interview.

So, what do these 10 joint points refer to?

Joint 1: Launch

The Chang'e-1 satellite was launched into space by the Long March-3A carrier rocket, known as the "gold medal rocket".

Looking at the history of human lunar exploration, we can see that in the lunar exploration activities of the United States and the Soviet Union in the 20th century, detection failures caused by launch vehicle failures accounted for a large proportion. Therefore, the high reliability of the launch vehicle is a necessary prerequisite to ensure the success of lunar exploration.

This launch is the 15th launch of the Long March-3A carrier rocket. So far, the launch success rate of this type of rocket is 100%. Previously, the Long March 3A launch vehicle and the widely used Dongfanghong 3 satellite platform have been "marriageed" many times, and each time they have achieved complete success. Such a "strong man" is used to lift the Dongfanghong 3 satellite platform. The developed Chang'e-1 satellite couldn't be more suitable.

Among the three existing space launch sites in my country, only the Xichang Satellite Launch Center has the ability to launch Long March 3A and other high-thrust rockets, and it has a low latitude, high altitude, pleasant climate, and convenient transportation. , is an ideal place to launch various types of geosynchronous orbit satellites.

Joint Point 2: Into Orbit

Whether the satellite can accurately enter the intended orbit is an important indicator of whether the launch is successful.

When the Long March-3A carrier rocket launched the Chang'e-1 satellite, it first ignited the first, second and third stages to send the satellite into low-Earth orbit and then landed in low-Earth orbit. Orbitally glide for a while.

At 1249 seconds after the rocket took off, the three-stage rocket ignited for the second time; at 1373 seconds, the three-stage rocket's secondary ignition engine shut down. At 1473 seconds, the star-arrow separation was successful, and the Chang'e-1 satellite entered a large elliptical orbit with a perigee of about 200 kilometers, an apogee of about 51,000 kilometers, and an operating time of 16 hours, becoming a satellite orbiting the earth.

Joint Point 3: Orbit Change

After the Chang'e-1 satellite flew one and a half times in a 16-hour orbit, on the afternoon of October 25, the ground injected a command, and the thrust on the satellite was 50 Newton's attitude adjustment engine began to ignite. About 4 minutes later, the main engine with a thrust of 490 Newtons ignited to implement orbit change, raising the satellite's orbit to the perigee to about 600 kilometers from the earth.

On the afternoon of October 26, when the satellite reached perigee again, the satellite's main engine was turned on again, and the huge thrust raised the satellite to a 24-hour orbit.

After three laps in the 24-hour orbit, the main engine on the satellite was ignited for the third time and the second perigee orbit change was carried out. The Chang'e-1 satellite entered the 48-hour orbit. This moment occurs around October 29th.

These orbit changes are made through the engine on the satellite to accelerate the satellite. Theoretically, a single orbit change can be achieved, but in order to make full use of fuel and facilitate ground control, scientists have gradually broken down the orbit change.

Joint 4: Flying to the Moon

After 7 days of "warming up" in three large elliptical orbits, the Chang'e-1 satellite will officially fly to the moon.

On October 31, when the satellite reached perigee again, the main engine was turned on, and the satellite's speed increased to more than 10.916 kilometers/second in just a few minutes, entering the Earth-moon transfer orbit. , the flyby from the Earth to the Moon truly began.

The Chang'e-1 satellite has three advantages in choosing this way to fly to the moon: first, it can ensure that the gravity loss is controlled below 5%; second, it can arrange several perigee maneuvers in the same area, which is conducive to Ground monitoring; third, a 24-hour orbit is arranged, which can more easily solve the problem of delayed launch date.

Joint Point 5: Correction

In the Earth-Moon Transfer Orbit, that is, the distance from the Earth’s orbit to the Moon’s orbit, the Chang’e-1 satellite needs to fly for about 114 hours.

In the history of human lunar exploration activities, there have been many accidents in which the probe failed to capture the moon and was lost among the stars. This was mostly due to inaccurate satellite attitude and speed control during flight. caused. If the satellite has a velocity error of 1 meter/second or a height error of 1 kilometer at the perigee of the Earth-moon transfer orbit, it will produce a position error of several thousand kilometers when it flies near the moon.

During high-speed flight, the Chang'e-1 satellite must make mid-course corrections under instructions from the ground. Generally speaking, at least two corrections are required, the first is within one day of entering the Earth-Moon transfer orbit, and the second is within one day before reaching the moon. These instructions were issued by the Space Flight Control Center in Beijing.

Joint Point 6: Braking

Around November 5, when the Chang'e-1 satellite reaches a position 200 kilometers away from the moon, it needs to decelerate and brake, that is, "braking" ". Only in this way can it be captured by the moon's gravity and become a satellite flying around the moon.

This is an important step in realizing a flight around the moon: if the "brake" is too late, the satellite will hit the moon; if the "brake" is too late, the satellite will drift into space. Whether the "brake" is successful depends crucially on whether the satellite's position and velocity vector at that time are correct. After multiple reviews and recalculations, Chinese scientists have broken through this technical problem.

Joint Point 7: Orbiting the Moon

The first near-lunar braking of the Chang'e-1 satellite will occur at 11:25 on November 5, when it will transfer its orbit from the Earth to the Moon. Entering 12-hour lunar orbit. From this moment on, the Chang'e-1 satellite became a true moon-orbiting satellite.

Around November 6, the Chang'e-1 satellite performed its second near-month braking, further reducing its speed. The satellite entered a 3.5-hour orbit and ran 7 times in this orbit.

Around November 7, the Chang'e-1 satellite performed its third near-lunar braking and entered a 127-minute lunar polar orbit. This is the working orbit of satellites flying around the moon. This orbit is circular and is 200 kilometers above the moon's surface.

At this time, the Chang'e-1 satellite will transmit back to the ground 30 songs selected by public voting.

Joint Point 8: Detection

After the lunar working orbit is established, the "8 weapons" carried by the Chang'e-1 satellite will begin to show their talents, and they will be busy and busy to complete the four major scientific goals. work.

If nothing goes wrong, the CCD stereo camera carried by the satellite will be able to send back the first photo of the moon in late November, which is an important sign of the success of orbiting the moon.

The interference imaging spectrometer, laser altimeter, and CCD stereo camera will jointly accomplish the first scientific goal, which is to obtain a three-dimensional image of the lunar surface; the γ-ray spectrometer and the X-ray spectrometer will work together to image the moon. The content and distribution of useful elements and material types on the surface are analyzed.

The microwave detector, which is used in lunar exploration for the first time, will detect the thickness of the lunar soil and the amount of helium-3 resources; and the space environment detection composed of solar high-energy particle detectors and solar wind ion detectors The system will continuously capture protons, electrons and ions to detect the "Earth-Moon" space environment within a range of 40,000 to 400,000 kilometers.

Joint No. 9: Transmission

According to the popular saying of scientists, the purchase for "Chang'e" this time is a "one-way ticket."

So, how does the Chang'e-1 satellite, which has never returned, transmit detection data back to the earth from 380,000 kilometers away?

The Chang'e-1 satellite carries two transmission antennas: one is a directional antenna, which is always directed towards the receiving antenna on the earth; one is an omnidirectional antenna, which is an antenna with no fixed direction.

The huge space attenuation and time delay greatly increase the technical difficulty of receiving lunar exploration data on the ground. The ground application system has specially built two large-diameter antennas called radio telescopes for this purpose: one in Miyun, Beijing, with an antenna diameter of 50 meters; one in Kunming, Yunnan, with an diameter of 40 meters.

The two large-diameter antennas are like a pair of huge eyes, always watching every move of the Chang'e-1 satellite and collecting all the information transmitted by the satellite.

Joint Point 10: Research

The data obtained by the Chang'e-1 satellite after going through many difficulties and dangers is very precious. Whether these data can be fully utilized will determine the value of lunar exploration activities.

The data transmitted to the ground will be sent to the ground application system headquarters in Beijing for preprocessing. The preprocessed data will be organized by the ground application system for further research and processing by more scientists and technicians to derive the latest research results or scientific discoveries.

The National Space Administration announced that many data obtained by the Chang'e-1 satellite will be fully disclosed for research and sharing by scientists around the world. "Chang'e", a native of China, will make her own contribution to mankind's aerospace industry.

Reactions from all walks of life

Although it was 48 years, 9 months and 22 days later than the world's first lunar exploration satellite, the former Soviet Union's "Lunar 1", it was unveiled The lunar exploration project, which has ushered in a new chapter in China's deep space exploration era, still attracts widespread attention from the international community. After the "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite was launched, foreign media immediately commented on this.

Associated Press: China took the first step to land on the moon

After the Xichang Satellite Launch Center announced the successful separation of the satellite and rocket, the Associated Press immediately issued "China successfully launched a lunar exploration Satellite" reported: "China successfully launched its first lunar exploration satellite, taking the first step in an ambitious ten-year plan to send a landing vehicle to the moon and return it to the earth. Chinese state television broadcast the rocket taking off. Picture..."

Reuters: "Chang'e" prepares for the moon landing plan

British Reuters published a commentary on the 24th saying that along with the dream of space and the progress of science and technology and patriotism, China launched its first lunar exploration satellite, "Chang'e-1". The article said that the "Chang'e-1" lunar orbiting project is China's first space exploration activity. This project is to prepare for the 2010 lunar rover and subsequent lunar landing plans.

AFP: Marking the improvement of China’s global status

AFP published an article on the 24th saying that China launched a lunar exploration satellite for the first time, a pioneering move that marked the improvement of China’s global status. . European Space Agency spokesman Rene Osterlinck said that the race for lunar exploration is gradually unfolding, and the United States is also preparing to revive the lunar exploration program with the goal of building a permanent lunar base to conduct Mars exploration.

Vietnam News Agency: A milestone in the history of China’s space exploration

The Vietnam News Agency published an article on the 24th saying: “China has taken the first step of a three-phase lunar exploration plan, which is a milestone in China’s space exploration. A new milestone in history..."

Korea's "Chosun Ilbo": Realizing the Chinese people's millennium dream

On the 24th, Wu Tae-jin, chief commentator of South Korea's "Chosun Ilbo", said "Chang'e Ilbo" The title "No. 1 realizes the Chinese people's millennium dream" wrote: "China launched a lunar exploration satellite to realize the 'millennium dream'. The whole country is excited about it. But we can only watch quietly from the side."

India The military studies China’s lunar exploration

From October 23 to 28, the Indian Army and Navy held joint commanders’ meetings in New Delhi. The meeting coincided with the launch of China's "Chang'e-1" lunar exploration satellite. Therefore, China's lunar exploration project and overall aerospace strength became a hot topic among these senior generals, and further stimulated the enthusiasm of the Indian armed forces in preparing to build the "Space Force".

According to the "Times of India" disclosure on October 23, after the Indian Air Force announced the establishment of a space command last year, the Indian Army and Navy also used this year's commanders' meeting to launch their own "Space Force" considerations, and "Space teams" were established in their respective headquarters.

A senior officer of the Indian Army revealed that at present, the Indian army, navy and air force are actively discussing the tactics, tactics and strategic applications of space, because the decision-makers of the three Indian armies believe that future wars will be fought without There is no need to fight "space resources" because "the modern military relies heavily on various technologies and systems in space."

What makes the Indian armed forces very urgent is that China’s space test in January this year was “like a bolt from the blue” for India. In addition, the lunar exploration project is ahead of India. In comparison, India does not even have a specific long-term plan for space. Therefore, the commanders of the three services feel a "sense of urgency."

The Indian Ministry of Defense recently released the "2020 Defense Space Outlook". This strategic guidance document emphasizes that before 2012, the Indian military will be committed to developing space intelligence, reconnaissance, detection, communications and navigation. To achieve this goal, India has to complete more than 1,000 related scientific research projects and launch multiple military spy satellites. Even if the above goals are achieved, India is still very far away from achieving the military's goals of timely military communications, reconnaissance intelligence transmission, missile early warning, satellite signal guidance for precision bombs, and interfering with enemy networks.

China's lunar exploration program

Three major stages

Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's lunar exploration project and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that "Chang'e-1" is the launch of my country's lunar exploration project The average distance of the farthest satellites from the earth is 380,000 kilometers. Before this, the farthest satellites launched by our country were 40,000 kilometers from the ground.