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What is national debt? Can everyone buy it?

National debt is a bond issued by the state, a government bond issued by the central government to raise financial funds, and a debt certificate issued by the central government to investors, which promises to repay the principal and interest within a certain period of time. Because the issuer of national debt is the country, it has the highest credit and is recognized as the safest investment tool.

You can buy it in all four major banks.

1.( 1) All major banks under the central bank can buy government bonds.

(2) The general interest rate is much higher than the central bank interest rate in the same period, so there is no risk. According to the previous law, the beginning of each year or April and May is the issuance period of national debt.

Second, the method of buying bonds: three channels for individuals to buy bonds:

1. Securities companies open accounts and trade in the exchange. At present, there are book-entry treasury bonds, corporate bonds, corporate bonds and convertible bonds circulating in the exchange bond market. In this market, as long as individual investors open bond accounts in the business department of securities companies, they can buy bonds just like stocks, and they can also realize the spread trading of bonds.

2. Buy savings bonds at the bank counter. You can subscribe for voucher-type treasury bonds and book-entry treasury bonds issued to the bank counter bond market at the time of bond issuance. These bonds are generally illiquid and are only sold by individual investors, which play a more savings role. Investors can only hold it at maturity and get coupon interest income; However, some banks will provide investors with voucher-type treasury bond pledge loans, which provides a certain degree of liquidity. To purchase voucher-type treasury bonds, investors only need to hold their valid identity documents and open an account at the bank counter. Opening a personal treasury bond escrow account for savings bonds only does not charge opening fees and maintenance fees, and the proceeds from treasury bonds are exempt from interest tax. Now with the popularity of online banking, banks also have electronic government bonds, which can be purchased through online banking.

3. Bond funds and fixed-income products Except for treasury bonds and financial bonds, almost all bond markets circulate in the inter-bank bond market, including subordinated bonds, short-term corporate financing bonds, ordinary financial bonds of commercial banks and foreign currency bonds. These varieties generally have higher returns, but individual investors are still unable to invest directly. Bond funds can invest in government bonds, financial bonds, corporate bonds and convertible bonds, while banks can invest in a wider range of fixed-income products, including government bonds, policy bank financial bonds, central bank bills, short-term financing bonds and other bonds issued in the national interbank market.

(1) What individual investors can generally buy are short-term government bonds.

(2) At present, banks mainly sell treasury bonds with a maturity of less than 10, and now the interest rate of three-year treasury bonds is 10 every month.

(3) The interest rate is 4.92%, and the interest rate of five-year treasury bonds is 5.32%. 30-year and 50-year treasury bonds are only issued to banking institutions.

China began to issue domestic bonds at the end of Qing Dynasty, and borrowed a lot of foreign debts that humiliated the country.

The red regime led by China's * * * production party also issued bonds many times during the period of new democracy. For example, in 1932, Jiangxi Central Revolutionary Base issued "revolutionary war short-term bonds" in two phases, with a total amount of1800,000 yuan.

After the founding of New China, China's national debt issuance can be divided into three stages:

The first stage is 1950, and the new China has just been established. At that time, in order to ensure the supply of the ongoing revolutionary war and restore the national economy, "people's victory bonds" with a total value of about 30.2 billion yuan were issued.

The second stage is 1954- 1958. In order to carry out socialist economic construction, "national economic construction bonds" with a total amount of 3.546 billion yuan were issued in five times.

The third stage is after 1979. In order to overcome financial difficulties and raise funds for key construction projects, China began to issue government bonds again from 198 1. By the end of 1995, * * 8 kinds of domestic bonds, including national bonds, national key construction bonds, financial bonds, special bonds, directional bonds, value-added bonds and convertible bonds, had accumulated a balance of 330 billion yuan.