Teaching knowledge of couplets

Teaching knowledge of couplets

In today’s social life, everyone must have come into contact with some commonly used couplets. The exquisite and exquisite couplet format not only has a long history of History and traditional habits, and based on widespread use by the masses, there is also a unified point requirement and a fixed format. So have you ever understood the couplets? Below is the teaching knowledge of couplets that I have collected and organized. Everyone is welcome to share.

Teaching objectives:

1. Stimulate students' interest in couplets, one of the essences of traditional literature of the motherland.

2． Master the knowledge of couplets.

3． Through couplet exercises, students can improve their ability to use language and characters.

Teaching process:

1. Introduction with interesting couplet stories

The interest of dumb couplets

After Su Dong was demoted to Huangzhou, Live together for several years. One evening, he and his friend monk Foyin went boating on the Yangtze River. Su Shi suddenly pointed to the left bank with his hand and smiled without saying a word. Foyin looked around and saw a yellow dog gnawing on a bone. He suddenly realized something and threw the cattail leaf fan inscribed with Su Dongpo's poem into the water. The two looked at each other and couldn't help laughing.

It turns out that this is a dumb couplet. Su Shi's first couplet means: Dogs gnaw on (monk's) bones on the river; the second couplet of Buddha's seal means: Water flows Dongpo corpse (Dongpo poem).

2. The origin of the couplet:

The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival among Chinese people. Because it falls on the first day of the first lunar month, it is the beginning of the year in the lunar calendar. At this time, families gather together and celebrate warmly, which is called "New Year". During the Chinese New Year, every household likes to write and paste Spring Festival couplets, using auspicious sentences to express their wishes and expectations for the new year. Therefore, Spring Festival couplets have become part of our country’s traditional festival culture.

Spring couplets have a long history, and their predecessor was called "Taofu". That is, a rectangular wooden board is cut from dark red peach wood, and pictures of two gods - Shen Tu (tú;) and Yu Lei are painted on the wooden board, and nailed on both sides of the door to drive away ghosts and evil spirits and seek good luck.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, there was a monarch in Later Shu named Meng Chang (chǎng). On New Year's Eve one year, he was in a good mood, so he asked Xin Yinxun, a Hanlin scholar next to him, to write two auspicious words on a peach board, hoping to hang them at the door of his bedroom. When Xin Yinxun finished writing, Meng Chang didn't like it, so he picked up the pen and wrote ten words himself: "New Year's Day, Happy Festival, Changchun." Although there were not many words, these two sentences were very auspicious. "Yu Qing" means Yu Fu. It means receiving new blessings in the new year. The second sentence is that the beautiful festival is called the Spring Festival, which means that the warm spring will stay in the world forever. These ten words not only contrast neatly, but also cleverly embed the four words "New Year" in them. So when Meng Chang finished writing, the ministers around him applauded, and Meng Chang was naturally very happy.

From then on, the peach charms gradually evolved into couplets, and later the peach wood was replaced by red paper. When the Spring Festival comes, bright red couplets are posted on the doors of every house, and the festive atmosphere naturally becomes more intense. (Commonly known as couplets and couplets, commonly known as pairs)

3. Characteristics of couplets

(1) Couplings are neat and neat. Couplings are also called duels (in ancient times, weapons were used to defend nobles. It is a pair of left and right, a battle of honor, and later became a guard of honor)

1. The number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, no more, no less.

2. The same part of speech

The words in the couplet require correspondence, that is, what is often said is "virtual to imaginary, real to real", that is, nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives , quantifier versus quantifier, adverb versus adverb, and relative words must be in the same position.

3. The structures are equivalent.

The first couplet has a subject-predicate structure, so the second couplet must use a subject-predicate structure; the first couplet uses a verb-object structure, and the second couplet can only use a verb-object structure. structure.

(2) Coordination of oblique and oblique characters in the upper and lower lines of the couplet. The oblique and oblique characters in the upper and lower lines of the couplets must be opposite. Same. The last character of the upper and lower lines of the upper and lower lines is traditionally "廄 rises and falls flat", and some people call it "Shang Zhe and Xia Ping", that is, the last word of the first line is in the 廄 tone, and the last word of the second line is in the flat tone.

Question: Ask a classmate to interpret the three characteristics of the couplet

Example: Spring is everywhere, every family has a new atmosphere

A night of breeze blows thousands of red flowers in spring The drizzle dyes thousands of green trees

Teacher’s words: But there are exceptions

Yuan Shikai is eternal, long live the Chinese people

It is a very famous ironic couplet. This is During the Chinese New Year after Yuan Shikai's death, people posted Spring Festival couplets. At that time, some people were surprised that the first couplet had five characters and the second couplet had six characters, so they copied it and asked scholars. The scholar laughed and said: It means that Yuan Shikai was sorry for the Chinese people!

In addition, the teacher should add the third characteristic of the couplets

(3) The content is connected and the upper and lower parts are connected

That is, the meanings of the upper and lower couplets must be related, but also Cannot be repeated. The meanings of the upper and lower couplets can be similar or opposite. They can only say one thing, or they may also say two things separately.

The first line "The motherland is good", the second line "The earth's atmosphere is new"; the first line "wiping away the old habits of thousands of years", the second line "Establishing a new generation of new trends"; the first line "Winter goes to spring and thousands of willows welcome the wind and green", The second line "The people are safe and the country is peaceful, thousands of miles of rivers and mountains reflect the red sun" (National Volume 1).

Directly opposite: The upper and lower couplets each write about one thing, each with a complete meaning, but the two are harmoniously unified, that is to say, the upper and lower couplets are in a parallel relationship and the content is related.

Objection: The upper and lower couplets are positive and negative, showing a turning relationship, with opposite meanings. The words used in the couplets are mostly antonyms, and the theme should be expressed more profoundly and distinctly.

String pairs are also called running pairs: one meaning is divided into two sentences. The contents of the upper and lower lines are inherited. The second line is the continuation and supplement of the meaning of the upper line. At the same time, it deepens the theme to be expressed in the upper line. The upper and lower lines are independent. It doesn't make any sense or makes sense. The upper and lower couplets generally have relationships such as cause and effect, coherence, conditions, assumptions, etc. In terms of content, the first couplet is basically the same as the upper and lower couplets. They are related and complementary to each other, and they all only have the characteristics of "one-sidedness". This form of couplet is called a positive pair.

In terms of content of the second couplet, the upper and lower couplets are opposite, setting off each other and forming a contrast, which gives the couplet a strong artistic effect and leaves a deep impression on people. This is what we often call opposition.

In terms of content, the third couplet has the same meaning, and the meaning is in a series. The upper and lower couplets are closely connected and coherent. Two-sentence couplets are called string pairs or running water pairs.

IV. Writing and posting of couplets

Vertical writing without punctuation

The top couplet is on the right and the bottom couplet is on the left

V. Couplets Three Notes

To write good couplets, in addition to abiding by the "Five Notes" mentioned above, in general, you must also pay attention to the "Three Characteristics", namely:

( 1) Pay attention to the ideological nature

Couplets require correct viewpoints and healthy content. For example:

For example, the first line of the first line is "Looking at the lakes and mountains from all sides", and the second line "The sorrows and joys of all families are in the heart".

This connection is caused by the scenery and the emotions. The content is healthy and the style is elegant.

(2) Pay attention to pertinence

When writing and posting couplets, they must be in line with the season, environment, people, events, atmosphere, industry characteristics, and even the thoughts and feelings of the here and now. We should adapt measures to the times, local conditions, people and events. For example:

For example, the 20xx Spring Festival Gala will have one of the most beautiful scenery, which is the couplets presented by each province

The first couplet: The eight hundred miles of Dongting is magnificent with Yueyang

< p> The second line: Two Thousand Years of Viewing the Yellow Crane at Red Cliff

The first line: Spring and Autumn Tashi Delek in the Snowy Land

The second line: Urumqi in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains

This couplet says There are two ethnic minority autonomous regions in our country. This couplet talks about Tibet, and the second couplet talks about Xinjiang. This couplet uses transliterated words from Tibetan and Mongolian. "Tashi Delek" in Tibetan means "good luck" and expresses welcome and blessing. "Urumqi" is the capital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and "Urumqi" means "beautiful" in Mongolian. "Prairie" or "fertile pasture", this couplet is indeed unique.

(3) Pay attention to literariness

When writing couplets, you need to use some rhetorical techniques (word splitting, metaphor, personification, pun), and also pay attention to the precise words and sentences. If there is no writing, the journey will not go far." If the couplet has no writing, it will be boring and affect the artistic effect. Such as:

Example

1. Character splitting method: use the splitting and combination of Chinese radicals to form couplets.

An old tree dies and this wood becomes firewood. A good girl is especially wonderful.

2. Inlaid name grid: The couplets are cleverly embedded with names of people [the names of people need to be embedded with famous people, and names cannot be made up randomly to match] or the names of places or things, also called [inlaid name grid]

For example: Two boats go hand in hand , the oar speed [Lu Su] is not as fast as the sail [Fan Kuai]

The eight notes are played in unison, the flute is clear [Di Qing], it is difficult to compare with the flute [Xiao He]

3. Rhetorical question

Sutras and repentance can lead to transcendence. Is it possible that the King of Hell is afraid of monks?

Money can atone for sins, but the Bodhisattva is actually a corrupt official?

Character refining: According to legend, Su Dongpo once admired paintings with his sister Su Xiaomei and poet friend Huang Shangu. The above couplet is very interesting. After "gentle breeze and thin willow" and "pale moon plum blossom", my younger sister suggested adding words in the middle. Su Dongpo immediately said: Add "shake" to the former sentence and "ying" to the latter sentence, which becomes "The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms." Unexpectedly, Su Xiaomei judged it as "low quality". Huang Tingjian then said: "The gentle breeze dances on the thin willows, and the pale moon hides the plum blossoms." The younger sister smiled and said: "It's good, but it's still not top grade." Huang Shangu on the side couldn't help it anymore and asked: "Yi Xiao Where is my sister's wisdom?" Su Xiaomei then started to recite: "The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms." Su Dongpo and Huang Shangu recited it, thinking about it, and couldn't help but praise it. What's so good about it?

Reference answer: The two words "support" and "lost" aptly express the fragile and delicate posture of the thin willow in the breeze and the scene of the snow-like plum blossoms melting in the bright moonlight.

5. Practice - use the knowledge of couplets to complete the following exercises

1. Modify the couplets (20xx college entrance examination questions)

The first couplet: Winter goes and spring comes. Willows are green in the wind. Second line: Lychee, longan and papaya, both are good fruits in Lingnan.

2. Find the best second line that corresponds to "A stream of plum blossoms and the moon are drunk by the pond" is ( )

A. Lotus flowers fill the lake with fragrant people. B. Indus trees on both sides of the bank enter the cold night. C. Wake up from a dream at midnight

3. Fill in the numbers and tell the meaning

Happy Chinese New Year Now, every household is busy posting couplets. An old scholar who was too poor to take the blame wrote a couplet for himself: North and South - nothing

The first couplet: two, three, four, five - missing () Second couplet: 6789 - Young ()

4. Find the most suitable occasion for the following couplets

Be good at singing, dancing and making tricks, long at writing, painting, fingering and flower school Door couplets

Traveling through the scenic spots with texts, exploring the mysteries of the palace art festival

A bookstore that collects thousands of ancient and modern books, and a thousand letters from China and foreign countries in the cabinet

< p> I like to see the beauty of the apricot altar, and I am happy to hear that Mu Duo Zhen Xinsheng School Science and Technology Festival

5. Fill in the appropriate words Guo Moruo studied in private school when he was young. Once I secretly ate peaches from the temple with my classmates. The monk complained to his husband, and he blamed the students, but no one acknowledged it. The husband said, I will make a pair, and whoever can match will be exempted from punishment. The gentleman said: Yesterday, I stole a peach and went into a dog hole. I wonder who it was? Guo Moruo thought for a moment and said to him: If he climbs the Guibu (one) year, he must have me. The teacher was amazed by his talent and was extremely happy. All the students were exempted from punishment.

(Toad palace wins laurels, an idiom, toad palace refers to the moon palace. Climbing and breaking osmanthus flowers in the moon palace. In the imperial examination era, it is a metaphor for passing the exam.)

6. Adjust the couplets

Nanjing name There is a couplet in Yuan Zhan Yuan. The sentence order and structure of the second couplet have been disrupted. Please make appropriate adjustments according to the given first couplet.

First couplet: The great river goes eastward, and the heroes of the ages are swept away. I wonder where the green mountains and white clouds outside the building are, where is the Tang Palace and the Han Palace?

The content of the second line (has been disrupted): Beside the red rain tree, the small garden returns to the west, a garden of beautiful orioles is awakening, looking at the green trees by the pool, here there are Yao, Tian and Shun.

Answer:

Returning to the west of the small garden, the oriole evokes a beautiful garden, looking at the green trees by the pool, the red rain beside the trees, here are the days of Shun and Yao.

7. Change the underlined sentence into a couplet

On the side of the unruly Yangtze River, the Chinese people have unfolded a plan to cut off the five thousand miles of Yangtze River and cut off the countless Three Gorges. A magical picture locked by a mountain peak.

The first couplet: cut off thousands of miles of water in the Yangtze River

The second couplet: lock the countless peaks of the Three Gorges

8. Supplementary second couplet

（1 ) Drawing cakes to satisfy hunger and looking forward to plum blossoms to quench thirst

(2) Science can make you rich and hard work can make your family prosperous

(3) The world at home is small and the world is wide online

(4) The country is prosperous and the family is prosperous The country is prosperous, cities are prosperous, rural areas are prosperous, urban and rural areas are prosperous;