Protection and development of the Yellow River entering the sea

◇ Towards a beautiful and livable direction, green grows with the youngest land in China, and the saline-alkali city finally puts on a green coat.

The ecological environment protection of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve has achieved remarkable results, but high-quality development is still on the road of exploration.

The Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve is known as "Bird International Airport".

The Yellow River in Wan Li flows downstream from the Bayan Kara River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, and a piece of land, the Yellow River Delta, is alluvial at the sea, thus forming Dongying City.

On the way to Dongying Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Ma Pingchuan is outside the window, and wetlands can be seen everywhere. The closer to the nature reserve, the larger the wetland area. About an hour later, I saw the Roy Building, one of the "Ten New Landmarks of Qilu Culture". Next to the building, the words "Yellow River Estuary" are particularly eye-catching. Take a boat for more than ten kilometers from here, and you will see a piece of Wang Yang. The magnificent spectacle of "Yellow and Blue Intersection" between rivers and seas stretches for tens of kilometers.

* * * And the youngest land in China has become one of the labels here. Accompanied by it, there are a series of unique business cards such as oil city, saline-alkali land and national nature reserve. Dongying, a city born of oil, has been looking for a way out and expanding its space within the boundaries delineated by these "business cards" since its birth. Looking back on the course since the city was founded, we can see that green has grown with the youngest land in China, and the saline-alkali city has finally put on a green coat. Dongying, as the center of the efficient eco-economic zone in the Yellow River Delta, is still on the way to explore protection and development.

Care for the youngest wetland ecosystem in China.

The coastline of Dongying City is 4 13 km long, and the beach is 1200 km long, which is rich in wetland resources. Shallow sea, land and lake wetland resources are 4580 kilometers, and the wetland rate is 4 1.58%. The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea from here, making it have three world-class tourism resources: the confluence of rivers and seas, new wetlands and wild birds, creating a unique landscape of "Yellow Sea and Blue River". In the relevant areas of the reserve, at the garage, a beach of seagulls and herons was surprised from time to time.

It is understood that the protected area is 1.53 square kilometers, accounting for more than one-sixth of Dongying's area, which is equivalent to the size of 2 1.00 standard football fields. It is the most complete, extensive and youngest wetland in the warm temperate zone of China.

Lu 1987 went to work in the wildlife protection station of Dongying Forestry Bureau. "At that time, when I saw many birds here, I felt that a bird sanctuary should be established, so I planned to name it Dongying Red-crowned Crane Reserve." Lu said that some experts later thought it was wrong to protect a bird, so they renamed it Dongying Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve.

1990 10, Dongying Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve was formally established. 199 1 became a provincial nature reserve. 1992 was approved by the State Council as a national nature reserve in the Yellow River Delta, and became a wetland nature reserve with the protection of newborn wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered birds in the Yellow River estuary as the main body.

As a retreat from the sea, most areas of the Yellow River Delta have short land formation time, more saline-alkali land, less vegetation and fragile ecological environment. Only when the Yellow River is full of water and sand can the erosion of land by waves be forced back step by step. When the amount of water and sediment in the Yellow River is insufficient or cut off, the seawater will squeeze inch by inch and erode the newly fragile land.

Facing the new land with high salinity, the wise people of the Yellow River estuary introduced the Yellow River water to "suppress alkali". Abundant fresh water makes saline-alkali water no longer penetrate upward, soil salinity decreases, and wetland ecology gradually balances.

Since 20 10, the ecological water transfer project of Diaokouhe Road has been continuously implemented in the local area, with an average annual water transfer of 30 million cubic meters. After the old Yellow River was cut off for 34 years, the whole line resumed water supply, effectively improving the ecological environment on both sides of Diaokouhe Road.

These efforts have brought remarkable results. More and more rare birds began to attach themselves to the Yellow River estuary wetland. The number of bird species in nature reserves has increased from 283 in 2000 to 368 now. Among them, the number of national first-class key protected birds increased from 9 to 12, and the number of second-class key protected birds increased from 4 to 5 1 species. There are more than 4,000 oriental storks in the world, and the cumulative breeding here exceeds 65,438 +0.03 million; There are more than 4,000 black-billed gulls here, second only to Panjin, Liaoning. Dongying has become a veritable "hometown of oriental storks in China" and "hometown of black-billed gulls in China". In the nature reserve, the oriental stork stands high on the telephone pole. Love heights, high-voltage lines can provide protection. Oriental storks nest on telephone poles.

A 10-meter-high artificial attraction pole is welded with a "well"-shaped iron frame, which is specially built for the Oriental white stork to "settle down". A good ecological environment provides an ideal home for the endangered species Oriental Stork.

It is reported that there are eight bird migration routes in the world, two of which pass through Dongying. Every migration season, more than 6 million birds hunt, inhabit and soar in Dongying, so it is also called the "international airport" for birds.

In the eyes of Guo Jiansan, president of the Bird Watching Association in Dongying City, Shandong Province, birds are more convincing than humans in terms of a good environment. "We often say that a good environment must have' birds and flowers' and' birds and flowers' to be realized, but only when the ecological environment is excellent can we hear' birds and flowers'."

Regarding the establishment of protected areas, many cadres in Dongying admitted that the establishment of protected areas coincided with the high-yield period of Shengli Oilfield, and the delineation of protected areas and the closure of related production facilities also had a certain impact on local development. "It was really painful at the time." A local leading cadre said.

This is a firm choice for Dongying to implement the ecological priority strategy.

Green obsession of saline-alkali cities

Dongying is a city based on oil. It concentrates 85% of the output and 80% of the petroleum geological reserves of Shengli Oilfield, the second largest oil field in China, and is an important oil base in China. Dongying City 1983 was established in June to meet the needs of the development of Shengli Oilfield and the Yellow River Delta.

For this city with a series of honorary titles such as national civilized city, national environmental protection model city and national garden city, the barren beach in memory is not far away. In the investigation, a small fragment that deeply touched Dongying was mentioned by local cadres many times.

In the early 1990s, in a variety show of a TV station in Shandong, the host asked a question: "Where is the city without trees in our province?" A live audience rushed to answer: "Dongying!" "Exactly! Add ten points. " There was warm applause at the scene.

Compared with the saline-alkali mudflats that were "watery in rainy days, covered in silver in sunny days, rabbits don't shit, geese don't make any noise" decades ago, the ecological environment construction in Dongying has been greatly improved at that time, but this unintentional question and answer has pushed the environmental status quo of Dongying to the front of the whole province, which has brought great shock to the people of oil city.

"Oil continent+oasis" has become the unremitting pursuit of local development. Today, the green coverage rate of Dongying central city is 42.5%, and the per capita park green area is 25 square meters. Landscape Avenue and ecological park are connected in series, and street garden is connected with residential area, showing the distinctive characteristics of "wetland in city, city in wetland". On the wide street, the road forest belt is layered with colors, just like a flowing gallery. In Qingfeng Lake and Yueming Lake Park, trees are shaded and flowers are in full bloom. The cool breeze and bright moon add a sense of tranquility and poetry to people's lives.

Dongying's concept of green development is constantly refreshed in discussion and practice.

Yuzhen Yang, 75, was the director of Dongying Economic Research Center in his early years, and now he is the director of Dongying Yellow River Delta Protection and Development Research Center. He said that he was an example of the transformation of Dongying's development concept from the original study of economic development to the study of protection and development.

1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, adopted the 2 1 century agenda. According to the 2 1 century agenda, China formulated the China 2 1 century agenda as the overall strategy, plan and countermeasures for China's sustainable development.

In this context, Dongying actively strives for the support project of the United Nations Development Programme. In 1994, the United Nations Development Programme regards "supporting the sustainable development of the Yellow River Delta" as the first priority item to support the China 2 1 agenda.

In practice, Dongying City has also had different opinions on sustainable development. After the sustainable development project of UNDP landed in Dongying, international experts raised objections to the direction of developing a large petrochemical base in Dongying. Yuzhen Yang said with a smile, at that time, everyone misunderstood sustainable development, and some even thought it was a trap set by western developed countries to hinder China's development.

What I have seen and heard in foreign chemical cities has really promoted the change of the concept of decision makers in Dongying. "At that time, it was smoky and the smell was pungent. As soon as I saw that situation, I felt in my heart that it would be a blessing to know if the petrochemical industry was not developed. " Yuzhen Yang said with emotion: "The Yellow River Delta is rich in resources, but the ecological environment is fragile. The surrounding waters are shallow. Once it is polluted, it will be completely polluted and biodiversity will be affected. These have promoted the renewal of ideas from top to bottom and should engage in sustainable development. "

Protection and development need to be further solved.

Based on the ecological farming and animal husbandry model of saline-alkali land created by micro-topography, the experimental station has formed lotus root aquatic area, ditch aquatic area, pasture livestock and poultry area and farmland planting area by digging ditches to store water and preserve water, lifting fields to suppress flooding and reduce salt, and sloping fields to realize the circular development of planting, pasture, breeding and aquatic products.

This combination of protection and development is highly compatible with the practical development needs of Dongying.

"When the plan was approved in 2009, the concept of' efficient ecology' was put forward, which was clearly put forward in 1999, indicating that our development concept is reasonable and feasible." Shao Jieguang said.

The Development Plan of Efficient Eco-economic Zone in the Yellow River Delta clearly states that the planning scope includes Dongying City and Binzhou City, Hanting District, Shouguang City and Changyi City of Weifang City, Leling City and Qingyun County of Dezhou City, gaoqing county City of Zibo City and Laizhou City of Yantai City, with a land area of 26,500 square kilometers.

Since the implementation of the Plan for ten years, the Yellow River Delta Efficient Eco-economic Zone has continuously strengthened its ecological construction and environmental protection, and its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced. However, as a resource-based area and ecologically fragile area, what kind of road the Yellow River Delta should take is still a question that local governments need to answer in depth.

From the actual development of Dongying, the contradiction of industrial structure is still outstanding. Although the structure of tertiary industry has changed obviously, the proportion of tertiary industry is still low, which is 15.2 percentage points lower than the average level of Shandong province. In the secondary industry, the dependence on the oil industry is still high, and strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries and high-end manufacturing industries account for a relatively small proportion.

The difficult problem faced by local governments is the arduous task of industrial upgrading and structural adjustment. Although the land is abundant, the environmental constraints are increasingly prominent, and the tasks of ecological construction and environmental protection are arduous.

In the survey, local cadres said that the protected area accounts for one-sixth of Dongying city, and the development of this area is limited. At the same time, cities still need to allocate funds for management and construction, and have not found a good combination of protection and development.

Some cadres believe that since the formulation of the high-efficiency eco-economic zone plan, there are ideas and achievements, but there are also many problems. At present, the high-efficiency eco-economic zone has a large scope, so it is hoped that a separate area will be designated as a comprehensive experimental zone on the existing basis to better explore the eco-efficient path of protection and development.

At present, Dongying has established the position of "building a high-quality growth pole in Shandong, a cultural tourism destination where the Yellow River enters the sea, and building a dynamic modern wetland city". Around this goal, the local government is making great efforts to develop characteristic industries such as petrochemicals, rubber, petroleum equipment, non-ferrous metals and new materials, actively cultivating advantageous industries such as modern and efficient agriculture and cultural tourism, accelerating the layout of future industries such as biomedicine and aerospace, and building a "5+2+2" industrial system with local characteristics and sustainable competitiveness.

Respondents believe that Dongying, as the central area of the Yellow River Delta, should give priority to ecology and explore a way to achieve ecological efficiency. Among them, in addition to the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, we must also grasp the two keys of modern efficient agriculture and cultural tourism.

In the cultivation of modern high-efficiency agriculture, the first national agricultural high-tech zone has landed in Dongying since the new century, providing an important platform for exploring the development of modern agriculture. The exploration of institutions such as the Yellow River Delta Coastal Wetland Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences will also provide technical support for the development of ecological agriculture.